
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

Ml ''iiii III III r 



014 310 4448 



ComcrvatioD Resources 
LIg-FVecf8> Type I 



F 199 
.L43 
Copy Z 



18 87. 



LEADINQ 




Merchants and Manufacturers A 



OK THE 



'^ 



City of Washington 



A. RESUIVIE OR 



Trade, Enterprise, and Development. 



ILLUSTRATKD. 



PUBLISHED BV 

INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, 

I02 Chambers Street, New York. 



.1 cv^ 






By !i.„. 

D C. Public Library 
AUG 1 7 1935 



/ 






INTRODUCTORY. 



IN presenting this work to the public only a few words need be written to explain 
its object or extol the city whose industries it reviews. Devoted to the 
manufacturing and industrial interests of Washington, it presents in as intelligent 
and concise a manner as possible an interesting review of the active and represeuta- 
""^ tive business houses of the Capital City. 

^. As a record of the interests in the city it will do much toward encouraging the 

QZ enterprises specified. The record is one n®t only of the leading manufactures and 

S mercantile pursuits, but of the principal commercial men of the day who contribute 

to the material prosperity of the scenes of their enterprise and the welfare and 

-i comfort of the people around them. If there is one thing more than another upon 

^/J which this country prides itself, it is the ingenuity and the successful plodding of 

those who have distinguished themselves in domestic manufactures and commerce, 

I for these are the workers who have wrought out in great part the nation's weal, 

furnishing occupation and a lucrative sphere of industry for thousands and tens of 

thousands who, thus employed, have achieved for themselves and their families 

isuccesses, as well as realized a happier current life, which they could never have won 

iud enjoyed save under the guidance and skill of the more enterprising and far- 

kighted. The avenues opened by the inventor, the manufacturer, and the merchant 

lave been strewn with manifold blessings to all classes of the people ; for, though 

he spirit of self-aggrandizement has been the mainspring of their activity and 

nterprise, these men have proved themselves the real philanthropists of the time 

/ nd have borne the standard of progress on to its great victories. 



INTROD UCTOR Y. 



The data herein contained have been gathered from the most authentic sources, 
carefully collated, and judiciously revised, being compiled in separate and distinct 
forms, while the greatest care has been taken to render the information thus obtained 
thoroughly reliable and accurate. 

It will be noticed that while the leading houses in the general lines of business 
are referred to in length, there are also a number of smaller houses mentioned, each 
probably as important in its special department of trade, and, therefore, a part of 
the general industries of the city. 

As this work is intended for general circulation, it will undoubtedly become the 
medium through which the interests of this section will be promoted by establishing 
more intimate business relations with other parts of the country. To this end it is 
respectfully requested that those into whose hands it may fall will place it, whenever 
practicable, in such localities where the best results may emanate from its perusal. 

In conclusion, the publishers acknowledge the valuable aid rendered by numer- 
ous gentlemen in the onerous task of compilation, and they hereby extend their most 
cordial thanks, collectively and individually, for the assistance thus rendered. 

INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING CO. 



^•^. 

1 



Llgrnrr^ '^r* - 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Anderson & Moore pri°tfrs""--— :.:;;":::;;:::::::;; 

Anmoh J J., meats, provisions, etc —""" 



H. b., tailor.. 



Beall, John E.,real.estat^, etc ^32 

Kpan & Cox, groceries, etc ,-. 

bIu Tea and Coffee Company .^ '* 

!rns?nger, S., horse and carnage bazaar 146 

l^^d!^4n^I^^^r^'^i^:^^-""-"""v:;::::i^^ 

Blackford, J. »., jeweler......... -• ^.jg 

reuSe?; ^:,Tat^hra\1.Vanrrewe^r .2 

irfll&Hayden,' tinning andplnmbing, etc 100 

Britton & Gray lawyers "^ZJZ". 116 

KS; ^.Tll'^.-lilIchSadraughtsman ^99 

... „ ^ .^.,ae PTP. yg 

121 



Brown; W. R., line groceries, etc 

Burford, J.E., real estate, etc gO 

Buredorf, E.. stables ■ ^^^ 

S^^.^.!^i^c:LS?ai^1ti^i=:::::":::::"""-"^ 
ia.VH!SSfcetc;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::ioB 

S9 

Cain, R;S-- undertaker ..„...^.^.»^^^^^^ ,2 

!^SIte^?LlrdVThe, Schaaf& Chase, props... 120 

Carr, John W., painter ''"""""■ 93 

Christian!, C, apothecary, etc •■••••■ gg 

Christiani, Theo., Pharmacist, ■^■^••—-•-■^.^jg ^3^ 

&S'SI!Zy.!'ij^^^^^^^ ^^^^-'...!r.::::::: i 
SS;ft"c!!"?f^^--""""^^ --IJ^ 

Compton, James, tobacco, etc ^^y 

COOT .Tohn W., paperhangings •■■ 1^^ 

Core, John T., cigars.. .^■. •••■—■•••:■; ••-••• 117 

Corsen & McCartney, bankers, etc.. 

cSett, John J. merchant tailor •■••:;;;";;;;;;: Ifs 

Cottren, E. B^ rea^e|tatj^^^^...^.^..^^-^^^-^-^r-^^ ^^ 

CuvvY iS' manufactnrer brass and copper wire, etc. 100 
cS&Wtaer, real estate and insurance 10- 

113 



Dowlin, N. C, flour, gram, etc 1^^ 

Dugan, John, stables............. ■'^' 

Dulany & Whiting, real estate.... '* 

Dunn, P. B., wholesale wines, etc j^o 

Duryee, A. R., architect |^^ 

Button, M. M., groceries, etc i**^ 

Edmondston, R. O., wholesale grocer, etc 118 

Edson Brothers, attorneys-at-law,.etc i^» 

Ellis, D., groceries, fruits, etc... :f|^ 

Ennis, H. J., solicitor of patents -J^" 

Farmers' and Mechanics' National Bank 140 

Fegan, John, rectifier, etc ;■•■—.•■••• A-' 

Fleming, Robert I., architect and builder bt 

Ford, EUervC, attorney-at-law '* 

Fowler, E. S., groceries etc. ^Vr 

Fraser, James, woodandcoal ^^ 

Free, J. D., Jr., books, stationery, etc i^o 

Free, J. D., bookseller, etc |-° 

Friedrich, Franz, jeweler •••••: ^-^ 

Fuller C v., manufacturer cider and vinegar tb 

Fullerton, James, attorney and counselor-at-law a 

Fuse, Charles B., paperhanger »^ 

Gass, S. J., & Co., real estate, etc Ill 

Gawler, Joseph, undertaker :}^^ 

Geddis&Co., druggists, etc i^* 

Georges, J. J., chiropodist.. °" 

Gheen, Fred, Brighton Market J-"" 

Ghisselli, A., merchant tailor »" 

Gilman, Z. D., pharmacist. ...•- °^ 

Gladmon, Edwin, Ph. D , pharmacist.. »« 

(Joodman, Samuel, grocery and provisions i4o 

Grimm, N. R., architect 

Guiimip & Co., dry goods 



69 



119 



Hall, Philip F., shirtmaker, etc ^^^ 

^^^}.B:^^^^i^^^^s^^^:'^o. 115 

Handv, Charles W., real estate broker lOb 

TT * „ t;^^ .^.t,,/» T 1-ilnm'hpr _ ..••■•■• •••• iJ-' 



Hannan, Edward J., plumber 
Harbin, George F . , dry goods 

Harvey, R. F., undertaker \^ 

Hays, James S., crockery, etc '■'^ 

Haz.elton, A. L., shoe store..... 

Henderson, R. W., & Co., wallpaper 77 

Hensey, Thomas G., real estate, etc iio 

Hertford, J. R., real estate, etc 

Hewitt, R. C, flour, feed, etc 

Hibbert, C. H., & Co., kid gloves ....... 

Hill, George, Jr , Potomac Paper Mills 

Hipkins, W.L., china, etc ■ ••.• ^"° 

Hodges, James M., artists' and painters supplies • «o 

103 



93 

106 



108 

114 

90 

118 



Hogan, J. J., oyster dealer if^i^ 



Holl, G. W., cigars and tobacco |";^ 

Hough, Henry H., dry goods |"^ 

Howard House, John B. Scott, proprietor no 

furniture, stoves, etc 129 



Imlay, E. E., 

Jackson & Co., wholesale grocers 98 

Jackson, D., grocer • ";; 

Jacobs, George T., modelmaker.. J'" 

Johannes, J. G., manufacturing jeweler Wb 

Johnson, Garner & Co., dry goods, etc 
Judd & Detweiler, printers 



70 
112 



SS^ fet^:^=' ^piiesret^:::::::::::::::: i| 

ElsS'Gerome manufacturing jeweler • 138 

Didden C A., architect •• -j^gQ 

Dix w' A., harness, saddles, etc „„ 1 ^jj]. g. E., painting 

Don'n, George S., paperhangings ^g^ | xioczenski, A. M., druggist 

Pove, J. Maury, coal and wood 



Kaiser, J. Henry, mechanical drafting 80 

Kattelmane, Charles, watchmaker » 

Keen, George T., merchant tailor '^ 

Keleher, James, stables fi't 

Kennedy, Charles, lime, cement, etc....... li^ 

Keyes & Co., boarding and livery stables 109 

T.'iTi- fi v. naintine J}^ 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Kneessi, K., & Son, harness and trunk manufactory... 8S 

Knight Brothers, patent attorneys, etc „ .".... 75 

Koch, Edward \V., bookseller, etc 110 

Kraft, Philip H., cigars and tobacco 104 

Krause, Charles A., wall papers, etc 83 

Kurtz, Louis, boots and shoes 138 

Lansburgh & Brother, dry goods 124 

Lee, J. H., grocer, etc 137 

Lee, Joseph C, undertaker 91 

Leonard, Bernard, real estate agent 87 

Lepley & Finster, Catholic booksellers, etc 115 

Lloyd, Samuel, inventor and patentee of Lloyd's 

window awning 120 

Lockhead, James, plumber and gasfitter 87 

Lofttis, James, furniture, cari)ets, etc 85 

Longley & Wolston, real estate 7t) 

Lowdermilk, W. 11., rare and curious books S6 

Lown, W. J., coffee and spice mills 104 

Ludeke. F. J., lock and gunsmith 140 

Luttrell & Wine, dry goods, etc 82 

Lutz, William F., rubber stamps 122 



Magill, Chas. J., fruit and produce 

Magrath, I). W., farm wagons, etc., 

Mahoney, John R., paperhangings, etc 

Marble, E. M., attorney in patent cases 

Marr, Jas. H., real estate, etc 

Mattern, J. Ed., tobacconist 

Matthews, W. E , real estate broker , 

May, John G., furniture and housefurnishing goods., 

May, Peter J., wholesale cigars 

McFarland, W. F., stables , 

McGrew & Small, attorneys, etc 

McKee, James W., & Co., brokers and imp. agents...., 

McKenney, J. F., sewing machines 

McMurray, Rob't, Jr., broker in groceries 

Merritt & Van Wagner, photographers 

Metzerott, W. G., & Co., music and musical mdse 

Meyers, J. G., architect 

Mitler, Thos. W., & Co., registered plumbers, etc 

Mitchell, M. C, stoves, etc 

Mohun, Francis B., real estate and loans 

Morrison, E., paper 

Mulliken, W. L., pictures, frames, etc 

Murphy, David, Virginia Sale Staljles 

Murray, George E., Library Market 

Musser, G. J., drugs, medicines, etc 

Myers, Wm. Hunter, solicitor patents 



. 99 

. 10.=-) 

146 

. 109 

, 125 

103 

95 

139 

140 

141 

77 

86 

125 

133 

139 

99 

12(1 

101 

135 

100 

123 

106 

119 

141 

133 

69 

113 

131 

101 

114 

103 

78 

97 

94 

105 

85 

132 

97 

Offutt, G. W. & H. W., fancy groceries, etc 134 

Ohiole, The., ladies' furnishing goods, etc 131 

Orrison, G. A., stables 131 

Page, Harvey L., architect 127 

Parker, C. H., real estate 73 

Parker, John C, bookseller, etc 142 

Payne, Geo. C, & Co., real estate, etc 140 

Payne, J. T., manufacturer boots and shoes, etc 141 

Pekin Tea and Coffee Co 1,35 

Pelouze, H. L., & Son, type foundry, etc 92 

Peters, Norris, photo-lithographer 81 

Pitzer, F., & Co., i)harmacists n? 

Polkinhorn, R. O., &Son, printers G9 

Porter, W. H., The Caligraph 143 

Post Combination Sewing-Machine Company, The 136 

Prescott, John A., broker si 

Probey, James K., carriage manufacturer 121 

Professor Sheldon, dancing academy 91 

Pullman, E. J., photographic artist 71 

Raub, Charles H., & Co., Lafayette Market.. 70 

Redman, J. S., commis.sion merchant 76 

Rehwold, J., railroad ticket broker 100 

Reinlein, Paul, pharmacist 9,s 

Rich, George W.. fine shoes 133 

Richardson, W. S., druggist and chemist 102 

Riggs House, W. SpofTord, proprietor 84 

Robert &*Keyser, artists 102 

Robertson, B. H., real estate and insurance 93 



Kachman, David, dry goods, etc 

Nalley, Wm. H., bookbinder, etc 

Nash. (Jeo. J., bookbinder, etc 

National Bank of the Republic, of Washington, The... 

National Labor Bureau, E. H. Dick, proprietor 

National Union of Washington, D. C., The 

Newman, E. Wright, attorney, etc 

New York Butter House, Morgan Pennypacker, prop.. 
New York Five Cent Store, A. M. Hudson, proprietor... 

NicoU, The Tailor 

Nordlinger, W., clothier, etc 

Norment, C. F., real estate, etc 



Robertson, T. J. W., patent solicitor 132 

Rohrer, M. M., real estate and insurance 95 

Roth, Benedict, mfr. of saddlery, harness, etc 83 

Rothfuchs, C. F., postage stamp emporium 87 

Royce i& Marean, electrical goods 81 

Rudden's New Furniture and Carpet Installment 

House so 

Ruppert, Chr., toys and fancy goods 92 

Ryneal, George, Jr., plate-glass, etc 94 

Saum, J. F.,&Co., produce commission merchants... 104 

Saunders, L. M., & Brother, real estate, etc 114 

Schaefer, George M., paperhanger, etc 98 

Schillinger Artificial Stone and Concrete ('ompany... 136 

Schneider, F. A., hardware, etc 14,5 

Schults, J. H., manufacturer of cigars, 13,5 

Scott, George A., cigars, tobacco, etc 92 

Semmes &Co., grocers 109 

Seventh Street Mourning Store, J. E. Y'oung, prop'r.... 83 

Seward, E. C, .solicitor of patents 9h 

Shanahan, Daniel, paints, oils, etc 91 

Sharswood & Peake, furniture 144 

Sheldon, George T., dancing academy 91 

Sherwood, W. I., cigars 9,5 

Shipley, M. E., boots and shoes 120 

Shoemaker Company, line wines, liquors, etc 117 

Siirevo, Charles S., real estate, etc 140 

Sickle, YAK, Bargain Store 112 

Simmons, John, stables 97 

Simms, G. «J. C, pharmaceutist 121 

Simp.son, Thomas P., patent lawyer 87 

Slater, John G., furniture 122 

Smalhvood, George T., draughtsman 107 

Smith, F. G., manufacturer Bradbury piano fortes 68 

Smith, R. D. O., patent agent 94 

Smith & Wardwell, fancy goods, novelties, etc 78 

Sommerville, Thomas, & Sons, brass works 95 

Spaulding, Wm. E., & Co., painting establishment 77 

Spear, Ellis, solicitor of patents, etc 71 

Standiford, Harry, apothecary 81 

Stephenson, F. I)., attorney-at-law Ill 

Stevens, Lawrence & Co., real estate, etc 73 

Stevens, W. X., solicitor of patents 107 

Stone, I). D., real estate broker 85 

St. James Hotel, Levi Woodburv, proprietor 79 

Sullivan, ^^'illiam, housefurnishing goods 86 

Sweet, Parker H., Jr., solicitor of patents, etc Ill 

Swormstedt & Bradley, real estate and insurance 107 

Tallent, A., upholsterer 143 

Tharp, .Tames, wines and liquors 133 

Thompson, J. S., dairy milk, etc lOl 

Thyson House, W. P. Cole, proprietor 109 

Van Wickle, W. P., pianos and organs 68 

Vaughan, William W., glass stainer 127 

Vellam, E. S., wood and coal 87 

Vogt, John I., bakery and confectionery 96 

Wade, J. W., merchant tailor 106 

Waggaman, John F., real estate 137 

Wagner, H. G. <& J. E., jewelers, etc 141 

Wagner, William, sporting goods 83 

Walker, John C, Boston Market 105 

[Walker, Noah & Co., The Popular Clothing Establish- 
ment 79 

Walker, T. H. & Co., grocers, etc lOA 

Walker's J. T., Sons, lime, cement, etc 

Walsh, Cropley & Co,, bankers and brokers 

Washington Copying Company, A. E. Burke 

Waters, S. M., practical plumber, etc 

Watrous, B. F., meats, poultry, etc 

Weller, Frank P., drugs, etc..! 

Weller & Repetti. real estate 

West End Steam Laundry, Henry Wagner, proprietor 

Wheatley, J. M., coal, wood, etc 

Wheeler! E. G., contractor for railroad supplies, etc.... 

White, E. E., wholesale grocer, etc 

Whittlesey & Wright, U. S. and foreign patents 

Wilkins, (!. F., & Co., produce commission merchants. 

Williams, Wash, B., furniture, etc 

Willner, Francis, wallpaper, etc ' 

Wilson, P. R., grocer 

Windsor & Co., ladies' and gents' fine shoes . 

Wise, Geo. W., tmdertaker * 

Woolley, Prof G. W., patent pen attachment 12. 

Worch, Hugo, & Co., pianos and organs 10,t~ 

Wormley's Hotel, James Wormley, proprietor 7< 

Wyckott', Leamens & Benedict, Remmgton type writer 142 

Y'antis, Arnold S., solicitor of patents, etc 108 

Ziclitl, A., bookbinder 133 



CITY OF WASHINGTON 



THE city of Washington is tlie most distinctively American aty m tbe Um ed 
State/ It is natural and proper that it should be so, because be„,g th 
capital, it should be beyond and above all other. r-epresentaUve of he sprr 
and character of the American people. They are proud of >t. and have reason to be ihose 
and cl^-"-^""! "^ , i 1,^^ b^^„ i„ great sort made iamdiar to them by 

;': ;rcit In/pLt:;^;;:!. str-uc^ .Ith surprise and delight when the .eaUty dawns 




WAK, STATE, AND NAVY DEPARTMENTS. 

UDon them while the amazement of foreigners upon viewing it is onlv equaled by their 
admiration of a city whose magnificence they had not thought possible in a country so 

raw and young as ours. 

A Homeless Congress. 

Proud as our people are of the capital of the nation, and enthusiastic as is the 
general interest centered here, it is wonderfully strange how few of them possess any 
accurate knowledge of how it came to be the seat of the Federal Government. _ The 
question of its permanent location was an early and a frequent subject of discussion m 



34 CITY OF WASHINGTON-. 



the sessions of the Continental Congress, and subsequently became general in every part 
of the country — in the press, in public conclave, and in private circles. 

The first session of the Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, September 
5th, 1774, and here its sessions were continued until December 12th, 1776, when the 
approach of the British army compelled it to betake itself to Baltimore, where it met on 
the 12th of the next February, and adjourned to convene at Philadelphia on the 12th 
of March. 

Congress resolved on September 14th, of that year — 1777 — that if obliged to vacate 
Philadelphia it would assemble at Lancaster, Pa. On the 18th it had adjourned for the 
day, fully expecting to come together again in the morning, when advices were received 
of the advance of the enemy, and the 27th of September found it at Lancaster, whence it 
adjourned to York, then known as York Town, Here it met on the 30th, continuing its 
sessions until June 27th, 1778, when a return was made to Philadelphia, where its next 
meeting was had July 2d, 1778. 

Congress remained here until 1783. Hitherto it had been the victim of the fortunes 
of war, but was now destined to trouble at the hands of its own constituency. 

The storm of war had spent itself, but the atmosphere was thick with the domestic 
dissension that invariably succeeds it. Officers and soldiers had fought a good fight 
bravely as few men ever before fought, and had been discharged, but the Federal Govern- 
ment could not pay them. In the year 1783 a large body of them confronted Congress, 
at Philadelphia, to insist that it take instant measures for the settlement of their just 
claims. Congress appealed to the Pennsylvania Executive Council for protection, which 
replied that it was powerless, since the aid of the militia could not be depended upon. 
Meanwhile, the people of New Jersey had extended an hospitable hand. The autliorities 
of Princeton College offered Congress the use of the library hall, and every other accom- 
modation at their command, while the citizens of Princeton, Trenton, Newark, and other 
places warmly seconded the invitation. So it happened that Congress met at Princeton 
on June 30th, 1783. 

The citizens of Philadelphia could not brook its removal from their town. A five- 
years' continuous stay there had given its people a sense of ownership in that august body 
which they were not prepared to resign. They formally memorialized Congress, begging 
its return and promising ample protection. On the 8th of August Congress adjourned, 
and met again in the Quaker City on the 12th, having voted to that effect and also to 
remain there until the last Monday of October, when it would go to Annapolis, Md., 
unless otherwise determined upon in the meantime. 

A Knotty Question. 

This formally opened the question as to the permanent location of the seat of the 
National Government. For almost seven years it held the attention of Congress, worried 
the temper of Congressmen, and vexed the country from North to South. The annals of 
the Congressional debates upon the slavery question glow with partisan heat scarcely 
more .fierce than that kindled by this subject. An adequate idea of it may be formed 
from a very few extracts. Mr. Scott, of Pennsylvania, insisted that " the existence of 
the Union depends on this subject." Mr^ Ames, of Massachusetts, said : " I believe it 
will involve as many passions as can reside in the human heart ; every principle of local 
interest* of pride and honor, and even of patriotism itself is engaged." Mr. Stone, of 
Maryland, declared that " no question would so fully try the temper of that body as 
this " and Mr. Madison that " had a prophet started up in the Convention and foretold 
the proceedings of this day, Virginia would not now be a party to this Constitution." 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



35 



On August 22d, 17<S3, the Pennsylvania delegates presented to Congress resolutions 
passed by the General Assembly of their State, assuring that body of every necessary 
support and protection to " the honor and dignity of the United States in Congress," and 
expressing a desire to retain permanently in their Commonwealth the seat of Gov- 
ernment. 

Had Pennsylvania been the only bidder for this high honor, the question were 
simple enough. Fortunately— for thus it most certainly was— she was not. The States 
of New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia were also in the field. 
The New England States— Rhode Island excepted— seem to have put in no d-i^, and 
while the extreme Southern States hoped nothing for themselves, they w-.^ backed by 
Maryland and Virginia in their resolve that the capital of the Union should be located 




TREASURY BUILDING. 



at some point south of New York or even Philadelphia. The opposition of the people of 
South Carolina to the latter city was intense, because the Quakers " were continually 
dogging Southern members with their schemes of emancipation." 

It is interesting at this distance of time to recur to the different sites that were sug- 
gested. There were twenty-four of them in all, and several were fixed upon by the 
Senate or the House in the course of the long discussion that ensued. New York offered 
its metropolis and Kingston, while New Jersey put forth Trenton ; Pennsylvania named 
Philadelphia, Germantown, Chester, Reading, Harrisburg, York, Wright's Ferry, Lan- 
caster, and some place on the eastern bank of the Susquehanna ; Virginia suggested 
Alexandria and Williamsburg, Maryland advanced Baltimore, Annapolis, and George- 
town, while Rhode Island thought Newport the proper place. The DelaAvare river, near 
Trenton, near the falls, and also near Wilnangton, at or near Little Falls, on the Poto- 



36 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



mac, the banks of the latter near Georgetown, were other points, and, less definitely, 
somewhere " between the rivers Susquehanna and Potomac, at the most healthy and con- 
venient place, having due regard to the navigation of the Atlantic ocean and the situa- 
tion of the \V'estern territory." 

It Avas on the 6th of October, 1783, that the National Congress took this subject 
fairly in hand. The propositions of the several States, " respecting a place for the per- 
manent residence of Congress," were opened for con?<ideration, and almost seven years 
passed before they were closed and the question settled. Of course, location was the first 
and most important point to be determined ; money for the erection of public buildings 
was another. Certain conditions were imposed upon States in the event of their selec- 
tion ; Avhile, on the other hand, the inducements ofiered by some States and cities were 




INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. 



substantial and tempting. The city of New York, for example, was ready to give its 
public buildings to the Government, Pennsylvania agreed to donate the State buildings 
in Philadelphia, and the citizens of Baltimore subscribed some thirty thousand pounds 
ill hard cash for the necessary structures if they could have the capital. 

The question of location showed itself from the first to be one as between the North 
and the South. It was purely sectional. Very early in the discussion a double capital 
was suggested as a possible and satisfactory solution. 

On October 17th, 1783, Mr. Gerry, of Massachusetts, offered a motion, which was 
seconded by Mr. Lee, of Virginia, providing for the establishment of two National 
Capitals — one at the North, the otlier at the South — to be used alternately by Congress. 
The vicinity of the falls of the Delaware and the lower falls of the Potomac, or George- 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



37 



town, were the points indicated, and a committee was appointed to examine them and 
report. 

For years the subject was a hot game of battledoor and shuttlecock between the 
Senate and the House. On September 22d, 1789, the latter passed a bill, by a vote of 
thirty-one to seventeen, locating the permanent residence of the Government " on the 
river Susquehanna, in the State of Pennsylvania." Mr. Madison, with the Southern 
members at his back, relentlessly opposed this location.- The bill went to the Senate, 
and was returned to the House so ameuded as to read, " Delaware river and the neio-li- 
borhood of Philadelphia," including " Germantown." Neither did this suit Mr. Madison, 
who was supposed, by the Avay, to represent the views of President Washington, who had 
been inaugurated on the 30th of the preceding Api'il, in New York city, on the 
balcony of Federal Hall, the site of the present Custom-House. Mr. Madison intro- 
duced an immaterial amendment or two to the bill, with a view to delaying the 




NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Senate consideration of it, and it went over to the next session. 
28th, 1789, and on the following day Congress adjourned. 



This was September 



By Compromise. 

Compromise is rarely an honest or satisfactory settlement of any momentous question, 
but in this case it gave to the United States the most magnificent National Capital in 
existence. 

At this time the Federal finances were a troublesome problem, and the Government 
was anxious to fund its debts. . Opinions as to the proper or feasible method of doino- so 
were as great in number as the dollars the debts represented. On this subject, too, the 



38 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



North and the South were divided. The War of the Revolution had cost the country 
about $20,000,000, a very tolerable sum of money in those days. Among other proposi- 
tions was one making the General Government responsible for the debts contracted by 
the different States in the conduct of the war, thus lifting the burden from them indi- 
vidually. The North had furnished the bulk of the men and means, insisted that the 
benefits resulting from the Revolution were general and covered the entire country, and 
supported the measure. Virginia and the Southern States opposed the measure on the 
ground that its adoption would raise their proportion of the debt. Two Southern votes 
were necessary to carry it. Alexander Hamilton, of New York, was Secretary of the 
Treasury, and Thomas Jefferson Secretary of State. The latter gave a dinner composed 
of judiciously invited constituents, at which it was arranged that Lee and White, of Vir- 
ginia, who had stood out against assumption, should vote for it, Hamilton and Robert 
Morris, of Pennsylvania, pledging themselves to turn enough Northern votes to locate 
the capital on the banks of the Potomac. 

The compact was rigidly kept; and on May 31st, 1790, Pierce Butler, of South Caro- 
lina, was given permission by the Senate " to bring in a bill to determine the permanent 
seat of Government of the United States." 

The bill locating the capital passed July 16th, and that providing for the National 
assumption of the State debts August 4th, 1790. 

The Location. 

The territory selected was partly in Maryland and partly in Virginia. Both these 
States had previously ceded to the Federal Government such portions of their domain as 
might be chosen for the capital. 

The Congressional bill as passed authorized President Washington, with the aid of 
three commissioners of his own appointment, to locate a district not exceeding ten miles 
stjuare " on the river Potomac, at some space between the mouths of the Eastern Branch 
and Conogocheague." It further provided that the capital should remain at Philadel- 
phia until the year 1800, when it was to be removed to the new spot. 

In the month of January, 1791, President Washington named as commissioners ex- 
Governor Thomas Johnson, of Maryland, Dr. David Stuart, of Virginia, and Hon. 
Daniel Carroll, of Rock Creek, Md. They were empowered to "survey " and " define 
and limit a district of territory * * * for the permanent seat of Government ;" and 
also "to purchase or accept such quantity of land on the eastern side of said river 
[Potomac], within the said district, as the President shall deem proper, for the use of the 
United States." These commissioners were further instructed " prior to the first Monday 
in December, 1800, to provide suitable buildings for the accommodation of Congress and 
of the President, and for the public offices of the Government of the United States." 

A clause in the bill under which this commission was to act authorized the Presi- 
dent to borrow $100,000 for the erection of these buildings, but it was expunged by the 
Senate. 

As finally fixed and defined by Washington's proclamation, issued at Georgetown, 
March 30th, 1791, the boundaries of this territory were as follows: "Beginning at 
Jones' Point, being the upper cape of Hunting ci'eek, in Virginia, and at an angle in the 
outset of 45 degrees west of the north, and running in a direct line ten miles for the first 
line ; then beginning again at the same Jones' Point and running another dii-ect line at 
a right angle with the first, across the Potomac, ten miles, for the second line ; then from 
the terminations of the said first and second lines, running two other direct lines, of ten 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 39 

miles each, the one crossing the Eastern Branch aforesaid, and the other the Potomac, 
and meeting each other in a point." * * * « ^j^^j ^j^g territory so to be located, 
defined, and limited shall be the whole territory accepted by the said act of Congress as 
the district for the permanent seat of the Government of the United States." 

As thus laid off, this territory covered an area of one hundred square miles — sixty- 
four thousand acres — and embraced both margins of the Potomac. Alexandria and 
Georgetown were within its lines, and the remainder of the land was plantation. 

In the year 1846 Congress ceded back to the State of Virginia that part of the 
District of Columbia originally received from it. 

Transferred to the Government. 

Much of the land that constitutes the site of the present city of Washington was 
the property of David Burns, Daniel Carroll, Notely Young, and Robert Peters. 
Beside these, there was quite a number of small owners. Following is a portion of the 
agreement entered into, duly signed and presented to the Commission by nineteen of the 
principal proprietors : 

" We, the subscribers, in consideration of the great benefits we expect to derive from 
having the Federal City laid off upon our lands, do hereby agree and bind ourselves, 
heirs, executors, and administrators, to convey, in trust, to the President of the United 
States, or Commissioners, or such person or persons as he shall appoint, by good and 
sufficient deeds, in fee simple, the whole of our respective lands, which he may think 
proper to include within the lines of the Federal City, for the purposes and on the condi- 
tions following : 

" The President shall have the sole power of directing the Federal City to be laid 
off in what manner he pleases. 

" He may i^etain any number of squares he may think proper for public improve- 
ments, or other puhl'iG uses; and the lots only which shall be laid off shall be a Joinf 
property between the trustees on behalf of the public and each present proprietor ; and 
the same shall be fairly and equally divided between the public and the individuals, as 
soon as may be the city shall be laid off. 

" For the streets the proprietors shall receive no compensation ; but for the squares or 
lands in any form which shall be taken for public buildings or any kind of public 
improvements or u.ses, the proprietors whose lands shall be taken shall receive at the rate 
of £25 per acre [$66,671, Maryland currency], to be paid by the public." 

This entire property was conveyed in trust to Thomas Beall and John Mackall 
Gantt. 

The Architect of the City. 

The author of so unique a plan as that upon which the City of Washington is laid 
out should have a word or two of mention in this connection. 

Pierre C. L'Enfant was a French engineer, who came to this country in the year 
1777 or thereabouts and actively participated in the War of the Revolution. In 1783 
he returned to France, commissioned by the Society of the Cincinnati to direct the prepara- 
tion of a badge for that body. He designed and superintended the alterations of Fed- 
eral Hall in New York city in 1789, where Congress met and Washington was inaugu- 
rated, and was subsequently engaged by Robert Morris as the architect of his house in 
Philadelphia. It was while employed in the latter work that he was instructed by the 
President to pi'epare a plan of the capital city. This he fully completed to the satisfac- 
tion of Washington, but his arrogance and obstinacy caused his dismissal by Jefferson, 



40 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



and the work of carrying out the plan was intrusted to Major Andrew Ellicott. The 
erection of Fort Washington, on the Potomac, at the outbreak of the War of 1812, was 
his hist public work. 

The City. 

Beautiful for situation, Washington, the capital of the United States of America, 
lies on the left bank of the now memorable Potomac, which here flows along the south- 
western side of tlie city, the Anacostia, or Eastern Branch, skirting it on the southeast. 
The mean altitude of the city is about forty feet above the low-water mark of the Poto- 
mac, the surface is undulating, the soil a gravelly yellow clay. Rock creek, which runs 
along a portion of its northwestern side, is flanked by rugged elevations which lift into a 
crescent-shaped ridge that crosses the northern part of the city. From the point where 
the Tiber cuts tli rough it this ridge rises and widens until it becomes the generous plateau 
of Capitol Hill. Thence the surface slopes easily and gracefully down to the Potomac. 




PENSION OFFICE BUILDING. 



The Tiber runs through the city, or under it, rather, and with its tributaries has been 
diverted into the sewerage system of the central and southern sections. It is arched over 
by heavy masonry, which upholds handsome buildings, avenues, streets, and parks. 

Tlie feature that most forcibly strikes and impresses one who visits Washington for 
the first time is the exceptional width of the avenues, streets, and sidewalks. 

A representative city like Washington could not with any propriety be planned 
upon a snuill scale, and its founders did their work wisely and well. The original idea 
and aim contemplated a city of free and splendid proportions, and the intention of 
Washington and his associates has been already practically and fairly realized. In refer- 
ring to the present capital the Philadeli)liia Herald of January 4th, 1795, said: "The 
extent, the disposition of its aveiuies and public scpuires, should all correspond with the 
magnitude of the objects for which it was intended, and we need only cast our eyes upon 



r 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



41 





farragut's statue. 



GEN. SCOTT'S statue. 



the situation and the plan of 
the city to recognize in them 
the comprehensive genius of 
the President, to whom the 
direction of the business has 
been committed by Congress." 
The street and avenue 
area is more than half that 
of the entire city, and in this 
respect, as in many others, 
Washington stands alone 
among the cities of the world. 
By comparison this is the 
showing : The street area of 
Paris is 25 per cent., Boston 
and Berlin, 26 ; Philadelphia, 
29 ; Vienna and New York, 
35, and Washington, 54. 
The citv is divided into rectangular squares by streets running north a.K south, east 
and wet th former being designated by numbers and the latter by letters of tlae alphabet 
Thes steete are cut diagonally, at various angles, by avenues one hundred and sixty fee 
3r Sev ral of these Lverge at the Capitol, which is the geographical centre, some at 
Zwhie House and others run across the city, or a section of it m vanous directions^ 
T es7 ven^^^^^ named after the States of the Union, and almost every point of 

fn e til is an open space, rectangular, triangular, or circular, as the case may be. 
Manr f t^^^^^ spaces have been highly and elegantly improved by statuary, fountain., 
Sberv. flower-beds, etc., their vicinity being remarkable for t^^uperb pr^^^^^^^ 
dences by which they are surrounded. Lafayette Square, north of the Execxiti.e Man 
sr and Scott SquLe, still further north; Lincoln Square, one mile east from the 
l^^i.^^^\2.. Square, on Veri^ont avenue; Franklin, Farragut, and Rawlins 
Capitoi, Mcrne q ^^^^^^^ . Mt. Vernon and Stanton Places; Washing- 

ton, Iowa,' and Thomas Circles are conspicuous among 

others. 

Pennsylvania avenue is the main artery, running 

entirely across the city in a 
southeasterly direction, from ^ ^ 

Kock creek to the Eastern 
Branch, a distance of four and 
a half miles. Broken by the 
' Executive Mansion and the 
Capitol Grounds, it is the fash- 
ionable promenade and drive- 
way and the location of the 
handsomest business houses in 
the city. Its elegant appear- 
ance and condition to-day are a 
startling contrast to what it was 
in the earlier days. Witty and 




WASHINGTON'S STATUE. 




saturnine John Randolph of gen. rawlin's statue. 



^ 



42 C/TY OF WASHINGTON. 



Virginia was wont to characterize it as " the great Serbonian bog," and recount the perils 
of a trip over it in the " Royal George " stage to or from the Union Hotel, at Georgetown. 
During winter and spring, we are told, the roadway was notorious for its ankle-deep mud- 
holes — though it had been graded, mind you, during Jefferson's Administration, at a cost 
of .$14,000 — while the cross streets were a well-nigh " impassable bed of red clay, worked 
by passing horses and wheels into a thick mortar." Daniel Webster, recurring to this 
period, enjoyed the recollection of his own discomfiture on one occasion in particular. 
Himself and a friend were on their way in a hackney-coach to attend a dinnerparty 
at Georgetown, when " the vehicle got stuck in a mud-hole, and the driver had to carry 
his passengers, one at a time, to the sidewalk, where they stood until the empty carriage 
could be pulled out." Mr. Webster confessed to being specially concerned lest his 
" bearer would fall beneath his weight and ruin his dress suit." 



The Capitol. 

It goes without saying, of course, that the United States Capitol is the commanding 
architectural feature and central attraction. As it stands to-day it is one of the largest 
and noblest civic structures in the world. Its proportions are admirable and well-nigh 
perfect. The entire length of the building is 751 feet 4 inches, its breadth, inclusive of 
the steps of the exterior, 324 feet ; th« dome rises to a height of 287 feet 11 inches above 
the base line of the eastern front, and the building covers an area of three and a half 
acres. Capitol Hill, whereon it is built, is about ninety feet above tidewater. The cen- 
tral portion, with a front 352 feet wide, is the original Capitol and is constructed of 
yellowish sandstone painted white. Its corner-stone was laid with becoming Masonic 
ceremony on September 18th, 1793, under the hand of George Washington, Master 
Mason and President of the United States. The plan originated with Dr. William 
Thornton, a West Indian by birth and a civil engineer and draughtsman by profession. 
Stephen Hallet, a Frenchman, was the first superintending architect ; he was succeeded 
by Mr. James Hoban, an Irishman, architect of the Executive Mansion, and Mr. George 
Hadfield, an Englishman, who had so far completed the north wing in 1800 as to render 
it habitable for the Senate and House, the Supreme Court, and the Library. At the end 
of three years the south wing had been built by Mr. Henry B. Latrobe, a Huguenot 
Englishman. These two wings were connected by a wooden scaffolding — instead of the 
Rotunda, as now — and were burned by the British in 1814. The work of rebuilding was 
intrusted to Latrobe, but on his resignation, in 1817, it was turned over to Mr. Cliarles 
Bulfinch, of Boston, and Amei-ican genius finally had its " innings." By him the origi- 
nal Capitol, Avith the Rotunda and a modest dome, was completed in 1827. The central 
portico is 160 feet wide, with a projection of 65 feet, a pediment with a span of 80 feet 
being supported by 24 pillars and 12 pilasters. Its front faces the rising sun, and the 
statue of Freedom upon its dome is the last object for many a mile around, save only the 
capstone of Washington Monument, to reflect its departing rays as daylight drops down 
into the West. 

For nearly a quarter of a century this building was adequate to the purposes of its 
erection. The country had made very material growth during that period, however, which 
necessitated an enlargement of the National headquarters. This came in the shape of the 
extension north and south, the corner-stone of which was laid on the Fourth of July, 1851, 
an occasion that inspired one of the most eloquent orations ever pronounced by Webster. 
The extensions are of white marble flushed with a bluish tint, from the quarries at Lee, 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



4a 



Mass each being connected with the original building by a colonnaded comdor 

iT^r^^ length Each ha. a portico 142 feet 8 inches wide, w,th a pedm.ent of 72 

ft Id 2-> colnmns and 12 pilasters of the Corinthian order. On the north and the 

"ity are trconnterpar^s. 239 feet long, the porticoes being 120 feet w.de, wtth a 

nroieotion of 10 feet 6 inches, the entablature resting upon 10 columns ^ ^ . ._ 

■^ ^ Tew St front of the Capitol is scarcely less impressive than the east. It show. 

three portres the colonnade in the centre being 100 feet wide, with ten co umns and the 

n n ITof pilasters, eight of the former coupled, and the extens.ons l-ve povt^oes 

sWlar to those on the north and south. The dome is -"f -'f ° ^^^ ^f, P^^y 

white. The br,m.e statue of Freedom upon its apex modeled by Crawford and by 

Mills, was placed in position December 3d, 1863, and cost 825,000. 




BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE. 

It is upon the east portico that the Presidents of the United States are inaugurated 
the porch whch eomma,!ds a view of it giving space for the accommodatton of ™- *- 
one hundred thousand persons to witness the imposing ceremony On the south s de >s a 
marble group by SignoJ Pesico. representing The Discovery-Columbus holdmg aloft he 
!^le in hs riJht hand, and under his upraised arm a female figure symbohcnl of the 
! Idian race- wM e on tie south end is Horatio Greenough's Civili.at,on-the Amerrcan 
p'Zr Subduing the Savage. Above, on the tympanum of the port.co, are three co o .al 
fi^rrin sands^ne, the Genius of America in the centre, w.th Hope » ou-^^ f 
Justice on the other. This group is said to have be«„ designed ''y/^» « ^^ and 
In the niches that flank the bronze door are two heroic figures of Wa, and Peace, and 
directly over it Capellano's bust of Washington. ,„, .ififlnOOOO 

The total cost of the Capitol up to the present time approximates $16,000,000. 



44 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



Inside the Capitol. 

Beginning with its famed central portals, the Capitol interior is a history in oil, 
marble, and bronze of our country from its discovery to the present. This door was de- 
signed by Randolph Rogers, a New Yorker, is a marvel of artistic genius and execution, 
and a forcible and graphic depiction of the chief events in the life of Columbus, and his 
discovery of America. It is of bronze, is eighteen feet high by nine feet wide, and con- 
sists of eight panels, besides the semicircular one at the top, sunk within a bronze casint>- 
about one foot in depth. These panels show : The Examination of Columbus before the 
Council of Salamanca, Departure from the Continent, Audience with Ferdinand and Isa- 
bella, Starting from Palos on His First Voyage, Landing at San Salvador, First Inter- 
view with the Natives, Triumphant Entry into Barcelona, Columbus in Chains, and 
Columbus Dying. The casing and sides are ornamented with many busts and statuettes, 
nmny of them symbolical of the contemporaries of the great Genoese. This door was put 
in place in 1861. 

The Rotunda is the centre of the building, and vestibule more fit or impressive does 
n<it exist. Three hundred feet in circumference, it is 190 feet in height, and its walls are 
embellished with historic paintings. There are eight of these panels, each 18 by 12 feet 
in size. 

The first in point of time shows us the landing of Columbus as described bv Wash- 
ington Irving, painted by John Vanderlyn. Then follow Powell's equally familiar 
picture, De Soto's Discovery of the Mississippi, in 1541; John Gadsby Chapman's The 
Baptism of Pocahontas, an event that occurred in 1613 ; the Embarkation of the Pilo-rims 
from Delft-Haven, Holland, July 21st, 1620, painted by Robert Walter Weir ; the four 
remaining paintings Avere executed by Colonel John Trumbull. These have a still 
higher interest and value, since the faces of the memorable men that here look out upon 
us are accurate likenesses, many of the subjects having sat to the artist, while others are 
the faithful reproduction of fiimily i)ortraits. This series consists of the Declaration of 
Independence, at Philadelphia, July 4th, 1776; Surrender of General Burgoyne, at Sara- 
toga, October 17th, 1777; Surrender of Lord Cornwallis, at Yorktown, October 19th, 
1781, and the Resignation of General Washington, at Annapolis, December 23d, 1783. 

I Above these paintings are four medallion heads and as many alto-relievos. The 
former are of Columbus, Cabot, Sir Walter Raleigh, and La Salle. The relievos are over 
the four doorways opening from the Rotunda, and represent the Landing of the Pilgrims 
at Plymouth Rock ; Penn's Treaty with the Indians, in 1686 ; the Preservation of Captain 
Smith by Pocahontas, and the Fight between Daniel Boone and the Indians, in 1775. 

Higher still, above the architrave, and making the entire circuit of the Rotunda, is 
a series of fifteen frescoes, each twenty feet wide, and nine feet high, illustrative of scenes 
in American history. They at once transfix the eye and kindle the admiration by reason 
of their artistic effectiveness and realistic character. Immediately over the west door is 
the traditional figure of America, Avith her spear and shield, the eagle, American Indian, 
and the Genius of History at her feet ; and this is the story the latter records : The 
Landing of Columbus, Cortez entering the Temple of the Sun in Mexico, Burial of De- 
Soto in the Mississippi, Rescue of Captain John Smith by Pocahontas, Debarkation of 
the Pilgrims, Penn's Treaty with the Indians, Industrial Colonization of the New Eng- 
land States, General Oglethorpe and the Indians in Georgia, Battle of Lexino-ton, Decla- 
ration of Independence, Surrender of Lord Cornwallis, Death of Tecumseh, American 
Army entering the City of Mexico, and Laborers in the Gold Mines of California, 

The ceiling of the Dome is decorated with an allegorical painting, styled the Apothe- 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 45 

osis of Washington, by Brumidi. Thirteen female figures represent the original 
States of the Union, while around the margin are War, Agriculture, Mechanics, Com- 
merce, the Arts, the Sciences, portraits of Fulton and Franklin, Morris and Morse, 
figuring among them. 

Old Hall of the House of Representatives. 

South from the Rotunda the chamber is now used as a liall of statuary. Semi- 
circular in form, it is 95 feet long and about 60 feet in width and height. It is 
dedicated to the several States of the Union by special Act of Congress, " in order 
that each State should send the effigies of two of her chosen sons to be placed here per- 
manently." The idea originated with Senator Morrill, of Vermont, when he was a 
member of the House, and is being most successfully carried out. 

The first State to represent itself here was Rhode Island, Avhose contribution was 
made in 1860 — statues in marble of Roger Williams, the apostle of religious liberty, 
and Major-General Nathaniel Greene. 

Connecticut perpetuates in marble Jonathan Trumbull, a chosen friend of Wash- 
ington, who was wont to call him " Brother Jonathan," and Roger Sherman, one of the 
signers of the Declaration of Independence and a member of the Committee of Five 
which reported the draft of it. 

New York State speaks in the bronze forms of George Clinton and Robert R. Liv- 
ingston, one of the Committee of Five, first Chancellor of the Commonwealth, who 
administered the oath of office to Washington on his inauguration as president. 

Massachusetts is represented in marble by Governor John Winthrop and Samuel 
Adams, the latter frequently styled " The Father of the-Revolution." 

Vermont has placed here marble effigies of Colonel Ethan Allen, who ordered the 
surrender of Fort Ticonderoga " in the name of God and the Continental Congress," 
and Jacob Collamore. 

Maine has sent a marble figure of its first governor, William King, who was also 
president of the Convention that framed the Constitution of the State. 

Pennsylvania represents itself in marble, its choice falling upon Robert Fulton 
and John Peter Gabriel Muhlenburgh, minister of the Gospel and a general in the army 
of the Revolution. 

The Government has also placed statuary here. The statue of Colonel Edward D. 
Baker was ordered by Congress. Of English birth, he came in his youth to this country, 
represented Oregon in the United States Senate, and was killed at Ball's Bluff in the 
autumn of 1861. Thomas Jefferson, in bronze, which stood in front of the White House 
for many years ; Horatio Stone's Alexander Hamilton, the Vinnie Ream statue of Lin- 
coln, the bust of Lincoln by Mrs. Sarah Fisher Ames, busts of Kosciusko and Thomas 
Crawford, the sculptor, and a plaster cast of Houdon's Washington also challenge 
attention. 

Looking down from the walls are several life-like portraits. Stuart's Washington, 
and Sully's Thomas Jefferson ; Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, by Chester Harding ; 
Joshua R. Giddings, by Miss Ransom ; Gunning Bedford, Continental Congressman 
from Delaware ; Benjamin West, painted by himself; Henry Clay, and mosaics of Presi- 
dents Lincoln and Garfield. 

In wandering through this hall one's eyes turn again and again to the old marble 
clock over the south doorway, symbolizing the Genius of History making up her Records. 
It was wrought by Franzoni, an Italian, and has been justly designated " the finest piece 
of sculptured work in Washington." 



46 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



The Centennial Safe is not the least object of interest. It contains numerous records 
relating to the first hundred yeax-s of the nation's progress, and was closed in 1876 not to 
be opened until the year 1976. 

House of Representatives. — South, through the corridor, is the hall of the 
House of Representatives, 140 feet long, 95 feet wide, and 40 feet high. The jron ceiling 
is covered with artistic- decorations, light being admitted through glass panels, each of 
which is ornamented witlx the arms of a State. The galleries have a seating capacity of 
some 1,400 persons, and are reached by staircases of Tennessee marble. 

Here, too, are works of art that rivet the attention of the visitor. A full-length 
portrait of Washington by Vanderlyn is on the right of the Speaker's chair, and on the 
left a similar one of Lafayette by Ary Scheifer. On the adjacent walls are Brumidi's 
fresco of Washington at Yorktown refusing Cornwallis' request for an armistice, and two 




THE WHITE HOUSE. 



paintings by Bierstadt — the First Landing of Henry Hudson and the Discovery of 
California. 

At the foot of the eastern staircase to the galleries is a statue of Thomas Jefferson 
by Powers, and on the wall above Carpenter's painting of Lincoln and his Cabinet 
deliberating over the Emancii)ation Proclamation. Similarly placed on the western side 
are a bronze bust of a Chippewa Indian chief and Leutze's painting of Western Emi- 
gration. 

Supreme Court-Room.— That which was the Senate Chamber of half a century 
ago is now the United States Supreme Court-Room. Semicircular in form, it is 75 feet 
long and 45 feet wide and high. On brackets around its walls are busts of the deceased 
Chief Justices of the United States, and in the adjacent robing room are Peale's portrait 
of Chief Justice Marshall, one of John Jay, by Gilbert Stuart, and one of Taney, by 
Healy. 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 47 



Senate Chamber. — This beautiful room is similar in general appearance and 
arrangement to the hall of the House, though somewhat smaller. The skylights in the 
iron ceiling are embellished with symbolical paintings of the mechanical arts, the army, 
navy, and the Union. The Crawford bronze door represents Revolutionary and National 
history— one valve being War, the other Peace. On the former are the battle of Bunker 
Hill and the death of General Warren, 1775; the battle of Monmouth, N. J., 1778, and 
the battle of Yorktown, Va., 1781 ; the other valve contains the ovation to Washington 
at Trenton, N. J., in 1789 ; his first inauguration as President in the same year, the lay- 
ing of the corner-stone of the Capitol in 1793, and the Blessings of Peace. Over this 
door is a marble group of History and Justice, and over the centre of the portico are 
figures representing the progress of American civilization and the decadence of the Indian 
races. These figures are also the work of Crawford. 

Stairways of highly polished white Italian marble lead to the galleries. At the foot 
of the east staircase is a statue of Franklin, by Hiram Powers, while on the wall above 
hangs the Battle of Lake Erie, painted by Powell. Splendid corridors surround the 
galleries on three sides, and here are two paintings by Thomas Moran— the Canon of the 
Yellowstone and the Canon of the Colorado ; II Penserosa in marble, by Mozier ; an 
equestrian likeness of General Scott, by Edward Froye ; a full-length portrait of Henry 
Clay, by Nagle ; over the west staircase is a painting of the Storming of Chapultepec, by 
James Walker, and at its foot a statue of John Hancock, by Stone. 

North of the chamber are several rooms of great elegance. The walls of the Presi- 
dent's Room are hung with portraits of Washington and his Cabinet, while the ceiling is 
covered with symbolic paintings illustrative of Religion, Liberty, Executive Power, and 
Legislative Authority, together with portraits of Columbus, Vespucius, William Brews-^ 
ter, and Franklin. It is here that the President signs Congressional bills at the close of 
the session. 

At the other end of the lobby is the Vice-President's Room, with Peale's famous 
painting of Washington on its south wall. Henry Wilson died here in the fall of 1875. 

The Marble Room, Ladies' Reception Room, and the Senate Post-Office are near by. 
All the Committee Rooms of the Senate and the House are handsomely appointed and 
decorated, those of the Committees on Agriculture, Military, and Naval Aftairs being 
perhaps the most noticeable. On the ground floor of this extension, as on that of the 
House, are a restaurant, bath-rooms, etc., while beneath are the heating and ventilating 
apparatus. 

The entire building is efficiently policed, the force consisting of a representative from 
each State, officered by a captain and three lieutenants. 

Congressional Library.— West from the Rotunda, occupying the western projec- 
tion of the original building, is the Library of Congress. These three halls are of iron, 
inchisiVe of the bookshelves, and the floors are paved with encaustic tiles. The Library 
now contains near 600,000 volumes, besides an enormous number of pamphlets, an aggre- 
gate that is being very rapidly increased by the law which requires that a copy of every 
publication issued shall be placed here when copyrighted. The library was founded in 
the year 1800, and at the time of its destruction by the Capitol fire in 1814 consisted of 
some 3,000 volumes. In the following year Jefferson's library, deemed one of the best 
collections in the country, was purchased by Congress for $23,950. In 1851 it had grown 
to something like 55,000 volumes, 35,000 of which, together with valuable works of art, 
coins, etc., were consumed by fire. In the centre hall Congress placed a bust of Dr. John 
M. Toner, of this city, who donated to this library 30,000 volumes. 



!! . CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



The collection comprises many costly and valuable works of an antiquarian ch.r 
ac^er, among tl.m rare copies of the Bible richly illuminated ; it is replete irCrk'l 
history, pohtical economy, and jurisprudence, being especially rich in Ampvirn Kr 
t.3nsand l.oks and pamphlets relating to Am^ricatJ wl n h^^^^^^^^ 
department of literature and science is well represented aitnou^li e^eiy 

The Library is free to the public for reference and reading, but only members of 
. Congress and certain officials are permitted to remove books from'The halls 

The White House. 
A mile and a half from the Capitol, along Pennsylvania Avennp i« fT,. T7 
Mansion tho private .evidence of tKe President! of f/uS Sta^ n .n^ thelH^r 
I'n^v It ,s situated on elevated ground between 15tl, and 17tl, streets a1 n 
..on o Pennsjdvania and New York avenues. Its norti, front loT;:!; 'fZ:; 
.. .on Lafayette Square and ti.e south down over the beautiful park between i and the 

iToteT" f'Tf"'- .,f""' »f-'-^^'°-.P-"ted white, it 'is twostlrie" i!h and 

180 feet long by 90 feet wide. It was designed after the palaee of the Duke of Le ns er 

n Dnbhn by James Hoban. an Irishnran, and is too familiar to rec, ire a de^kd 

description in these pages. inquire a aetailed 

The corner-stone of the original building was laid October 17th 1792 .nH fl.o fl . 
occupant was President John Adams in the year 1800 .ul '', ''./^^^"^'^^ ^^^ ^'^^ 
Burned bv th. T^.,v i, • iqi. f ^ 1«00, although it was uncompleted. 

of Tout ^30^00^ "^ " '''t'l T ^T""'"' "'"^^^' '^ ^^^ ^-- -^hitect, at a cost 
ot about $302,000, an amount that has been further augmented from time to time to 
somethmg over $800 000. It is elegantly furnished and a;pointed throu^^^ tt nan 
ner befitting the residence of the Chief Executive of a gril republic. ^ 

ilie i.ast Koom is a noble apartment, 80 feet lonff 40 feet wide anri 91 fo^f i,- i, v 

::f eiTe'r ^irr ^"'^ t '''-'-' -' ^^^^ ^^^^^^^ t " 

ous cnaractei. ihis is the room of reception and ceremony West from ,> n,.H fo • 
t e sou . .are the Blue. Green, and Bed Rooms, so eallefbe I 7 h ir prtvaiZ 
t ts and furnuure, the last named being largely used by the family of the PreXelttf 

c:;rt™rti*:r "m^ ,rri\t?;"K-t7""^ '"^ ^-^^^ -""• '-'-- 

etc., are in the ba.se,nent. ^^ ^""'™'' ''''™'^ 'J"'"'*'^' storerooms. 

Portraits of the ex-Presidents grace the walls of the Mansion 
Adjommg the building on the west is the Conservatorv, one of the most deliAtful ' 

rrdSr^tr ^* ^"^ '"-'^™' "—o-^ept aiwaysTtbtit^::: 

IT 

State, War, and Navy Departments. 

^rtX^X::^ "tTTZ ''• ^-^""^^^-- It is designed in accordance 

by 567 I irtl^ r^^^^ ^T • ^' '^^""' ''^"^ ^"'-^""^^ ^--t-' --1 i« 342 feet wide 
by 567 fe.t north and south. Its interior beauty and convenience are of a piece with iti 

h n"yT""hV'f -u-'^ .^'^ '' '^"'"^^^^^^^ ™-^ handsomely and'ex^n^^^^^^^^ 
than any other public building in the country " Portraits of ih. Q , • ^ " '' '''•^ 
look down from its walls. The State Depar ment T H . Secretaries of State 

collection of wn,.t« .. ^- 1 ; f J^epartment Library contains the most complete 

collection of woiks on diplomacy to be found on the continent. The files of American 



CITY OF WASHINGTOK. 



49 



newspapers are full and exhaustive, beginning with 1781, and it is to the care of this 
Department that the original Declaration of Independence is committed. 

The War Department is located in the north front of the building. In addition to 
the oiRce of the Secretary of War, the Adjutant-General, Inspector-General, Quarter- 
master-General, Commissary-General, Surgeon-General, Paymaster-General, the Chief of 
Engineers, and the Chief of Ordnance have their business headquarters here. 

The Navy Department is in the east front. It comprises eight Bureaus, as follows: 
Equipment and Recruiting, Ordnance, Provisions and Clothing, Medicine and Surgery, 
Yards and Docks, Construction and Repair, Navigation, and that of the Engineer- 
in-Chief. 

National Observatory. 

As an important adjunct of our Naval service, the National Observatory commands 




THE WHITE HOUSE — SOUTH FRONT. 



attention. It was founded in 1842, is under the immediate hand of the Bureau of Naviga- 
tion, and is confessedly one of the best in the world. The lofty ground it occupies is 
located directly on the Potomac near the southwestern end of New York avenue, and is 
ninety-six feet high. It w^as formerly known as Peter's Hill, and also as Camp Hill, 
the latter derived from the fact that General Braddock encamped his forces here in 1755 
previous to the expedition he had undertaken, and that the Federal troops for the defense 
of Washington in 1814 were stationed here. The Observatory library is exceedingly 
valuable, and the "Great Equatorial Telescope," mounted in 1873, cost $,47,000. 

Navy Yard. — Situated on the Anacostia, a short distance west of the bridge, the 
Washington Navy Yard is a point of no inconsiderable interest. The grounds comprise 
about tvv«uty-seven acres, and the yard was formally established by Congressional enact- 



50 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

meut in March, 1804. Recently the yard has been more prominent for its manufacture 
of naval supplies than for naval construction. There are a few " Monitors " at the 
wharves, several large workshojis and foundries. The museum is full of objects of special 
value, more or less identified with the exploits of our navy, and about the yard are some 
i*are pieces of ordnance, one being a cannon used by Cortez in his conquest of Mexico, 
and also a mortar captured at Yorktown at the surrender of Cornwallis. | 

The Patent Office. ' 

The Patent Office Building, in which much of the work connected Avith the Depart-j 
ment of the Interior is performed, covers two squares, from Seventh to Ninth and from Fi 
to G streets. It measures 410 feet from east to west, and 275 feet from north to south. It is 
Doric in architecture, and in the original plan of the city the ground on which it stands 
was reserved for the building of a grand national church. The present structure was 
commenced in 1837. The south front, built of freestone painted white, was the earliest 
built, and was designed by Mr. Wm. F. Elliott and executed by Robert Mills. The east 
Aving was authorized in 1849, was commenced by Mr. Mills, and completed by Mr. 
Edward Clark, the architect of the Capitol, in 1864. The new portions are of Maryland 
marble. The building contains 190 rooms, and cost $2,700,000. In December, 1876, a 
fire consumed the building then occupied by the Patent Office, situated where the Post- 
Office Department now stands, and the models accumulated during forty-six years were 
all destroyed. Another fire occurred here September 24th, 1877, in which many thou- 
sands of models were destroyed. In this building is the office of the secretary of the 
interior, who has charge of afibirs connected Avith patents, public lands, i^ensions, Indians, 
census, education, and beneficiary asylums in the United States ; also supervisory control 
over the architect of the Capitol. The building is not large enough to accommodate all 
the offices connected Avith the department, and several rented buildings have been brought 
into its service. 

Post-Office Department. 

This building occupies the Avhole square betAveen Seventh and Eighth and E and F 
sti-eets, and is directly opposite the Patent Office. It is constructed of Avhite marble, from 
New York and Maryland quarries, and is of a modified Corinthian order of architecture. It 
is said to be the best representation of the Italian palatial in America, and recalls remem- 
brance of a Florentine palace. It measures 300 feet north and south and 204 feet east 
and Avest. In the centre of the front facing Eighth street, over the carriage gateway, is an 
interesting specimen of carving, representing " the railroad and the telegraph." The site 
of the south side of the Post-Office Department Avas, early in the history of the city, 
occupied by a brick building, projected by Mr. Samuel Blodgett, an unsuccessful specu- 
lator, for a hotel. It Avas put up, as the historian states, out of the proceeds of a lottery 
authorized to be draAvn, but not completed. The OAvners of the prize tickets Avere orphan 
children, Avho, not having the means of completing the building, suffered it to remain in 
an unfinished and dilapidated state. It was here the first theatrical entertainments Avere 
given in the National Capital. In 1810 it was bought by the Government, and in 1814— 
15, after the burning of the Capitol, Congress held one session in its upper story, while 
in the second story the Patent Office Avas for years accommodated. The loAver story AA'as 
occupied by the General and City Post-Offices until December 15th, 1836, Avhen the 
building Avas destroyed by fire. In 1839 the south portion of the present building was 
commenced by Robert Mills, and in 1855 the new extension Avas begun. The Postmaster- 
General's Office is in the story above the basement on the south side. The Dead Letter 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



51 



Office is an interesting feature of the department, to enter which requires a pass, easily 
obtained from the chief clerk. The City Post-Office is uoav located on Louisiana 
avenue. 

The Treasury Department 

is on the east side of the White House. It has four fronts, each facing a point of the 
compass. These, including porticoes and steps, measure 582 by 300 feet. The east front, 
which was first built, is of Virginia freestone, and presents an extended colonnade. The 
remainder is of granite from Dix Island, Maine. The cost of the entire structure, as 
stated in a recent report, was $6,837,722.28. In 1814 the Treasury shared the same fate 
of the other public buildings, and was burned on the invasion of the city. It is said that 
President Jackson indicated with his cane the site of the present structure. It was com- 




SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTE. 



menced in 1836, and the last extension was completed in 1855. The building contains 
195 rooms. The cash room is the most beautiful of any, and well worth a visit. The 
vaults are of steel and chilled iron, and about 15 by 20 feet in size. A permit can be 
readily secured by means of which these vaults can be seen. 

The Department of Justice, 

situated opposite the Treasury, is a handsome building, originally erected for the Freed- 
raan's Bank. This department was created in June, 1870, and is presided over by the 
United States attorney-general. All Government prosecutions are conducted by it, and 
subordinate to it are the officers of the District and Circuit Courts of the United States, 
the Reform School, Metropolitan Police, and Jail of the District of Columbia, and the 
various law officers of the national departments. The principal objects of interest here 



62 CITY OF WASHING TON. 

is the gallery of portraits of the attorneys-general of the United States. The Court of 
Claims is also accommodated in this building. 

The Court-House 

(formerly the City Hall) is situated opposite the northern terminus of Four-and-a-Half street, 
on Judiciary square. Here all the courts of the District are held, with the exception of the 
Police Court, which is held in the building at the northeast corner of Sixth and D streets, 
N. W., which was formerly used for worship by the Unitarian Society. In front of the 
Court-House, on a marble column, is a statue of President Lincoln, by Lot Flannery, of 
Washington, erected by contributions of citizens. 

The Reform School 

is situated on Lincoln's Hill (a fort of that name had occupied the site during the war), 
on the Washington and Baltimore turnpike. It is for boys, and attached is a farm of 
150 acres. 

The Agricultural Bureau 

is situated between the Smithsonian Institution and the Washington Monument grounds, 
between Twelfth and Fourteenth streets, S. W. It is of brick, with brownstone trim- 
mings, 170 by 61 feet in dimensions, and was designed by Adolph Cluss and finished in 
1868. It bears a striking resemblance to what the Palace of Versailles was when only a 
hunting chateau, before Louis XIV expended upon it the revenues of a kingdom. This 
bureau Avas established May 15th, 1862. There are extensive structures built for experi- 
mental gardening, known as Plant-Houses, designed *by Mr, Saunders, " superintendent 
of gardens," and there is also an Agricultural INIuseum of great interest. 

The Bureau of Engraving and Printing 

is located on an eminence but a short distance southwest of the Agricultural Building. 
Here the printing of Government bonds, greenbacks, national bank notes, internal revenue 
stamps, etc., is done. No place in Washington is more attractive to visitors. The 
building is very handsome in itself, and cost upward of $700,000. There are over twelve 
hundred employees. 

The Government Printing Office 

is at the corner of North Capitol and H streets, four stories high, and measures 300 by 
175 feet. It is undoul:)tedly the largest i:)rinting establishment in the world. All the 
public documents are printed here, and every modern invention to facilitate rapid and 
perfect printing and binding is here in use. There are over one thousand persons 
employed in the building, and the volumes issued each year reach hundreds of tons in 
weight and many millions of copies. 

The Smithsonian Institution 

is one of the most interesting places to visit in the city. The Institution was the bequest 
of an English gentleman, James Smithson, as " an establishment for the increase and dif- 
fusion of knowledge among men." The original bequest was $515,169, and it was 
accepted by Congress in 1836. The corner-stone was laid in 1847, and the structure was 
completed in 1856, at a cost of $150,000. It is built of red sandstone, and its extreme 
length from east to west is 447 feet ; the breadth of the centre, including carriage porch, 
is 160 feet. It has numerous towers, and reminds one of Holyrood, th§ palace of the old 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



53 



Scotch kings. It was designed by James Renwick, Jr., of New York. The style is Nor- 
man, in use about the end of the twelfth century. The grounds, extending from Seventh 
to Twelfth streets, Avere laid out by Mr. Andrew Jackson Downing, a landscape gardener 
of high reputation, who died while prosecuting the work. There is a beautiful vase to 
his memory erected here. The Institution publishes and distributes original works on 
general and special science, and is engaged in extensive meteorological investigations. 

The National Museum, 

adjoining it on the east, is an interesting place to visit, being filled with valuable 
curiosities from every part of the world. The building is 300 feet square, and cost some 
$300,000. It was here the Garfield inauguration ball was held in I6bl. It now con- 




MOUNT VKRNON. 



tains the Centennial exhibits and donations of foreign governments to the United 
States. 

The Pension Office 

is the latest addition to the list of public buildings in this city, and is a decided novelty 
in the style of its architecture. It is situated on the north front of Judiciary square, 
corner of G and Sixth streets, N. W. It is built of brick, the exterior being faced with 
pressed bricks, and the ornamentation is composed of molded and intaglio bricks and 
terra-cotta. It is an immense structure, three stories in height, and surmounted by a 
mammoth observatory. The ornamental frieze placed above the windows of the first 
story girts more than one-fourth of a mile. This frieze is of terra-cotta, and is enriched 
with designs representing incidents of the late war. Some of the figures depict infantry 
marching, cavalry, artillery, and wagon trains in motion, while others have pictures of 



54 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



cannon, shot, and exploding shells. The brick in the building wer6 selected from com- 
peting bidders, who were required to submit samples, which were tested at the United 
States Arsenal in Watertown, Mass., by compression between cast-iron platforms after 
the faces of the samples had been ground flat. 

On the high ground overlooking the city, on the south side of the Anacostia river^ 
is located the Government Hospital for the Insane, otherwise known as 

St. Elizabeth's Hospital. 

In the distance it looks like a large feudal castle. It Avas opened in 1855, and cost 
$988,846.35. There is attached to it an estate of 419 acres, a portion of Avhich is culti- 
vated by the patients. Miss Dix, the well-known philanthropist, took an active part in 
urging the establishment of this great Government benevolence. Xearly one thousand 
persons are accommodated within its walls. An iron bridge across the Anacostia, near 
the Navy Yard, affords access to the Hospital. 

The Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 

otherwise known as the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, is situated on 
"Kendall Gi'een," in a northeasterly direction from the Capitol, and is reached by 
Seventh street east, or M street north. Hon. Amos Kendall, postmaster-general in 
President Jackson's Cabinet, donated, late in life, a few acres, and a small building first 
occupied by the institution, which w^as incorporated in 1857, and has since been mainly 
supported by Congress. In 1864 a collegiate department was created, which has since 
rapidly increased in efficiency. In 1870 the Board of Trustees purchased an additional 
82 acres of Kendall Green property for $85,000, payable in four years. The property is 
now valued at $350,000. 

The Soldiers' Home 

is, perhaps, the most popular suburban resort to the citizens of Washington, as well as to 
visitors in the city. It is, in object, somewhat similar to that of the Hotel des Invalides 
at Paris. To General Winfield Scott is the military service indebted, in ^reat part, for 
the suggestion and endowment of the Soldiers' Home. On March 3d, 1851, not long 
after the termination of the Mexican War, Congress donated $118,719, the unused bal- 
ance in the Treasury of the sum levied by General Scott on the City of Mexico, to aid 
in the establishment of the Home. To this sum is added forfeitures, fines, and a tax of 
twelve cents per month on each inmate. The main building is of marble, three stories 
high, with a frontage of 200 feet. There are also several beautiful marble cottages, the 
residences of the officers, clustered around it. In summer time Presidents Pierce, 
Buchanan, Lincoln, and Hayes resided here. The grounds embrace 500 acres, and are 
most beautifully laid out. The drive within the inclosure extends seven miles. On the 
brow of the hill facing the city is a bronze statue of General Scott, ten feet high, 
designed by Launt Thompson, and erected by the Home in 1874 at a cost of $18,000. 
From this point can be seen the city, the Potomac, and the hills of Virginia, making one 
of the most extensive views in this section. The National Military Cemetery adjoins the 
Home, and was established in 1861. It is a sad memorial of the war, and contains the 
graves of 5,153 Union and 271 Confederate dead, the names of 279 of whom are 

unknown. 

The Washington Monument 

is a marked feature in viewing the city, and is noted as beiug the highest monumental 
shaft in the world. It is a marble obelisk, situated on a bluff on the Potomac liver, 
near the northwest terminus of Virginia avenue. It is the spot which General Wash- 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



55 



::nn.?s:TiT;ff;5;'^"" 




ffif 

JftJafe 
"mllLM"l '" 




EMANCIPATION. 



JACKSON'S STATUE. 



^ CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



mgton mdicated as h,s choice for the erection of the statue which the Continental Con 
gress had voted ,„ honor of his services. In 1835 the Washington Monument Tiocia" 
t.on was formed, w.th Chief Justice Marshall a« president. The accepted dTl f™ T." 
monument to the memory of Washington was the idea of Robert M^-aTfl^ 1^ 
from a rotunda to the height of 600 feet-designed to be the highest structure ever rearf 
by man, excepting the Tower of Babel. The corner-stone was lai.l July Tth 1848 w^ 
an address by Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, of Massachusetts, speaker of the Hon e of 
Representafves. There had been collected for continuing thl work J2,30 000 Thl 
fund was soon exhausted and work was suspended before the culmination of the late 
men ed ::d thTTft ' ">-f ^ ^P^Priations for the purpose, work was re^ot 

ThrelT T ".""'P'""^ =" " ''"'S"" "f ■'■'•^ fe*^' °" December 6th, 1884 

The capstone .s a cuncform keystone, its height from base to top being 5 feet 2J inches 
and ,ts weight ,3,300 pounds. The apex of the monument is engraved with appopriate 
mscnptions, settmg forth the names of the engineers, architect' and master 'worCn 

Iu3oZ f , M """""'T' ""•' "'^ ^'"^ "' ■'^ '•""«'«-• i'» ™«« cost w" 
«l,l.iO,000, of which amount Congress appropriated $900,000. 

The Corcoran Art Gallery, 
at the corner of .Seventeenth street and Pennsylvania avenue, is a notable place of resort 
for visi oi-s the cty. The bnilding is the gift of Mr. W. W. Corcoran a r dre<l b nke 
and philanthropist of Washington, to the United States. It is in the Rei latsale stvlT 

Belt" l' T 1°'" 't'-'/"i' ""' '''' *■"' ■" *-™"™-' »'» l>anlom!lT n ed t'h 
B le ille freestone. With the building was also given Mr. Corcoran's own priva e art 
collection, and an endowment fund of $900,000, the interest of which is to b exp ided 
o ncrease the collection. Facilities for copying the works of the gallery are3ianv 
extended to ar ,s s and students on certain conditions. It is open daify, and oi Tn "vs 
Thu ..days, and .Saturdays the admission is free, a fee of twenly-five ce its being ha ted 

a:;t;taLb"e:" ''°"^"'°" "' ""'"""-'^' •'^""""-«' "^ '^"- '« exceedliitfl:' 

Howard University 

W^iliroT'T '^'"'"' '" the hill, near the ternunus of the Seventh street 
hoi.e lailroad ronte. It was incorporated in 1867, and named in compliment to General 
O O. Howard, then a director of the Freedman's Bureau. The pupils are mostly of the 
colored race, and its corps of teachers are noted for their intellig ne'e and cX Tkl 
value of the property is about $600,000. cuixure. ine 

Freedmen's Asylum is in the near neighborhood of the University. 

Among the numerous other 

Educational Institutions 

of the city are the following, viz. : 

the llted !,, f '1 '■"'^^-.™'™»'' ■■'""- The grounds embrace forty acres, and 
nco"rt d int^l " " .« W00,000. It was first founded by the Baptists, 
Trpo'e al7„ ,873 ; b '''"""'"'^f .'" 1»22. During the war it was used for ho'spita 
the chief h tii , , 1 V '""' "University. The president of the United States and 

tIn22mL , ■^T""' ^°""'' ""' '"'"""•"'•y """"^"^ »'■"'« Board of Trustees. 
tI^ r /i ' Ci-'^^. connected with the Universitv, is on H street between 
Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets, N. W., and was founded in 1824. The pr^ent b ,d" 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



57 



ing was presented by Mr. AV. \V. Corcoran in 1864. The Law Department of the Uni- 
versity, established in 1826, is on Fifth, between D and E streets, N. W., opposite Judi- 
ciary square. 

Gonzaga College was founded as a seminary in 1848, incorporated a University in 
1858, and is conducted by Fathers of the Society of Jesus. It is located on I street,, 
between North Capitol and First, N. W. 

The public schools of Washington are not surpassed by those of any city in the 
Union, and have made themselves felt not only in the character and trained ability of the 
native citizens who have gone forth from her institutions as representative men, but have 
also greatly added to the attractions of the city as a place of residence. Large and gen- 
erous action on the part of Congress has developed a superior system of public schools, 
which are closely watched and carefully guarded by an efficient superintendent and 
Board of Trustees. The headquarters of the Board is in the Franklin Public School 
Building, at the corner of Thirteenth and K streets, N. W. 




POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 

The Franklin School is located opposite Franklin Park, and is an imposing and sub- 
stantial brick building three stories high, and contains fourteen school-rooms. 

The Jefferson, at the corner of Sixth and D streets, S. W., is the largest school 
building in the city, was erected in 1872, and can accomnwdate twelve hundred scholars. 

The Seaton, on I, between Second and Third streets, N. W., was erected in 1871. 
This site was occupied by the Stanton Hospital during the late war. 

The other prominent public schools in the city are : The Analostan, Twenty-first and 
G streets, N. W.; The Miner, Seventeenth and Q streets, N. W. ; The Wallack, Eighth 
street and Pennsylvania avenue, S. E. ; The Lincoln, Second and C streets, S. E. ; The 
Curtis, O, near Thirty-second, W. AV.; The Randall, First and I streets, S.W.; The 
Amidon, Sixth and G streets, S. W. ; The Abbott, corner New York avenue and Sixth 
streets, N. ^Y. ; The Crauch, corner Twelfth and G streets, S. E. ; The Sumner, corner 
Seventeenth and M streets, N. W. 



58 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



The Benevolent Institutions 

of "Washington are many and important. They are supported mainly by private contri- 
butions, though in some instances they are aided by appropriations from the District 
Treasury. 

The National Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home is located on G street, between 
Seventeenth and Eighteenth streets, N, W., and was incorporated in 1866. The amount 
appropriated by Government was $77,381.25, and its affairs were in charge of a board of 
lady managers. No applicants are received under six years old, nor kept after sixteen 
years. 

Washington City Orphan Asylum, at the corner of Fourteenth and S streets, N. W. 
was founded in 1815. Mrs. Dolly Madison was first directress and Mrs. Van Ness 
(Marcia Burns) second. It was incorporated in 1828, and is under the control of benevo- 
lent Protestant ladies. 

The Children's Hospital, on W, between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets, N. W., was 
incorporated in 1871. Its object is to provide free surgical and medical treatment for 
the poor children of the District, and is under the patronage of tlie benevolent. A free 
dispensary is connected with it. Sundays, Tuesdays, and Fridays, from three to five p. M., 
are visiting days. The building is a very handsome one, was designed by Mr. Jno. C. 
Harkness, and is valued at $23,000. 

Louise Home, on Massachusetts avenue between Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets, was 
erected in 1871, and is the gift of the wealthy philanthropist, Mr. W. W. Corcoran'. It 
provides an elegant home for reduced gentlewomen, and its inmates are invited by the 
lady directresses. It cost $200,000, and has an endowment of $250,000. It accommo- 
dates fifty-five persons, and is open to visitors every week-day after twelve noon. 

Providence Hospital was founded in 1862 by the Sisters of Charity, and is one of the 
really benevolent institutions of great value to this community. It is situated at the cor- 
ner of D and Second streets, S. E., and is a magnificent building. Its accommodations 
for pay patients are ample and excellent, and it is furnished with a fine library, reading- 
room, and chapel. 

St. John's Hospital, for children, is situated on H, between Nineteenth and Twen- 
tieth streets, N. W., and is under the direction of the St. John's Sisterhood of the Episco- 
pal Church. It has received an appropriation of $25,000 from Government. 

St. Ann's Infant Asylum, for children less than five years, was founded in 1863, and 
is under the management of the Sisters of Charity. It is located at the corner of K and 
Twenty-fourth streets, and has a lying-in hospital attached. 

There are also St. Joseph's Male Orphan Asylum, on H between Ninth and Tenth 
streets, N. W.; St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum, on the southwest corner of G and 
Tenth streets, N. W. ; the Visitation Academy, on Connecticut avenue, between L and 
M streets, N. W. ; the Academy of the Holy Cross, on Massachusetts avenue, between 
Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets, N. W.; the Epiphany Church Home, on H, between 
Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets, N. W. ; the Home for the A^ed Poor, on the corner 
of Third and H streets, N. E.; and the Women's Christian Association, at Thirteenth and 
K streets, N. W. 

Religion, education, and charity go hand in hand, and are ecjually well represented 
in the National Capital. Washington is justly celel)rated for the richness of its church 
edifices, as well as for their large number and excellent seating accommodations. 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



59 



The following is a complete list of 

The Churches of the City, 



with the denominsitions alphabetically arranged, 



VIZ. 



BAPTiST.-First Baptist, Thirteenth street, between G and 

TT streets N W^. 
Second Church, corner of Virginia avenue and Fourth 

street S E 
E. Street Church, south side, between Sixth and Seventh 

streets N W 
Calvary Church, corner of H and Eighth streets, N. \V^ 
Fifth Baptist Church, D street, near Four-and-a-Half 

street S W. 
North Baptist Church, Fourteenth street, near R street, 

N W 
Kendall Mission Chapel, corner Thirteen-and-a-Half and 

V) streets S W 
calvary Mission Chapel, comer of Fifth and P streets, 

Metropolitan Baptist Chapel (erected 1875), S. W. corner of 
A and Sixth streets, N. E. 

Gay Street Baptist, corner of Congress and Gay, George- 
town. 



St. Paul's Church (Ritualistic), Twenty-third street, N. 

W , south of Pennsvlvania-avenue Circle. 
Church of the Holy Communion, Twenty-second street, 

near E street, X. W. 
Church of the Holy Cross, corner of Nineteenth and P 

streets N. AV. 
St. Andrew's Church, Fourteenth and Corcoran streets. 

N.W. 

St. James' Parish, services in the house, No. 819 H street, 

N. E. 

St. Paul's Church (Rock Creek), near Soldiers' Home. 
1 Emanuel Church, Washington street, Uniontown. 

Christ Church, corner Congress and Beall streets, George- 
town. 

St. John's Church, Second and Potomac streets, George- 

' town. 
Grace Church, High, between Bridge and Water streets 

Georgetown. 
St. Alban's, High street extended, Georgetown. 



Baptist Colored CHURCHES.-Secoud Baptist, Third 

street, near I street, N. W. 
Third Baptist, Franklin, between P and Q streets, N. W . 
Fourth Baptist, R street, between Twelfth and Thirteenth , 

streets, N. W. 1 

Fifth Baptist, Vermont avenue, between Q and R streets, 

N.W. 
Sixth Baptist, near corner of Sixth and G streets, S. A^ . 
Nineteenth Street, corner of Nineteenth and I streets, 

N. W. 
Shiloh, L street, between Sixteenth and Seventeenth 

streets, N. W. 
Rehoboth, First street, near O street, S. W. 
Mt. Zion, F street, between Third and Four-and-a-Half 

streets, S. W. 
Liberty Church, E street, corner of Eighteenth, N. W. 
Abyssinian, Vermont avenue, corner of R street, N. W. 
L-Street Baptist, corner of Fourth and L streets, N. W. 
Enon, corner of Sixth street and South Carolina avenue, 

Mt.' Olivet Baptist Church, Sixth street between L and 

M,N. E. ^ I 

First Baptist Church, Dumbarton and Monroe streets, j 

Georgetown. 
Christadelphian Synagogue.— Christadelphian Syna- 
gogue, Circuit-Court Room, City Hall. 
Christian.— Memorial Church, Vermont avenue,'between 

N and O streets, N. W. 
CONGREGATIONAL.-First Congregational Church, corner of 

Tenth and G streets, N. W. 
Episcopal.— St. John's Church, corner of Sixteenth and H 

streets, N. W. 
Epiphany Church, G street, between Thirteenth and 

Fourteenth streets, N. W. 
Trinity Church, corner of Third and C streets, N. W. 
Church of the Ascension, corner of Massachusetts avenue 

and Twelfth street, N. W. 
Christ Church, G street, between Sixth and Seventh, S. E. 
Grace Church, D street, between Eighth and Ninth, S. W. 
Church of the Incarnation, corner of Twelfth and N streets, 

N. W. 
St. Mark's Church, Third street, between A and B streets, 

S. E. 



Episcopal (CoLORED).-St. Mary's Chapel, Twenty-third 

street, between H and I streets. 
EPISCOPAL (REFORMED).-No settled place of worship. 
FRIENDS' MEETING HousES.-Meetiug House (Hicksite), I 

street, between Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets, 

N. W., north side. 
Meeting House (Orthodox), Thirteenth street, between R 

and S streets, N. W. 

GERMAN REFORMED CHURCH.-First Reformed Church, 
corner of Sixth and N streets, N. W. German service in 
the morning ; English service in the evening. 

HEBREW SYNAGOGUES.-Congregation Adas Israel (Ortho- 
dox), corner of Sixth and G streets, N. W. Services 
every Friday evening at sunset, and every Saturday at 

8 A M. and 4 p. m. 
Washington Hebrew Congregation, Eighth street, between 

H and I streets, N.W. Services Friday evening at < 

o'clock and Sabbath (Saturday) morning at 9 o clock. 
LUTHERAN.-St. Paul's Church (English) corner of 

Eleventh and H streets, N. W. , ^ , ., 

Memorial Church (English), corner of N and Fourteenth 

streets ^ W. , 

German Evangelical Congregation of Trinity Unaltered 

Augsburg Confession, corner of Fourth and E streets. 

Geraan Evangelical Church, corner of Twentieth and G 

streets, N. W. TT„if 

German Evangelical, St. John's Church, Four-and-a-Half 

street, S. W. ^ . .. a r- 

Capitol-Hill Mission, First street, near C street, S.E. 
German Evangelical Association, Sixth street, between L 

and M streets, N. W. 
Lutheran Church, corner of High and Fourth streets, 

Georgetown. 

Methodist EPiscoPAL.-Metropolitan, corner Four-and-a- 
Half and C streets, N. W. ,„.„„t« 

Foundry Church, corner of Fourteenth and G street., 

Wesley Chapel, corner of Fifth and F streets, N. W. 
McKendree Church. Massachusetts avenue, between 

Ninth and Tenth streets, N. W. 
Ryland Chapel, corner of Tenth and D streets, S. W. 



60 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



Union Chapel, Twentieth street, near Pennsylvania ave- 
nue. N. W. 

Waugh Chapel, corner of Third and A streets. N. E. 

Hamline Church, corner of Ninth and P streets, N. W. 

Grace Chapel, corner of Ninth and S streets, X. W. 

Fourth-Street Church, Fourth street, between South Caro- 
lina avenue and G street, S. E. 

Twelfth-Street Church, corner of Twelfth and E streets 
S. E. 

Fletcher Chapel, corner of New York avenue and Fourth 
street, N. W. 

Gorsueh Chapel, corner of L and Four-and-a-Half streets, 

S. W. 
Providence Chapel, corner of Second and I streets, N. E. 
Mt. Zion Chapel, corner of Fifteenth and R streets, N. W. 
McKendree Mission, H street, between Eighth and' Ninth 

streets, N. E. 
Memorial M. E. Chapel, 1878, H and Eleventh streets, N. E. 
Uniontown, nearly opposite the Navy- Yard. 
Dumbarton Street, between Congress and High streets 

Georgetown. ' 

West Georgetown Church, corner of Fayette and Seventh 

streets, Georgetown. 

Methodi.st Episcopal SouTH.-Mount Vernon Church, 
corner Ninth and K streets, N. W. 

Methodlst PROTE.STANT. -Methodist Protcstant Church 

on Ninth street, between E and F streets, N. W. ' 

First M. P. Church, Virginia avenue, near Navy- Yard 
M. P. Mission, corner of Eighth street and North Carolina 

avenue, S. E. 
Congress-Street Church, between Bridge and Gay streets 

Georgetown. ' 

Mount Pleasant Church, corner of Fayette and High 

streets, Georgetown. 

Methodlst Colored CHiiRCHEs.-Wesley Zion, D street 

between Second and Third streets, S. W. 
Union Wesley, Twenty-third, near L street, N. W 
John We.sley, Connecticut avenue, near L street, N W 
Galbraith Chapel, L street, between Fourth and Fifth 

streets, N. W. 
Israel Bethel, corner of B and First streets, S \\ 
Union Bethel, M street, between Fifteenth and Sixteenth 

streets, N. W. 
St. Paul's Chapel, Eighth street, between D and E streets, 

Mt. Pisgah Chapel, Tenth street, between Q and R streets 
N. W. 

Asbury, corner of Eleventh and K streets, N. W. 

Ebenezer, corner of D and 4th streets, S. E. 

Asbury Mission, corner Boundary and' Ninth .streets N W 

Ebenezer A. M. E. Church, Beall street, between Mont- 
gomery and Monroe streets, Georgetown. 

Mt. Zion M. E. Church, West street, Georgetown 

A, M. E. Church, Hillsdale, D. C. 

A. M. E. Church, Cfood Hope, D. C. 



PRESBYTERiAN.-First Presbyterian Church, Four-and-a- 
Half street, between Louisiana avenue and C street N W 

TH-?'\:^'''T'' ^''"'■"^' ^"^' ^'^'-'^ ^^^"^e. beiweea 
Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets N W 

Fourth Church, Ninth street, between ' G and H streets. 

N. VV. '' 

Assembly's Church, corner of Fifth and I streets N W 
Sixth Church, Sixth street, near Maryland avenue 's W 
Western Presbyterian Church, H street, between ' Nine- 
teenth and Twentieth streets, N. W., near Pennsylvania 
avenue. ' 

Metropolitan Presbyterian Church, corner of Fourth and 
B streets, S. E. 

Westminster Presbyterian Church, Seventh street be- 
tween D and E streets, S. W. 

North Presbyterian, on N street, between Ninth and 
Tenth streets, N. W. 

Reformed Presbyterian, First street, between N and O 
streets, S. W. 

Central Presbyterian, corner of Third and I streets N W 

Eastern Presbyterian, Eighth street, between F and G 
streets, N. E. 

Gurley Mission, Boundary, near Seventh street N W 

West-Street Presbyterian Church, between Congress and 
High streets, Georgetown. 

Presbyterian (Colored). -Fifteenth-Street Presbyterian 
Church, Fifteenth street, between I and K streets, N. W. 



ROM.^N CATHOLic.-St. Patrick's Church, between Ninth 
and Tenth streets, N. W. The oldest Roman Catholic 
Church in Washington. 

St. Peter's church, corner of Second and C streets S E 
Built on ground donated by Daniel Carroll, of Dudding- 
ton, one of the largest original proprietors of the Fed- 
eral City. 

St. Matthew's Church, corner of Fifteenth and H streets 
N. W. ' 

St. Mary's Church (German), Fifth street, near H street 

N. W. ' 

St. Dominic's Church, corner of Sixth and E streets S W 

St. Aloysins Church, corner North Capitol and I streets' 

N. W. ' 

Church of the Immaculate Conception, corner of Eighth 

and N .streets, N. W. 
St. Stephen's Church, corner of Pennsylvania .-venue 

and Twenty-fifth streets, N. W. 
St. Joseph's Church (German), corner of Second and C 

streets, N. E. 

Trinity Church, corner of First and Lingan streets George- 
town. 
St. Teresa, Uniontown. 

Roman Catholic (CoLORED).-St. Augustine's Church, Fif- 
teenth street, near L street, N. W. 

UNITARIAN.-All Soul's Church, corner of Fourteenth and 
L streets, N. W. 

UNIVERSALIST.-Southeast corner of Thirteenth and L 
streets. 

Young Men's Christian As,sociation.— New York avenue 
west of Fourteenth street. * 



New JERUSALEM.-Temple of the New Jerusalem Church 
North Capitol street, between B and C streets N e' 
Seats free. ' 

There are a large number of first-class 

Hotels 

!k"f I' ::'"'' ''-7.--W--<'e reput.u!o„ for the excellence of their acco™™„- 
dat,ons and the success of thc.r management. Prominent among them are the following. 



VIZ 



Arlington, on Vermont avenue ; capacity, 325 guests 

Ebbitt, corner F and Fourteenth streets, N. W. ; capacity, 350 guests. 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



61 



Harris House, E street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets, N. W. ; capacity, 

^^^ irtmes, corner Pennsylvania avenue and Sixth street, K W ; European plaj. 

St. Marc, corner Pennsylvania avenue and Seventh street, f J- = f -P^ P^^^ . 
Metropolitan, on Pennsylvania avenue, between Sixth and Seventh streets, N. W. , 

"'tS^Tpennsylvania avenue, corner Sixth street, N. W. ; capacity, 500. 
Riggs House, corner Fifteenth and G streets, N. W. 
Tremont, corner Second street and Indiana avenue. 

Willard's, on Pennsylvania avenue and Fourteenth streets, N. W. ; capacity, 500. 
Wormley's, on Fifteenth and H streets, N. W. ; capacity, 150. 




BUREAU OF ENGRAVING AND PRINTING. 

There are other hotels of lower prices, suited to all classes of persons. 

Railway Facilities. 
For South North, East, and West, trains leave on the Baltimore and Potomac rail- 
Toad, from the depot at the corner of B and Sixth streets, N. W., near Pennsylvania 

*™tr East, North, and West, trains leave on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, from 
the depot at the corner of C street and New Jersey avenue, near the Capitol. 

Horse-Car Routes. 
Columbia railway. From the Treasury, Fifteenth street and New York avenue, 
to H street, and Boundary, N. E. It intersects the Metropolitan at Ninth street, and 
the Seventh street line at Seventh street. ■ 



62 



CJTY OF WASHINGTON 



Metropolitan railway. From Seventeenth street, south to Pennsylvania avenue 
near the State Department, to Senate wing of Capitol. 

Georgetown and East Capitoi street branch of this route runs from Georgetown 
near the Convent, to Lincoln square. g«Lo\\n, 

Ninth street branch, from northern terminus of Ninth street to the Arsenal eate 
Silver Sprmg branch, from northern terminus of Seventh street, route to the roarl 
leading to Soldiers' Home and Rock Creek Church. 

AVashington and Georgetown railway, main branch. At the corner of Penn^vlvania 
avenue and Fi.t street, N. W. ; passengers going to or coming fron. the Baltim re a d 
Uhio depot are transferred ivithout extra charge. 

Fourteenth street branch. From the Treasury, Fifteenth street, and New York 
avenne, to he Boundary north. Exchange tickets given for Pennsvlvania avenue li" e 
Seventh street branch. Front the Boundary north to the river front. Exchange 
tickets given for Pennsylvania avenue line. i^-vcii,uige 

Capitol, North O Street and South Washington railroad, or, " The Belt," so called 
fron, the circuitons route it travces. It star,, on Maryland avenue, at he flotof 
Capitol Hi 1 ,«.t, soutli side of the Botanical Garden, and proceeds north to O street 
then w«,t to Eleventh street, then turns south to E street, again west to Fourterth 
street, then sou h to Ohio avenue, which it traverses southeast to Twelfth street X„ 
south crossing the Mall to Virginia avenue, along which it travels to its intersection 
Maryland avenue, then along that avenue to the place from which it started 
and ('%^"f™^';»^™'' P"'"™" River street railroad commences at Sixth street wharf 
and M street S. W ; thence runs east along M street to Eleventh street, S. E. • then 
south a ong Eleventh street, crossing Anaeostia bridge to Uniontown, term'inating th r 

upon^llss^gir ™™" ^'"'' """^""'^ ""^"''™»"^' "-^ -"f--™^ - S-' f-r 

Markets. 

The principal markets of the city are the followiuo- • 
. Centre Market.-410 feet front, between Seventh and Ninth streets, on ^he south 
side of Pennsylvania avenue, N. W. ; built 1870 

Eastern Market.-On Capitol Hill, at the junction of Seventh street E., and North 
Caroluia avenue ; built 1873. . ^>orin 

Western Market.-On K, between Twentieth and Twenty-First streets, N. W. 

Northern Market.-Between Sixth and Seventh streets and O and P streets N 
W. ; temporarily accommodated in wooden sheds 

^orthern Liberty Market.-On Fifth street between K and L streets, N. W • is of 
brick ; 324 feet long ; cost $140,000 ; built 1875. , > • w . , i. ot 

Newspapers. 

field t 'I',! ''°""''^' ■"^^^l"'"^'-' "f ">^ •^""■'fy, Washington is naturally an important 
sutplied 1":"'" '\ '■?""' order of journalistic ability. It fs to^av bett^ 

I names of ,,,""'" '".," '''" ™^ '^^''''' »"'' "« "^' -'■-'' fo"°« «howa 
the names of the papers now published and the date of publication, viz. : 

ihe iLmnmg^r is published every afternoon, except Sunday. OfBce Pennsvl- 
vania avenue and Eleventh street, N. W. i-ennsyl- 

street^N. w'"'"" ^"'^ '' """''^"'^ ''"^ ''*^"«"'" '^«=P' S'""'^- Office, 511 Ninth ' 
of Tel' fid DlfeTsf W.' """"'"' ''''' """""^ ^^^P' ^"'«"'^- ««»' ™™- 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



G3 



The ^YmUngton Post is published every morning. Office, corner of Tenth and D 

streets N W. « 

The 'Washington Journal is published every morning in German. Office, corner ot 

Seventh and G streets, N. W. 

The Herald is published every Sunday morning. Office, 409 Tenth street, N. W. 

The Gazette is published every Sunday morning. Office, 911 D street. 

The Chronicle is published every Sunday morning. Office, 432 Ninth street K W. 

The Capital is published every Sunday morning. Office, 1326 F street, N. W 

The Eepublic is published every Saturday. Office, 908 Pennsylvania avenue, N. W. 




A PEOMTNENT SUBURBAN RESIDENCE. 

The Patent Office Gazette is published every Tuesday. Office, Patent Office, Seventh 

and F streets, N. W. . 

Cemeteries. 

The cemeteries in and about Washington have an historic interest, aside from their 
own peculiar beauties of situation and arrangement, which makes them objects of regard 
and reverence from every patriotic citizen of the Union. Especially is this the case with 
Congressional Cemetery, which is attached to Christ Church, Episcopal, at the Navy 
Yard. This cemetery was laid out in 1807, and now embraces ten acres. It is called 
Concrressional because there are sites allotted here for the interment of members of Con- 
gress who die in office, and even if not buried here, a monument is erected to their 



64 CITY OF WASHI lYGTON. 



memory. There are rows of tombs many of which are empty. It is not only a beauti- 
«ful cemetery, but is interesting on account of the many distinguished dead who lie here. 

The grandest burial spot, however, in tlie District is Oak Hill Cemetery, on George- 
town Heights, which, for beauty and situation, exquisite taste in adornment, and excel- 
lence of management, challenges comparison with any cemetery in the world. It was 
originally the gift of Mr. AV. W. Corcoran, and has been gradually enlarged until it now 
embraces thirty acres. All that nature with lavish hand can furnish of grateful shade 
and fragrant bloom; all that art can suggest, stimulated by love for those " who are not," 
finds rare fulfillment in this beautiful sleeping-place of the dead. 

The oldest of all is the Rock Creek Cemetery, near the Soldiers' Home. Rock 
Creek Church was first erected in 1719, rebuilt in 1775, and remodeled in 1868. A.bout 
one-half of the glebe belonging to this old parish church has of late years been added to 
the cemetery. The venerable Peter Force, so long conspicuous in the Federal City, is 
interred here. 

Glenwood Cemetery lies about a mile and a half north of the Capitol. It embraces 
90 acres, and was incorporated in 1854. Amos Kendall, postmaster-general in the time 
•of Jackson and Van Buren, is buried here. Near the entrance to Glenwood are Pros- 
pect Hill Cemetery, 17 acres, and St. Mary's Burying Ground, 3 acres. 

Mount Olivet Cemetery, comprising 70 acres, is on the Columbia turnpike, one-half 
mile north of the east terminus of the Columbia horse railway, and was incorporated in 
1862. Many Roman Catholics of eminence are buried here. 

Graceland Cemetery, about forty acres, is situated at the east terminus of the 
Columbia horse railway, and was opened in 1872. 

Two of the oldest cemeteries, the Eastern and AVestern, have been displaced by 
recent improvements, and the many burying-places immediately surrounding the 
churches have had, for the most part, the dead removed from them. 

The National Cemetery 

is located at Arlington, in Virginia, on the south side of the Potomac and in plain 
view of the Capitol. This is recognized as historic ground. The heights comprise two 
hundred acres. Over fifteen thousand of the Union dead lie bui'ied around the former 
beautiful home of the great-granddaughter of Martha Washington, who became the wife 
of tlie Confederate chieftain, Robert E. Lee. The cemetery lying west of the house is 
devoted to white, and that lying north to colored soldiers. South of the house is the 
" Unknown Tomb," in which are placed the remains of 2,111 unknown soldiers gathered 
from the battle-fields of Bull Run and the route to the Rappahannock. Near this tomb 
is an ampitheatre, erected in 1873, designed for use on Decoration Day, capable of 
accommodating 5,000 persons. 

In regard to this estate, it has been currently reported that it was bequeathed by 
General Washington to Mr. Custis, his adopted son. The truth is, ]\Ir. Custis inherited 
it from his fiither, John Parke Custis, and General AVashington never owned it. 

Fort AYhipple is situated a short distance northwest from Arlington House, and is 
the only one of the many forts built near AVashington during the late war that has not 
been dismantled. It is now a station for instruction in signaling. 

West AVashington, 

which is still better known by its old title of Georgetown, is separated from AA^ashington 
by Rock Creek, and lies northwest of the city. The horse-cars enter Georgetown by 
both the Pennsylvania avenue and P street routes. " Georgetown Heights," as they are 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



65 



called present unsurpassed facilities for sightly building sites, and are occupied by beau- 
tiful r'esidences, many of them of a palatial character. This was a town of some unport- 
ance at the time the Federal City was located, and possesses many spots of great historic 

'"^'Tjorae^or^n College, founded in 1789, raised to a University in 1815 is probably 
the oldest Roman Catholic College in the country. It is under the care ot the Fathers of 
the Society of Jesus. The library contains many rare works and some valuable nmnu- 
scripts while in the Museum are many coins and medals, with interesting relics of Com- 
modore Decatur. A new building, forming a frontage to the original one, and ^hich of 
itself would constitute one of the finest collegiate edifices in America, designed by bmith- 
mever has greatly increased its educational capacity. 

The Convent of the Visiiation, founded here in 1799, is another institution of note. 
The Academy is under the care of the Sisters of the Visitation, and is liberally patron- 
ized by students from all parts of the country. In the convent vault a daughter of 

General Scott is buried. , , , • ^i r» uv 

The LintJiicum Institute and the Peabody Library are accommodated m the Fubhc 
School building on Second and Potomac streets. Edward Linthicum, a retired hardware 
merchant left by will $50,000 for the education of poor white boys. George Peabody, 
the world-renowned millionaire philanthropist and once a resident of Georgetown, gave 
S22,000 to institute the Peabody Library. , , ^^^ ^^^ n 

The Georgetown High-Service Reservoir, with a capacity of 1,000,000 gallons, is an 
object of great interest, located at the head of Market street. The surface water is 215 
feet above tide, and 70 feet above the Distributing Reservoir. 

Mount Vernon, 
the home and tomb of Washington, is some sixteen miles below the city, on the Potomac 
river The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association now owns the mansion and contiguous 
grounds A boat starts daily, excepting on Sunday, from Seventh street wharf, at ten 
A M for Mount Vernon, gives ample time for excursionists to explore the house and 
grounds and, returning, reaches Washington at half-past three P. M. Forts Foote and 
Washington, as well as the city of Alexandria, are passed en route, and the scenery on 
both sides of the river is not only beautiful, but replete with interesting national associa- 
tions A walk from the wharf leads first to the tomb of Washington. The front of the 
vault is open, defended by an iron gateway, through which the sarcophagus containing 
the remains of the distinguished dead can be plainly seen. There is also the sarcophagus 
containing the remains of Martha, the wife of Washington, while a number of family 
graves surround the tomb. 

As a Place of Residence, 
the city of Washington is probably the most cosmopolitan of all the cities of the Union. 
It is improving every year in its social status, and is rapidly being built up m a solid, 
substantial manner. It is the winter residence of many of the wealthiest people of the 
nation who entertain liberally and combine to make a brilliant social circle while Con- 
gress is in session. The erection of so many palatial residences in the city and suburbs 
during the past decade has caused a gratifying rise in the value of real estate, and gives 
a flattering assurance of still further development and prosperity for the Nations 
Capital. 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



The sketches that follow are a fair exponent of the business interests of this beautiful and prosper- 
ous city. They will be found generally accurate and reliable, and all are representatives in their way 
of the progressive spirit that has operated to give Washington a position as an important purchasing 
centre. 



Robert I. Fleming-, Architect and Builder, 

Kellogg Building, No. 1416 F Street, N. W.— The 
rapid growth and development of Washington, 
both in wealth and population, has created an ex- 
cellent field for tiie highest order of architectural 
talent, while the handsome appearance of the pub- 
lic and private buildings in the city elicits tlie ad- 
miration of travelers and experts. Among the 
leading architects and builders who share in the 
credit of Washington's beauty is Mr. Robert I. 
Fleming, whose office is located in the Kellogg 
Building, No. 1416 F Street, N. W. This gentle- 
man has been established in business here for a 
period of twenty years and has attained a marked 
prominence in his profession, having designed and 
carried through to completion a large number of 
the most prominent public buildings, business struc- 
tures, and private residences that have been erected 
during this period of time. He has achieved 
great success botli as regards exterior elegance and 
the equally important details of the interior, and 
embodying in his plans, at the same time, all the 
suggestions and requirements of the owner. He 
closely follows specifications in supervising con- 
struction and in every possible way subserves the 
best interests of his patrons. Limits of space pre- 
vent us from naming but a few of the buildings 
designed and erected by liim. Among the number 
special mention should be made of the Kellogg 
Building, on F street, which is one of the finest 
business blocks in the city, also All Souls' Church, 
at tlie corner of Fourteenth and L streets, the De- 
partment of Justice building, the Second District 
Schoolhouse, English Legation building, the 
Broadhead House (now Professor Bell's), Judge 
W. S. Cox's, Castle Stewart, .Judge C-. J. Hillyer's, 
Mrs. A. Patten's, Senator Jolin R. ]McPherson's, 
Senator F. W. Palmer's, and many otliers, all of 
which have elicited the warmest commendation 
from all who have inspected them. He is at the 
present time busily engaged in the preparation of 
plans and designs for numerous patrons and is at 
all times prepared to successfully undertake the 
most important public and private contracts. He 
employs eight experienced assistants, and is prompt, 
sy.stematic, and reliable in meeting all engagements, 
and in conjunction with his superior designs has 
gii'en him an enviable position in his profession. 
Mr. Fleming is a native of Richmond, Va , and is 
i-ecognized as a leader iu his profession in this city. 



Walsli, Cropley & Co., Bankers and 
Brokers, Stocks, Grain, Provisions, and Petroleum, 
No. 515 Seventh Street.— This house was established 
in February, 1885, by Messrs. Noyes & Walsh, who 
were succeeded in September of tlie same year by 
the present firm. The facilities enjoyed by the firm 
in each branch of their business are rarely equaled 
in this city. They have an extensive connection, 
large clientele, and a wide reputation, and are in- 
trusted by many parties with important commis- 
sions for investment which receive at all times the 
most careful consideration. They buy and sell all 
securities dealt in at tlie New York and Chicago 
Stock Exchanges at lowest rates of commissions 
permitted by those organizations, obtaining contin- 
uous reports of the markets, executing all orders 
promptly, and transacting all busine.ss satisfac- 
torily. They give special attention to both stocks, 
grain, provisions, and petroleum, for eacli of which 
they have equal facilities. The individual mem- 
bers of this firm are Messrs. J. W. Walsh, T. 
L. Cropley, and F. B. Shafer, well-known resi- 
dents of Washington and gentlemen of reputa- 
tion and standing in financial circles and large ex- 
perience in their business, who have built up a 
business in botli the East and the West that fully 
shows their ability, energy, and influence. Tliey 
gre connected by direct wires with the New York 
and Chicago markets, and orders for tlie purchase 
or sale of stocks, bonds, petroleum, grain, and pro- 
visions are filled by tliem in quantities to suit pur- 
chasers, from ten siiares of stocks to five thousand 
shares, and grain, provisions, and petroleum in like 
proportions and on margins of from one per cent, 
upward. In this system of business losses are 
limited to the amount of margin deposited, while 
profits are unlimited, and all the advantage-! of 
the market obtainable by members of the different 
Exchanges are offered to their clients as thougli 
they were present on tlie floor of the Exchange 
themselves. Full quotations of the different mar- 
kets are received of all transactions and posted on 
blackboards in their offices for the information of 
their clients and the puljlic. The current gossip of 
Wall street and Chicago is also received, and all 
sources of information are searched as a guide 
to the market. Their office is alike open to 
the man of wexlth and to the man of limited 
means, and all receive the same consideration at 
their hands. 

67 



68 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



F. G. Smith, Manufacturer of Bradbury 
Piano Fetes, No. 122-5 Pennsylvania Avenue, 
W. P. Van Wickle, Resident Manager.— Tlie dust- 
orumbling arciiives of tlie oldest race of people that 
ever populated the glol)e bring up testimony to 
modern nations of music and musical instrunients 
having, even in the Mosaic period, been prized 
Throughout the wliole of their recorded history the 
Italians, Greeks, and Germans have been renowned 




for their superior musical ability over the people 
of tlie Western Nations, but in the manufacture of 
that queen of musical instruments, the piano, the 
Americans are entitled to the palm. In this class 
of manufactures the "Bradbury" piano has long 
taken a foremost rank. Thirty-five years ago Mr. 
Bradbury began the manufacture of "the far-famed 
pianos which bear his name, and in 1878 he retired 
from business and was succeeded by Mr. Freeborn G. 
Smith, whose warerooms and principal office are 
on the corner of Fifth avenue and Seventeenth 
street, New York. Mr. Smith, the manufacturer 
of the Bradbury, is in every respect a self-made 
man, and all his energies, at this time, are centred 
in making this the equal of any piano produced. 
He has devoted his entire life to the practical de- 
tails of the piano, and liis success is a most gratify- 
ing one. Two extensive factories are operated 
in connection with the business, and one of these 
is located at Leominster, Mass., and the other on i 
the corner of Raymond and Willouglibv streets \ 
Brooklyn, New York. Branch offices for the sale i 
of the " Bradbury " are located as mentioned : ! 



Brooklyn, 338 Fulton street; Brooklyn, 6G1 and 
066 Fulton street; Brooklyn, 1177 and 1179 Ful- 
ton street; Brooklyn, E. D., 32 Fourth street- 
Jersey City, 43 Montgomery street ; Washington^ 
I). C, 1225 Pennsylvania avenue; Chicago, III., 
143 Wabash avenue; Saratoga Springs, 452 and 454 
Broadway. Tlie Washington establishment is a 
handsome four-story building erected during the 
past summer at a cost of $25,000. It is one of the 
most attractive buildings on Pennsylvania avenue^ 
having a frontage of over 25 feet by a depth of 
200 feet, and furnished in the most complete man- 
ner throughout. The intention is to make this the 
Southern headquarters for the sale of the Bradbury 
piano, supi)lying all agents and dealers throughout 
the South and Southwest from this point. ' The 
stock carried is one of the largest south of New 
York, and a purchaser can surely be ])leased out of 
the large assortment of the sweet-toned Brad})urys, 
or if tliey are in want of an organ they can find all 
.styles of the celebrated palace organ.s, manufactured 
by the Loring & Blake Organ Company. These 
instruments are unexcelled in the market for 
brillianty of tone and handsome carved work. This 
establishment was founded in 1877, and it has dur- 
ing the whole of the time been under the manage- 
nient of Mr. W. P. Van Wickle, who is a native of 
New York, and a most pleasant gentleman with 
whom to have business relations. 



Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone 
Company ; Offices, Washington and Baltimore ; 
Samuel M. Bryan, President and (reneral Manager. 
— The discovery of conveying articulate sounds by 
electricity, and the subsequent elaboration of inven- 
tions which are now included under the general 
head of telephony, are undeniably among the most 
remarkable scientific achievements of the present 
age. A prominent, representative, and progres- 
sive corporation in Washington and Baltimore, 
which was incorporated under the laws of the State 
of New York in June, 1883, is that of the Chesa- 
peake and Potomac Telephone Company. Since its 
organization, with a capital of $2,650,000, it has 
built up an extensive and influeptial patronage. 
The company now employs one hundred and forty- 
seven assistants, operatives, etc., in Baltimore, 
I Washington, and Maryland. In Baltimore it has 
j two thousand seven hundred patrons, in Washing- 
ton one thousand six hundred, and in Maryland 
six hundred. The following gentlemen, noted in 
financial and commercial circles for their business 
ability, enterprise, and integrity, are the officers 
and directors, viz.: President and general manager, 
Samuel M. Bryan ; secretary and treasurer, Charles 
G. Beebe; auditor, B. H. Warthen; directors, ^Sam- 
uel M. Bryan, Washington, D. C. ; Wni. II. Forbes, 
Boston, Mass.; Theo. N. Vail, Boston, Ma.ss.; H. 
P. Frost, New Haven, Conn.; A. O. Morgan, 
Boston, Mass. ; H. S. Cunimings, Washington, D. C. ; 
William Taylor,Baltimore, Md. ; Thomas J. Fisher, 
Washington, D. C. ; Charles J. Bell, Washington, 
D. C. The telephone lines of the company are 
admirably constructed and have no superiors in 
the United States or Europe. The standing and 
reliability of the Cliesapeake and Potomac Tele- 
phone Company in financial circles are too well 
known to require any comments at our hands, and 
it justly merits the high reputation to which it has 
permanently attained. 



LEADIXG MAXUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



69 



Gliiniiip & Co., Wholesale and Retail 
Dealers in Foreign and Domestic Dry Goods and 
Notions, Nos. 404'and 406 Seventh Street, N. W.— A 
review of the mercantile interests of Washington 
reveals the existence of some really noteworthy 
concerns in many of tlie chief branches of trade. 
Especially this is true with regard to the general dry 
goods line, engaged in which the capital contains 
several firms of a truly metropolitan character, and 
among which maybe mentioned that of Guinnip 
& Co., wholesale and retail dealers in foreign and 
domestic dry goods, notions, and fancy articles, 
whose well-ordered and flourishing emporium, lo- 
cated at Nos. 404 and 406 Seventh street, N. W., is 
by common consent one of the leading, largest, and 
best-equipped establishments of the kind in the 
District of Columbia, as well as one of the most 
stable and reliable, patrons and purchasers being at 
all times assured of excellent goods, honorable desll- 
ing, and prompt and polite attention in this admi- 1 
rab'ly conducted and deservedly popular house. | 
Th§ business was originally established in 1839 
by K. H. and A. M. Guinnip, at Watkins, N. Y., 
whence it was moved to Westtield, in the same 
State, and subsequently to jNIeadville, Pa., where 
it was carried on with gratifying prosperity for 
many vears. Mr. A. M. Guinnip being removed 
by death here in 1876, the surviving member (the 
present senior partner) at this period assumed sole 
•control, which he maintained until 1880, when he 
associated with him his son, Mr. George Guinnip, 
under the firm name of Guinnip & Co., and opened 
at the present location, and the positive and perma- 
nent success that has attended their eflbrts here from 
the first abundantly attests the wisdom that in- 
spired the enterprise as well as the energy and 
ability displayed in the management of the busi- 
ness. The premises occupied comprise an entire 
three-storv and basement building, finely fitted up 
and completely equipped in every respect, a splen- 
did display being made, and a varied and vast stock 
is carried, embracing imported and domestic dress 
fabrics, el«gant silks, rich shawls, cloaks and wraps, 
novelties in ladies' wear, ftvncy goods, dress trim- 
mings, notions, hosiery, gloves, laces, and embroid- 
eries, undergarments, neckwear, linens, woolens 
and cottons, corsets, small wares, and a multifarious 
assortment of everything comprehended in general 
dry goods, only one price being charged, and that 
the lowest consistent with first-class value and up- 
right dealing. From fifty to seventy efficient assist- 
ants are employed, no pains being spared to render 
the fullest satisfaction in every instance to custom- 
ers, and the trade, which is of both wholesale and 
retail character, is exceedingly large, the total an- 
nual sales reaching a very handsome figure, and 
afford evidence of steady and substantial increase. 
Messrs. Guinnip, who are natives of New York, 
are both gentlemen of sterling integrity as well of 
unmistakable push and enterprise, and fully merit 
the extensive and flourishing patronage they de- 
servedly enjoy. 

R. O. Polkinhoru & Son, Book, Job, and 
Poster Printers, Nos. 632 and 634 D Street.— A 
leading house in the art of printing in the city of 
Washington is that of Mr. R.O Polkinhorn &Son. 
This house was founded in 1850 by Mr. Henry 
Polkinhorn, the present proprietor succeeding 
Messrs. Henrv Polkinhorn & Son in 1876. The 
premises occupied for office and printing purposes 



comprise two floors 50x70 feet each, being spacious, 
convenient, handsomely fitted up, and thoroughly 
equipped with every requisite for the business, 
including eight steam presses. The proprietor is 
prepared to execute all kinds of printing in the 
highest style of the art at short notice and at the 
lowest prices. The work turned out includes both 
plain and ornamental printing, book, job, and poster 
work, cards, programmes, bill-heads, etc., and every 
job is executed and finished in any desired style or 
design with skill and perfection. Employment is 
given to twenty skilled and experienced hands. 
Mr. Polkinhorn is a native of Washington, a 
thoroughly experienced master of his trade, and 
very popular with his host of permanent patrons. 



Wm. Hunter Myers, Solicitor of Patents, 
No. 1006 F Street.— The Patent Office of the 
United States being located at the seat of Govern- 
ment, Washington has naturally become the lo- 
cation of many of those who follow the profession 
of solicitors "of patents, among whom may be 
mentioned Wm. Plunter Myers, who, after an ex- 
perience of sixteen years as examiner in the Patent 
Office, where he served with marked ability up to 
two years ago, when he retired and established him- 
self as solicitor of patents at the above address. 
Considering the practice that Mr. Myers has had 
during his long term as examiner of patents, it is 
fair to assume "that any cases intrusted to his care 
will receive his best attention and skill, for which 
he has been noted in all his past transactions, and 
which have gained for him a large and influential 
clientele all over the United States. _Mr. Myers 
embraces every branch of this business in his prac- 
tice, and his specifications, drawings,^ and other 
papers are works of art and perfect in all their 
details. His charges are very moderate, consider- 
ing the skill and knowledge he brings to bear on 
all cases and the general success which attends his 
efforts. Mr. Myers was born in Ohio, and came to 
Washington twenty years ago, where, through his 
strict, upright, and gentlemanly habits, he has 
gained the esteem of the community at large. 

Geors»-e S. Donn, Paperhangings, Ceiling 
Decorations, Window Shades, etc.. No. 1224 Seventh 
Street, N. W.— Tlie proprietor of this enterprising 
house, Mr. George S. Donn, was born in this city, 
and for a period of thirty-five years has been en- 
gaged as a practical workman in interior decorative 
wo'rk. A little over a year ago he started business 
on his own account and his enterprise has been at- 
tended by the most marked and encouraging suc- 
cess. The store has a capacity measuring 20x80 
feet, and it is made attractive by a high order of 
mechanical art and handsome finishing, and the 
stock of paperhangings, window shades, and other 
merchandise properly belonging to this business is 
very full and varied. Seven hands are regularly 
' employed, and in the busy season this number is 
largely augmented. Interior decorative work of 
every description is promptly and satisfactorily ex- 
ecuted at most reasonable charges. Designs and 
estimates are furnished when desired, and the trade 
in paperhangings, ceiling decorations, window 
shades, and other decorative materials, which is of 
both a wholesale and retail character, is widespread, 
extending throughout the District of Columbia, 
Maryland, Virginia, etc. 



70 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



Worinley's Hotel, James Wormley's Sons, 
Proprietors.— The city of Washington has long 
been recognized as the centre wiiere hirge capital, 
practical experience, and boundless enterprise have 
combined to make its liotels superior to anv in the 
country. As a contributor to the geierafwelfare 
of the city and a model establislimcnt of its kind, 
Wormley's Hotel stands pre-eminent, its name be- 
ing as familiar as household words in every part of 
the Union. It was opened to the public in 1871, 
under the management of Mr. James Wormley, 
wlio brought to bear a thorough knowledge of all 
the wants and requirements of the industrv, gained 
during many years' connection with the 'hotel in- 
terests of the country. After his death, which 
event occurred in 1885, he was succeeded by his 
sons, James T. and < r. S. Wormley, who had grown 
up in the business, and were well qualified to con- 
tinue the strong success that their father had 
achieved. The building is a live-story structure, 
92x150 feet in dimensions, and tlie location is di- 
rectly central to all the departments of tiie Govern- 
ment, the leading business houses, and points of in- 
terest and attraction. There are ample accommo- 
dations for one hundred guests, and the hotel has 
from the beginning maintained the very highest 
reputation and enjoyed the confidence and support 
of the most influential and desirable classes of pa- 
trons. The oflices and dining-rooms are on the 
first floor, and the parlors and sleeping apartments 
take up the remaining space. The halls and corri- 
dors are wide, spacious, and convenient, the rooms 
are handsomely furnished in all their appoint- 
ments, tiie ladies' and gentlemen's parlors are com- 
fortably equipped, and the offices are arranged in 
the most convenient and pleasant stvle. The 
fittings and appointments are, in fact, of the best 
possible order, absolutely complete, and reflect the 
utmost credit upon the good judgment of the pro- 
prietors and the cultivated taste of their customers. 
The building is supplied with elevators, fire-escapes, 
electric lights, and annunciators, steam heat, and 
all the prominent features of city life, whereby the 
comfort of visitors may be insured. The general 
dining-room, which will seat seventy-five jiersons, 
presents a most inviting appearance, and the deco- 
rations are of the finest and most appropriate char- 
acter. The cuisine is in charge of chefs of marked 
ability and national reputation. The Messrs. 
Wormley secure their table supplies from the most 
varied sources, all the important markets of the 
country paying tribute to their enterprise. Thus 
all the delicacies that can possibly be obtained are 
served in liberal abundance, while the perfect man- 
ner in which the viands are prepared and the taste- 
ful style in which they are set forth make a meal 
at Wormley's Hotel a most agreeable experience. 
While there are larger hostelries in Washington 
than Wormley's, yet there are none which possess 
such well-tounded claims upon the public favor or 
which enjoy such a distinct popularity. The pro- 
priet .rs are untiring in their efforts to'promote the 
comfort and pleasure of those who share their hos- 
pitality, and are held in universal esteem both as 
accomplished exponents of the valuable business in 
which they are engaged and men of tlie strictest 
integrity and the highest personal worth. 



G. E. Kirk, House and Sign Painting, Tint- 
ing, Calcimining, and (Hazing, No. G19 Louisiana 
Avenue.— (Jne of the oldest and most experienced 



members of this branch of trade is the trusted vet- 
eran, Mr. G. E. Kirk. This gentleman founded his 
enterprise at Washington forty years ago, and dur- 
ing the whole of that long period he has enjoyed a 
patronage both extensive and influential in its 
character. He occupies a store 20x70 feet in di- 
mensions, and it is equipped with a fine stock of 
pamting and decorative materials. A large stafl^ of 
skilled and competent workmen are employed, and 
all orders are given the most prompt and careful 
attention. All grades of painting, frescoing, and 
paper varnishing and glazing are executed with 
neatness and dispatch. Specimens of the work ex- 
ecuted by this concern may be seen at the Widows' 
Home, Arlington Hotel, Franklin School, and Balti- 
more and Potomac Depot. Mr. Kirk is a native of 
this city and a progressive business man. 

Johnson, Garner & Co., Dry Goods and 
Carpets, No. 036 Pennsylvania Avenue, South Side. 
— This house was established in 1841, and has been 
under the management of the present firm sjnce 
1883, succeeding Mr. Towson at that date. The 
firm have become prominent in the city as exten- 
sive dealers in dry goods, notions, and fancy goods, 
ladies' and gents' furnishing goods, carpets, oil- 
cloths, and mattings. The premises occupied com- 
prise one of the largest and finest dry goods empo- 
riums in the city, consisting of a large three-storj 
building 40x100 feet in dimensions, the interior 
being superbly fitted up. In the assortment of 
goods, embracing a wide range of staple and fancy 
articles of both home and foreign production, will 
be found silks, satins, velvets, and all the various 
dress fabrics, linens, white goods domestics, wool- 
ens, cotton cloths, hosiery, trimmings, embroideries, 
and edgings, and all the latest novelties in neck- 
wear and other furnishings for both ladies and gen- 
tlemen. The members of the firm are always 
earnest and industrious in their endeavors to meet 
the demands of their patrons in the most satisfac- 
tory manner. Ten clerks and salesmen are em- 
ployed. Prompt attention is given to all orders, 
and honorable treatment and fair prices are assured! 
The firm is composed of Messrs. George I. Johnson, 
T. A. Garner, and J. K. Edmonds, all residents 
here for many years. 

Charles H. Raub & Co., Lafayette Mar- 
ket and Grocery, Northeast corner of Nineteenth 
Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. — This ex- 
tensive establishment is the largest business house 
of the kind in this part of the city. The jiremises 
consist of a building having two floors and a base- 
ment, each 40x00 feet in dimensions. The business 
carried on here was founded a half century ago by 
Samuel Redfern, the management subsequently 
passing into the hands of Piggies <& Gadsby, next 
to Piggies & Hopkins, and then to Thomas Piggies. 
The latter was succeeded three years ago by Mr. 
Charles H. Paiib. The establishment is fitted up in 
excellent style and is filled with a heavy stock of 
plain and fancygroceriesof every description, wines 
and table luxuries, provisions, fruits, vegetables, 
and canned goods. Everything is fresh, good, and 
of standard value, and the goods are sold at the 
lowest market prices. Four active clerks are em- 
ployed and a delivery team is kept busy carrying 
home goods to purchasers. Mr. Raub is a native 
of the District, and is favorably known throughout 
the entire community. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



71 



Ellis Spear (late Commissioner of Patents), • 
Solicitor of Patents, Counselor in Patent Causes I 
No 1003 F Street, N. W., Washington, and iSo. j 
411 Olive Street, St. Louis.— One of the most experi- j 
enced and successful solicitors of patents and coun- 
selors ill patent causes in the city of Washington is 
General Ellis Spear, whose office is located at No. | 
1003 F street, N. W., in the Equitable building. | 
Possessing a foundation understanding of the prin- ! 
ciples of patent law, a complete and thorough I 
knowledge of the rules and practices governing the 
administration of the United States Patent Office, | 
and a lengthened experience as the head of that 1 
Bureau of the Government, General Spear may justly j 
be considered as pre-eminently adapted for success 
in patent law practice. He is a native of the State 1 
of Maine, from which he enlisted at the callfor I 
troops in 1861, returning with the rank of briga- 
dier-general, and accepting a position as assistant 
examiner in the Patent Office. He was successively 
promoted to principal examiner, member of the 
Board of Appeals, assistant commissioner, and 
finally to commissioner of patents, which position 
he filled with great credit, resigning in 1878 to 
engage in the practice of his profession. His rec- 
ord as an official may be said to be a part of the 
history of the Patent Office during the sixteen 
years in which he served in connection with that 
bureau. His reputation has become firmly estab- 
lished as an able, scientific, and successful solicitor, 
and a clear-headed, reliable counselor in patent 
causes. His special attention is given to cases in 
interference, and to examinations as to the scope 
and validity of patents, while his practice also re- 
lates to the preparation and prosecution of appli- [ 
cations for patents, including the making out of 
specifications, drawings, caveats, assignments, re- 
issues, designs, trade-marks, labels, and copyrights; 
the making of preliminary examinations as to the 
patentability of an invention, and to every other 
item of service necessary to complete success of the 
application up to the time the patent is granted and 
issued by the office. No attorney is better known 
at the Patent Office, and none can secure fairer 
treatment or more prompt consideration of their 
cases. His papers, filed in the interest of his cli- 
ents, are models of accuracy, wisdom, and perfect 
understanding of the case in hand, Avhile the facili- ; 
ties possessed by him for securing patents are un- I 
surpassed by any practitioner in the country. Mr. j 
Spear has an office also in St. Louis, Mo., at No. i 
411 Olive street. ' 

James Fullerton, Attorney and Counselor 
at Law, No. 519 Seventh Street.— There is not, 
perhaps, within the entire range of professional life 
any department or sphere of activity in which ex- 
perience counts for so much as in law, long and 
varied practice in the legal profession being an un- 
failing criterion of popularity and reliability. 
Especially does this apply with force to the branch 
devoted to claims and patents and all the complex 
features kindred thereto, in which become involved 
technical questions upon which depend vast and 
important interests, and in this connection special 
mention should be made of James Fullerton, 
attorney and counselor at law, solicitor of claims 
and patents, No. 519 Seventh street, who maintains 
a position in the front rank in this line in Washing- 
ton, practicing in all the United States courts, the 
court of claims and public departments at the seat of 



Government, and before committees of Congress, and 
who is by common consent one of the leading, most 
reliable, and best equipped members of the profes- 
sion engaged in this particular branch of the busi- 
ness in the city. Mr. Fullerton devotes close 
personal attention to all business intrusted to him. 
Mr Fullerton is well known in Washington City, 
where he has resided since 1856. He has been 
engaged since 1865 in the successful prosecution of 
claims against the Government of the United States, 
and is thoroughly familiar with all the laws, rules, 
and regulations necessary to be complied with in 
their establishment. A great number of just claims 
have failed for want of the observance of these rules 
and regulations. Mr. Fullerton will cheerfully 
communicate information when consulted, and will 
give prompt and personal attention to all business 
confided to him. His many clients in all parts of 
the United States will bear testimony to his zeal and 
success in their causes, and to the prompt remittance 
of all collections made by him. All claims against 
the United States are paid by drafts upon the 
treasury to the order of the original claimant, and 
assignments are not recognized unless made after 
the ascertainment of the amount due and the 
issuance of a warrant for the exact sum. Fees are 
moderate and uniform. In many cases no charge 
whatever is made, unless successful in obtaining the 
allowance of the claim prosecuted. He attends to 
patents, trade-marks, prints and labels, reissues, 
interferences, etc., also to claims of every descrip- 
tion, and is ably seconded by an efficient and ex- 
perienced staff of assistants, his clientele extending 
throughout the entire United States and to Europe, 
while'^he has successfully carried through cases that 
had been involved for twenty years, and altogether 
a large and flourishing business is transacted. Mr. 
Fullerton is a gentleman of the highest personal 
integrity as well as unquestionable professional skill 
and ability in his line. 



Baxter & MacGowan, Real Estate, Loans, 
Legal Business, Walter Building, Nos. 1008 and 
1010 F Street.— Of those engaged in the real estate 
and law business at the capital there are no gen- 
tlemen having a wider popularity than Mr. U. J - 
Baxter and Mr. C. M. MacGowan, who conduct 
business under the firm name of Baxter & Mac- 
Gowan. Particular attention is given to the pur- 
chase and sale of real estate and negotiating loans 
on bond or mortgage, and also attending to legal 
affairs, land, mining law, patents, and all classes of 
department business. Mr. U. J. Baxter, the senior 
member of the firm, is a native of Vermont, but 
long a resident of Michigan. He has resided in 
Washington for more than twenty years, and is pro- 
minently identified with legal affairs at the capital. 
He is a graduate of the Columbian University Law 
School, and has had an experience extending over 
twenty years in the legal profession, particularly 
in land cases, having been chief law clerk and act- 
, ing assistant attorney-general. Department of the 
Interior; formerly chief of division, law^ clerk, 
! chief clerk, and acting commissioner of General 
i Land Office, also for some time in the Treasury 
Department; is a member of the District bar and 
' of the bar of the Supreme Court of the I nited 
States Mr. C. M. MacGowan is a Baltimorean by 
birth, and deservedly popular with all who have 
business relations with his firm. The services of 
these gentlemen are always in demand. 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



E. Gr. Wheeler, Contractor for Railroad and 
Steamboat Supplies, General Hardware, Blocks, 
Rope, Metals, Tools, etc., No. 201 Seventh Street, 
^^- W. — The handling of railroad and steam- 
boat supplies, general hardware, and kindred arti- 
cles constitutes a branch of mercantile activity of 
extensive proportions in every important centre of 
trade and industry, as it is scarcely necessary to 
state. Engaged in tliis line Wiishiiigton contains 
some excellent and noteworthy liouses, among 
which may be mentioned the stable and reliable 
establishment of Mr. E. (1. Wheeler, contractor for 
general supplies and wliolesale and retail dealer in 
hardware of all kinds, mechanics' tools, ropes, 
blocks, metals, etc., located at No. 201 Seventh 
street, N. W., which has maintained an unbroken 
record of prosperity ever since the inception of the 
business an odd Cjuarter of a century ago. Eeing 
conducted on fixed business principles and its man- 
agement characterized by energy, sagacity, and ju- 
dicious enterpi-ise, coupled with upright and honor- 
able dealing, it is only in the nature of things that 
Mr. Wheeler should have attained tlie full measure 
of success that invariably attends energy and abil- 
ity well directed. The premises occupied comprise 
an entire three-story 2oxl00-foot building and a 
two-story brick warehouse in the rear, and a heavy 
and A 1 stock is carried, including builders', house- 
hold, and manufacturers' hardware, railroad and 
steamboat supplies, ropes, blocks, metals, oils, grease, 
paints, mechanics' tools, farm and garden iraple- 
pients, tin and sheet-iron ware, and a multifarious 
assortment of useful appliances, devices, and house- 
keeping articles, while some half a dozen capable 
and efficient clerks attend to the wants of patrons 
and purchasers. The trade, which is of both a 
wholesale and retail character, extends throughout 
the District of Columbia, ^'irginia, Maryland, and 
adjacent States, and is exceedingly large, the annual 
transactions reaching a very handsome figure. Mr. 
Wlieeler, who is a native of Baltimore, but a resi- 
dent of Washington since 1855, is a gentleman of 
sterling integrity as well as a man of push and en- 
terj)rise. Ele is a |)opular and prominent member 
of the (Md Fellows and otiier benevolent and pro- 
gressive orders and associations, and enjoys the 
confidence and esteem of his fraternal associates. 



Wash. B. WilliaiiLS, Dealer in Fashionable 
Furniture, Carpets, and Upholstery Goods, Nos 317 
and 319 Seventh Street, N. W., Nos. 633 and 
635 Louisiana Avenue, and Nos. 632 and 634 
D Street.— The furniture trade of Washington 
like every other staple branch of commerce' 
comprises every class of dealer with correspondinf^ 
ratios of value and excellence. As in everything 
else, so in furniture, it always pays to get the best. 
An establishment which stands in the van of the 
choicest line of the furniture trade is that of Mr. 
Wash. B. Williams. Tliis enterprise was founded 
in 1855 by the present proprietor, who from the 
outset made it his aim to keep none but the best 
and most artistic goods. He met with a most grati- 
fying response from an appreciative public, and has 
built up one of the largest and most representative 
businesses of the kind in the citv. The establisli- 
ment comprises four buildings, ranging from three 
to four stories high, and measuring on an aver- 
age 40x200 feet. These buildings are entered at 
Nos. 317 and 319 Seventh street, N. W., and 
Nos. 633 and 635 Louisiana avenue, and Nos. 632 



and 634 D street. The D street entrances open into 
the main salesroom.s, and the entire concern covers a 
larger area than any other furniture establishment 
in the city. The stock, too, is one of the freshest 
and most elegant, as it is also the most extensive in 
Its line in the city, and it comprises every stvle of 
furniture, bedding, lace curtains, window shades, in- 




terior decorations, upholstery hardware, portieres, 
refrigerators, loose covers, rugs, Turcomans, oil- 
cloths, matting, wire mattresses, hair mattresses, wire 
window screens, mosquito canopies, baby carriages, 
etc. In this vast stock Mr. Williams has manifested' 
an intimate knowledge of the wants ofthe public, and 
has kept most thoroughly up to the demands made 
upon his liouse. All of the newest designs in par- 
lor, chamber, dining-room, and kitchen furniture are 
included in his stock ; his parlor sets ai-e obtainable 
in all the freshest styles of upholstery ; his carpets 
include the choicest patterns from the most cele- 
brated foreign and domestic looms ; his oil-cloths, 
etc., are of original and pretty designs, and these 
and all other goods in stock are quoted at astonish- 
ingly_ low prices. Fifty-two hands are employed, 
and six delivery wagons are employed in the busi- 
ness, and the patronage of the houseincludesmany 
of tlie leading families of the city, of Maryland, 
and Virginia. Mr. Williams is a native of Mary- 
land, and he enjoys a high reputation in the coiii- 
nuinity for his extreme rectitude and strict integ- 
rity. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



(3 



Stevens, Lawrence & Co., Keal Estate 1 
and Insurance, Marvin Fire and Burglar-Proof, 
Safes, No. 133-t F Street, N. W.-Dunng the com- 
paratively short career of this house it has tulhlleci 
most useful and important functions in its special 
lines of enterprise, and has gained its reputation as 
an efficient and valuable business factor by well- 
directed energy and constant and careful regard for 
the interests of its patrons. • It was foimded in the 
summer of 1885 by Messrs. Stevens & Lawrence,^ as 
real estate and insurance dealers, in connection 
witii the general agency of tlie celebrated Marvin 
tire and burglar-proof safes. In the autumn of 
1885 the firm of Stevens, Lawrence & Co. was or- 
ganized since wliich time the business has been 
conducted in its present three-fold character. The 
store occupied, which is 1 cated at No. l.^o4 1^ 
street, is 30x150 feet in dimensions, a,nd conveni- , 
ently arranged throughout for the disposition of 
safes, of which they carry a large and complete i 
stock, embracing all styles and sizes. _ Tliese sates 
have no superior in the world and are in use every- 1 
where. Orders are promptly filled, and the lowest 
prices are invariably quoted. In the real estate de- 
partment Messrs. Stevens, Lawrence & Co. have 
already built up a flourishing and growing trade. 
They are recognized as authority upon the values 
of both residential and business property in the 
city and suburbs, and number among their perma- 
nent patrons many of our most prominent men. 
The firm have descriptions of many choice and de- 
sirable pieces of property, to which they invite the 
attention of capitalists and investors, and they are 
prepared to offer remarkable bargains to those de- 
siring to phice their money in sucli channels. 
Every branch of the real estate business is prose- 
cuted bv this house, including selling, buying, and 
exchanging, the renting of properties and the col- 
lection of rents, the negotiating of h.ans uponbond 
and mortgage, the making of repairs in a judicious 
and economical manner, and all other matters that 
legitimately pertain to the industry. Insurance is 
effected at the lowest premium rates in sound com- 
panies, and a prompt adjustment of losses is guar- 
anteed. The firm are agents for the following re- 
liable and substantial insurance corporations, viz.: 
The Williamsburg Citv Fire, of New York ; the 
Pennsylvania Fire, of Philadelphia; the American, 
of Newark, N. J.; the Milwaukee, and the Metro- 
politan Plate-Glass, of New York. The individual 
members of the firm are Messrs. A. C. Stevens, J. 
8. Lawrence, and G. F. Stevens, progressive and 
public-spirited citizens, giving a hearty support to 
all measures calculated to advance the material in- 
terests of the city. 

G-eo. T. Keen, Merchant Tailor, No. 414 Ninth 
Street. — The number and elegance of the merchant 
tailoring establishments in Washington is at once 
an evidence of the fastidious taste of its inhabi- 
tants. Among these establishments that are well 
known and popular in the community is that of Mr. 
George T. Keen, who has the reputationof being 
one of the most skillful, correct, and stylish fash- 
ioners of gentlemen's wearing apparel in the city. 
Mr. Keen cuts strictly on scientific principles, al- 
ways meeting with success in pleasing his patrons. 
A full line of imported and domestic fabrics is al- 
ways to be found upon his counters, and as he is 
alwavs one among the first to introduce the new 
.stvles and fashions as soon as brought out, he re- 



ceives a large patronage. He is the inventor and 
patentee of Keen's patent straps, which are pro- 
nounced the best contrivance yet introduced for 
keeping gentlemen's trowsers in place. Mr. Keen's 
store is 2GxllO feet in size, and is noted for the 
neat and tasteful manner it is arranged. He em- 
ploys about sixty skilled tailors, and is doing a large 
business derived from among the leading citizens. 
Mr. Keen was born in Harford county, Md. He 
has resided in the District since 1861, and in busi- 
ness since 1805, where he has always been popular 
as a useful member of the community, and is a mem- 
ber in high degree in the Masonic order. 



C. H. Parker, Keal Estate Agent, No. 444 
Four and-a-half Street, S. W.— For the past ten 
years Mr. C. H. Parker has filled a conspicuous 
position in the business circles of the capital, and at 
the present writing is a recognized leader in his 
line of business in the city. Mr. Parker was born 
in Pennsylvania, and he has resided in Washington 
since 1863, He occupies a handsomely furnished 
office, 25x40 feet in dimensions. Mr. Parker con- 
ducts a general real estate and insurance business, 
and he bnvs, sells, leases, and exchanges properties 
of all kinds in the city and country, negotiates 
loans, coUectr, rents, takes entire management of es- 
tates of absentee owners, effects bonds and mortgages, 
prepares convevance deeds, and effects insurance of 
titles, searches titles, etc., and his rates of commis- 
sion are always reasonable, while in his engage- 
ments he is uniformly prompt, reliable, and, above 
all, responsible. Mr. Parker has at all times on his 
books many desirable properties for sale and also to 
let, and his lists will repay inspection by persons in 
want of profitable investments or in need of stores, 
dwellings, etc., at suitable rents. lusunynces are 
effected in all the leading and substantial insurance 
companies on all kinds of insurable property at the 
lowest rates compatible with security. Mr. Parker 
enjoys the universal confidence of all with whom 
he has been brought into business relations. 

Anderson & Moore, Printers, Nos. 1010 
and 1012 Pennsylvania Avenue.— Among the 
leading representative printers in Washington are 
Messrs. Anderson & Moore, Avho established their 
enterprise at the present location in 1884, and who 
have already built up a trade of large and valuable 
proportions. They occupy spacious quarters at 
Nos. 1010 and 1012 Pennsylvania avenue, which is 
arranged throughout in the most systematic and 
convenient manner, and provided with an abundant 
outfit of the latest and most improved machinery, 
devices, and other accessories that can be used to 
advantage. The firm are prepared to execute all 
kinds of composition and press-work, but make a 
specialty of fine jobbing, having all the means at 
hand for turning out work of the most artistic and 
intricate character. Circulars, prices-current, cata- 
logues, bill-heads, business cards, etc., are printed in 
the best stvle of the typographic art, and all orders 
meet with" the promptest fulfillment at the lowest 
prices. Tlie members of the firm are Messrs. John 
W. Anderson and Willis L. Moore, both practical 
and experienced men. They give employment to 
! fully twenty ex])ert hands, and all work confided to 
i them mav be relied ui)on to be turned out in every 
! case in tlie best manner. Mr. Anderson is a native 
I of Washington, and Mr. Moore was born in New 
York. 



74 



1 



CITY OF WASHIiYGTON. 



Ellery C. Ford, Attomey-at-Law, Xo. 23 Le 
Droit Building.— In procurinj^ patents for mineral 
and other huid.s of tlie United Stutes Government 
the services of an experienced attorney before the 
General Land ( )ffice at Washington are of inesti- 
mable service and may rightly be considered as 
absolutely essential to a successful prosecution of 
an application and tlie pushing of a claiuj. In this 
connection we would refer our readers to Colonel 
Ellery C. Ford, tiie late chief of the miueral di- 
vision in tlie General Land Office, who is now 
established in this city as an attorney-ai-law, with 
an office at No. 23 Le Droit Building. Posi-ofiice 
address, box 416. Colonel Ford established himself 
here in 1S78 and pays special ateention to all mat- 
ters relating to mines and mineral lands before the 
General Land OlBce and Department of the Inte- 
rior. With an experience of nine years in the 
Land Office, six years of which he was in charge 
of the mineral division in that office, he is well 
adapted for the successful prosecution of such cases 
and for readily procuring patents for mineral and 
other lands on all applications and contests placed 
in his hands. He is known to be an indefatigable 
worker in the interests of his clients, well and 
favorably known in the Land Office and other 
bureaus of the Interior Department, and always 
being able to secure prompt and fair treatment of 
all cases presented by him. He has already estab- 
lished a large and influential patronage throughout 
the entire United Wtates. Colonel Ford is a native 
of Cleveland, Ohio, and enlisted early in the war 
•in the Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, being mus- 
tered out asa brevet brigadier-general, havingserved 
with gallantry and distinction throughout the war ' 
most of the time in the Army of the Potomac. 
He is strongly recommended by .Senator Teller, of 
Colorado; Senator Plumb, of Kansas; Senator 
Jones, of Nevada; Congressman Symes, and ex- 
Ck)ngressman Belford, of Colorado; ex-Delegate 
Maginnis of Montana ; Hon. A. P. K, Safford, of 
Arizona; Hon. George Ainsley and Hon. John 
Hailey, of Idaho ; Hon. H. F. Page, of California, 
and other distinguished men. 



T^ ; '^■' I^"Il»«''i»i» Photographic Artist and 
Dealer in Photographic Materials, No. 935 Penn- 
sylvania Avenue.— For first-class work in photog- 
raphy and for photographic supplies of a high 
order the house of Mr. E. J. Pullman has been long 
and wi^dely known. This enterprise was founded 
in 1867 by the present proprietor, who was born in 
Chautauqua county, N. Y., was raised in Erie county. 
Pa and came to reside in the District of Columbia 
in 1^64. To-day he is the oldest dealer in photo- 
graphic materials in the city of Washington, and a 
specialty is made of furnishing amateur outfits. 
Mr. lullman is the agent for Anthony- s Photo- 
gmphic Bulletin, The Photo. Times, and the Philo- 
Pholof/raphlc, and all photo, publications The 
premises :>ccupied for the business consist of two 
floors, each 25x80 feet in dimensions, and these are 
very handsomely fitted up and stocked with a 
variety of photographic materials, tlie enumeration 
01 which would occupy more time and space than 
we have at command. Suffice it to sav, that pho- 
tographers will find here evervthing" needed in 
their profession, and this at a price which cannot 
be excelled, while amateurs will meet with the 
finest assortment of apparatus for their use. Pho- 
tographs of residences, machinerv, etc., are taken at 



short notice, five skilled operatives being employed 
''I?*Cv u -^^ variety of photographs, portraits, viewa 
ot \\ ashington, Mt. Vernon, and places of interest 
I IS always kept on hand. 

1 Dulauy & Whiting:, Real Estate and Insur- 
ance, ho. 1320 F Street, N. W.-No feature of 
financial investment in any progressive communitv 
offers more certain or substantial returns for either 
small or large sums of capital than real estate 
Among the leading and most reliable firms engaged' 
in re^il estate and insurance transactions in thfs citv 
can be named that of Dulany & Whiting, whose 
spacious and handsome oflices are located at No 
1320 I street, N. W., and who, although a com- 
paratively young firm, have already attained a 
standing and a measure of prosperity enjoyed bv 
but few, numbering among their extensive clientele 
many of the wealthy and prominent citizens of the 
District. This flourishing business was established 
three years ago, and from its inception the firm ha& 
maintained a record of steady progress, their con- 
nections now being of a most gratifving character, 
i hey transact a general line of business, buying 
selling, and exchanging city and country property 
houses, farms, lots, etc , attending to letting and the 
collection of rents, special facilities being at hand 
for the sale or lease of farm lands and unimproved 
property. Loans are negotiated on bond and 
mortgage, and estates managed, while insurance on 
property or life is placed with first-class companies. 
Ihe copartnership consists of Messrs. H. Grafton 
Dulany, Jr., H. R. Dulany, and G. Fairfax Whit- 
ing (the latter a graduate of the University of New 
i ork as an M. D. ), all natives of Virginia. They 
are young men of the highest personal integrity as 
well as energy and ability. 



Bell Tea and Coffee Company, Import- 
ers and Retailers of Pure Teas, Coffees, and Spices 
No. 824 Seventh Street, N. W.— The extent of the 
tea and coffee business as now conducted in this 
country is far beyond the comprehension of any 
save those who are directly and intimately con- 
nected with the interest. The Bell Tea and CofTee 
Company is the successor of the Union, which 
j was founded some thirty years ago by Messrs. 
I A. A. Lowe & Co. for the importation of teas 
and coffees and spices direct from the sources 
of production, and their distribution to the public 
at retail at the lowest possible prices, and was suc- 
ceeded by the Bell Tea and Coffee Company. Their 
headquarters at Nos. 31, 33, and 35 Burlmg slip, 
NewYork, is a busy scene of industrv, the company 
sending out from tliere supplies to their numerous 
stores located in most of the leading cities of the 
country. Their Washington establishment at No 
824 Seventh street, N. W., was founded a little 
over a year ago, and it has since built up a very 
extensive and growing trade. The concern is under 
the management of Messrs. Eichelberger & Solo- 
mon, who are the present proprietors, the former 
a native of Maryland and the latter of Washing- 
ton. The store has a capacity of 25x100 feet, is 
finely fitted up, and is heavily stocked with a full 
assortment of the finest brands of teas, coffees, and 
spices, in wliicli a large wholesale and retail busi- 
ness is done and all goods are bought from first 
hands. The house is deserving of the success 
achieved and is a desirable one with which to form 
business relations. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



C. V. Fuller, Manufacturer of Cider and 
Vinegar, Factory, No. 611 Seventh Street, N. W. 
— The above is a leading and representative 
house in a line of industry that has acquired con- 
siderable value and importance in this city, owing 
largely to her peculiarly favorable situation for the 
collection of supplies, and the shipment of finished 
goods to the various points of demand. The con- 
cern, although of comparatively recent origin, hav- 
ing been founded in 1881, has built up a large, 
first-class, and permanent trade at both wholesale 
and retail, and makes frequent and heavy ship- 
ments of cider and vinegar to all parts of Maryland, 
Virginia, and the District of Columbia. The pro- 
prietor, Mr. C. V. Fuller, has had a wide and 
valuable experience, is thoroughly conversant with 
all the details and requirements of the business, and 
has secured an enviable reputation for the purity 
and standard quality of his productions. The 
factory, which is located at No. 611 Seventh street, 
N. W., is provided with an abundant outfit of 
the latest and most improved appliances that can 
be advantageously used, and aftbrds employment 
for a number of skilled hands, whose duties are per- 
formed under judicious supervision. Mr. Fuller 
confines his operations to the manufacture of cider 
and vinegar, for which purpose the choicest stock is 
utilized, and the various processes so intelligently 
and thoroughly manipulated that the best possible 
results are always obtained. The goods are ab«o- 
lutely nure and in active and increasing demand 
amo'"g dealers and consumers in the territory before 
i^^ntioned. The vinegar is in high favor with 
housekeepers for table use, and is generally pre- 
ferred by picklers, who consume large quantities, 
and find its effects of the most satisfactory character. 
The cider is made in plain view of spectators, and is 
, niversally conceded to be one of the most delicious 
ana "holesome beverages. A full stock is kept 
constantly on hand and all orders are promptly 
filled at the lowest prices that can be legitimately 
afforded. Mr. Fuller is a native of New York and 
has resided here for the last five years. His honora- 
ble and liberal dealing fully entitle him to the large 
measure of confidence and patronage he enjoys in 
the trade, and the enterprise with which he culti- 
vates his field of business brings him steadily 
increasing success. 

Knight Brother.s, Attorneys and E.icperts 
in Patent Cases, United States and Foreign Patents 
Procured, No. 633 F Street. — With an experience 
of over forty years as solicitors of patents, the firm 
of Messrs. Knight Brothers, No. 633 F street, are 
enabled to oflfer the best possible facilities to ail 
desiring to procure strong and valid letters patent 
or requiring investigations in connection therewith. 
By constant attention to pending cases a larger 
proportion of applications have, it is believed, been 
brought to a speedy and successful issue by this 
agency than by any other doing as large an amount 
of business in the country. The business was 
founded in ] 843 in Cincinnati, Ohio, by Mr. Geo. 
H. Knight, the present senior member o^ the fir^n. 
In 1856 Mr. Octavius and later Mr. Sam"el Knijrht 
were admitted to partnership, forming the name 
and style of the present firm. Since then four sons 
have become members, (reors-e Harris Knight beins: 
admitted in 1877, Herbert Knight in 1882, Harrv 
E. Knight in 1886, and Walter H. Knight at the 
beginning of 1887. The firm operate five distinct 



offices as attorneys and experts in patent cases for 
the procurement of both American and foreign 
patents, at the following points, viz. : Cincinnati, 
Washington, St. Louis, New York, and Boston. 
The founder of the business remains as manager at 
Cincinnati. Mr. Octavius Knight has long been the 
popular superintendent of the office in Washington, 
and now has the competent assistance of Mr. Harry 
E. Knight, Mr. Samuel Knight operating for many 
years the St. Louis branch, aided now by Mr. George 
Harris Knight. Mr. Herbert Knight is in charge 
of the interests of the firm at No. 234 Broadway^ 
New Y'^ork, while Mr. Walter H. Knight is man- 
ager of the Boston office. No. 20 Niles Block. The 
firm also have agencies in Ottawa, London, Paris, 
Brussels, Bv>rlin, Vienna, St. Petersburg, Madrid, 
Lisbon, Turin, Rio de Janeiro, and other foreign, 
capitals. Their practice before the United States 
Patent Office includes the preparation of specifica- 
tions and drawings, the making out of caveats, 
assignments, reissues, designs, and cases in inter- 
ference, tlie securing of the registration of trade- 
marks and labels, the making of preliminary exam- 
inations as to the patentability of an invention, 
making searches in the records of the office, and 
every other item of service necessary to the success- 
ful prosecution of the inventor's application up to 
the lime the patent is granted and issued by the 
office. The record of this firm as attorneys before 
the Patent Office is a part of the history of that 
bureau. In applying for a patent the following: 
instructions are furnished inventors by Messrs. 
Knight Brothers, viz.: "Send us a drawing, niodel, 
or specimen of the invention, with a full explana- 
tion of parts claimed as new, and the amount of 
first government fee, which, in all cases except de- 
sign applications, is fifteen dollars. All advantages 
over similar devices should be set forth as far as 
known. The drawings and specifications will then 
be prepared, and the necessary documents will be 
sent to the inventor for his inspection, signature, 
and affidavit, with full instructions, at which time 
our agency fee will be called for. This will be from 
twenty-live dollars upward, according to labor in- 
volved, and will always be made as moderate as 
possible consistent with good work. A drawing is- 
always required in cases where the invention ad- 
mits of such representation, for which an additional 
charge of five dollars for each full sheet will be 
made. Upon return of the papers with fee the ap- 
plication is filed in the Patent Office, where it re- 
ceives our careful and assiduous attention to remove 
any difhculties which may be encountered, as it i& 
in this that the chief labor of the attorney is in- 
volved. When allowed, the final government fee 
of twenty dollars is called for, upon payment of 
which the patent is issued. This fee may be paid 
any time within six months from the date of allow- 
ance, but it is desirable not to delay it unless foreign 
patents be desired. The law in some foreign coun- 
tries requires the filing of an application before the 
issue of a United States patent." The manager of 
the "Washington house, Mr. Octavius Knight, is one 
of the best-known men in his profession in the city. 
He is an industrious, careful, and painstaking attor- 
nev, a wise and reliable counselor, and an accepted 
authority as an expert in patent cases. He, to- 
gether with his brothers, Messrs. Geo. H. and 
Samuel Knight, were born in England, while 
the remaining members of the firm are natives of 
Ohio. 



76 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



C. F. Wilkins & Co., Produce ('omraission 
Merchants, Nos. 921 Louisiana Avenue and 924 
C Street, N. W. — As a factor in commercial 
activity, the firm- produce butter and cheese, and 
their kindred interests stand second to none in im- 
portance in tlie United States to-day. The trans- 
actions in tliese products tlirough tlie medium of 
the commission liouse reach vastmagnitudeannually, 
and constitute one of tlie most extensive branches of 
trade in tlie country. Among the leading and best 
I known firms engaged in this line in Wasliington 
I may be named that of C. F. Wilkins & Co., produce 
j commission merchants, Nos. 921 Louisiana avenue 
'and 924 C street, N. W. (between Ninth and 
Tentii streets), which since its inception in 1871 
has maintained a deservedly high standing, as well 
as prominent j^osition in the trade, being by com- 
mon consent one of the most staple and reliable 
concerns of the kind in the city, while the connec- 
tions of the bouse are of a most substantial and 
gratifying cliaracter, affording evidence of steady 
and material increase year after year. It is con- 
ducted on sound business principles and its manage- 
ment characterized by foresight and untiring atten- 
tion to the interests of those placing consignments 
in their care. They handle general country pro- 
duce, butter, cheese, eggs, vegetables, fruits, hay, feed, 
oats, corn, calves, sheep, and cattle on commission 
exclusively, receiving consignments from all parts 
of the South and West (transactions in livestock 
being by carloads), and find market for their goods 
in the District of Columbia and vicinity entirely. 
The premises occupied comprise an entire three- 
story 25xl00-foot building, and a heavy and A 1 
stock is constantly carried on hand, a special feature 
being made of prompt returns at the most favorable 
current quotations. The firm is composed of Messrs. 
C. F. Wilkins and B. E. Hendrickson, natives of 
New Jersey, and residents here about fifteen years. 
They are both men of push and thorough business 
ability, and sustain an excellent reputation in 
commercial life. 

A. Li. Hazelton,Shoe Store, No. 423 Seventh 
Street. — One of the oldest and most respected busi- 
ness men in the city of Washington is Mr. A. L. 
Hazelton, tlie well-known proprietor of the shoe 
store at No. 423 Seventh street, under Odd Fellows' I 
Hall. He was born in Vermont in 1807, receiving 
his education in St. Lawrence county, N. Y., where 
he settled, and in 1844 and 1845 was elected to the } 
Assembly. He came to Wasliington in 1847, left 
in 1849, and returned again in 1853, and was in 
the Treasury Department for sixteen years. In 
18t!9 he became a partner with Mr. Geo. B. Wilson 
in the shoe business under the firni name of (ieo. 
B. Wilson 8i Co., and iu 1872 he assumed the sole 
control. He has one of the finest and most popu- 
lar shoe stores in the city 25x100 feet in dimen- 
sions, situated in the business heart of the town, | 
and stocked at all times with a splendid assortment 
of boots, shoes, gaiters, and rubbers, for men, women, 
misses, youths, boys, and children. The amplitude 
of the stock which is liere displaved embracing all 
the popular makes known to the tra^'e, ranks the 
liouse among the largest in the city. A leading 
specialty is made of E. C Burt h Co.'s ladies' fine 
shoes, which are everywhere regarded as the per- 
fection of stylf^, quality, and workmanship. The \ 
connections of tlie house witn manufacturers en- 
ables the proprietor to secure his supplies at the 



most advantageous rates and to sell them at prices 
which are safe from successful competition. Five 
clerks and salesmen contribute to the satisfactory 
operations of the affairs of the house, and the trade 
is brisk and lively at all seasons. 

Long-ley & Wolston, Real Estate Agents, 
McGowan Building, No. 629 F Street, N. W.— Al- 
though a comparatively new firm, as such, having 
been established on September 1st, 188(>. Longley 
& Wolston, real estate agents, have already attained 
a degree of preminence and secured a hold on 
jiublic favor and confidence enjoyed by only few of 
the older firms engaged in this line in the city. 
Prior to embarking in their fiourishing enterprise 
Mr. Longley had held a position in the Agricultural 
Department here for some twenty -one years, Avliich 
he resigned to devote his attention to the present 
business, while Mr. Wolston has had twenty odd 
years' experience in real estate transactions. Being 
thus admirably equipped, and, withal, men of en- 
ergy and excellent business ability, it is only in 
the nature of things that they should have achieved 
the gratifying success they enjoy. They transact a 
general real estate business, buying, selling, and ex- 
changing houses, farms, building lots,and other fea- 
tures of realty, attending to the collection of rents and 
letting of houses, and loans are negotiated on bond 
and mortgage, being accounted as among the best 
judges of the present and prospective value of both 
city and country property, improved and unim- 
proved alike, in Washington. They also place in- 
surance life and property risks with first class com- 
])anies. The copartnership consists of Messrs. A. 
T. Longley and J. R. Wolston, natives, respectively, 
of Massachusetts and Maine, both men of energy 
and judicious enterprise. Mr. Wolston enjoys a 
creditable war record, having served in the Third 
Maine Volunteer Infantry, (-"o. A, from 1861 to 
1865, and is a popular and prominent member of 
the Grand Army of the Republic, being Junior 
Vice Department Commander of the Union Vet- 
erans of the District of Columbia. 

J. S. Redman, General Commission Mer- 
chant, No. 924 Louisiana Avenue. — An industry of 
such importance as that conducted by Mr. J. S. 
Redman has so large a bearing upon the trade of 
this city as to demand more than ordinary consid- 
eration. The liouse was founded by the present 
proprietor fourteen years ago. The business con- 
nections of the house, both with producers and 
dealers, are of the most advantageous character, en- 
abling it to place consignments of farm products of 
all kinds, however large, without delay, thus aftord- 
ing to consignors prompt and satisfactory returns. 
Mr. Redman handles, at wholesale, tlie best brands 
of butter, cheese, eggs, vegetables, and farm products 
generally, and, when desired, he makes liberal ad- 
vances on consignments of all such products. He 
is daily iu receipt of consignments by the t-ir- 
load from all parts of the West, Maryland, ii'i^I 
Virginia, and his distributing trade extends over ^ 
wide area. His business premises are spacious and 
commodious, andtlicv comprise athree-storv build- 
ing 20x100 feet in dimensions and equipped with 
all necessarv appliances and conveniences for 
promptly filling all orders. Mr. Redman is a native 
of Maryland, is one of the most pleasing and socia- 
ble of men and has a large circle of acquaintances 
and extensive correspondence. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



William E. Spalding & Co., Painting Es- 
tablislunent, No. 1224 Pennsylvania Avenue.— The 
house of Messrs. William E. Spalding & Co. is the 
leading representative of the painting industry of 
Washington, and has been prominently identified 
with the j>rogress of that important interest for 
more than half a century. This old and reputable 
establishment was founded in 1836 by Messrs. 
Parker & Spalding, who conducted its affairs 
until 1870, when they were succeeded by Messrs. 
Callahan & Spalding. They in turn gave way to 
Messrs. Spalding & Son in 1872, and two years 
later, in 1874, the accession of the present firm 
took place. Throughout its career the concern has 
prosecuted a flourishing business, and the volume of 
its transactions is well illustrated in the fact that 
it has carried to satisfactory completion three- 
fourths of all the fine work in the District. The 
firm combine long and ri[)e experience with stu- 
dious and intelligent application. Estimates are 
furnished and contracts entered into for painting of 
every description, the work being done in exact 
accordance with the terms of agreement and to the 
entire satisfaction of customers. Messrs. Sfjalding 
& Co. refer to a large number of builders and 
architects under whose supervision they have 
worked and whose names will be cheerfully given 
when desired. Many of the most prominent and 
elegant public buildings and private dwellings in 
the city bear eloquent testimony to the finished 
character of their services. Employment is given 
to from seventy to eighty hands. We can recom- 
mend the firm as being prompt, thorough, and re- 
liable, while the prices which they quote are in 
moderation, such as might be expected from a con- 
cern whose facilities and resources are so abundant 
and complete. Tiie premises occupied are located 
at No. 1224 Pennsylvania avenue, comprising a 
two-story building 20x80 feet in dimensions. Re- 
sponsible and progressive, enterprising and ener- 
getic, Messrs. W. E. Spalding & Co. will continue 
to hold the high position which they gained in the 
early years of the city's history, and in which no 
rivalry has since disturbed them. 

R. W. Henderson & Co., Imported and 
American Wall Papers, No. 1113 F Street, N. W. 
— Not the least important branch of industry 
in the city of Washington is that of the dealer in 
wall papers and kindred goods. One of the most 
extensive and popular establishments in this line 
of trade is that of Messrs. R. W. Henderson & Co., 
located at No. 1113 F street, N. W. This 
house was established in 1881, and quickly took 
front rank among the more important sources of 
supply in this line of enterprise. The premises 
occupied by the business comprise a large and 
attractive store, with basement, 25x100 feet each, 
where a stock of imported and American wall 
papers is constantly carried, together with all the 
newest styles of window shades and trimmings, gilt 
picture rods, cords, and other articles pertaining to 
the business. In hangings and shades better taste 
is prevailing and greater care is taken by dealers in 
these goods to suit the requirements of patrons. 
Washington is not inferior to other cities in 
respect to the taste displayed, and no house in the 
business could well be surrounded by more favora- 
ble conditions than tho>e prevailing here. No one 
can inspect such a stock of materials and manu- 
factured goods as that carried by Messis. Hender- 



son & Co. without*admiring the artistic designs and 
beautiful combinations of colors there exhibited. 
Art in wall papers and interior decorations is as 
surely present to-day as it ever was in the decora- 
tions of ancient Athens. The prices which prevail 
are invariably fair and equitable. Mr. Henderson 
is a native of the District, a member of the Wash- 
ington Wall Paper Dealers' Association, and a 
business man of enterprise, ability, and strict 
integrity. 

McGrew & Small, Attorneys and Counselors- 
at-Law, Patents, Pensions, Claims, Room 27 Pacific 
Building, No. 623 F Street, N. W.— Among the lead- 
ing and most reliable law firms engaged in patent 
practice and the })rosecution of Government claims 
in Washington may be named that of Messrs. Mc- 
Grew & Small, attorneys and counselors-at-law. 
They make a specialty of patents, pensions, and 
claims and practice before the Supreme Court, 
District of Columbia, the Coiu't of Claims, and 
the Executive Department of the General Gov- 
ernment, special attention being given to the 
business of po.stmasters. United States attorneys, 
United States commissioners, clerks, marshals, in- 
ternal revenue collectors, pension agents, army 
and navy officers, Indian agents, registers and 
receivers of laud offices, surveyors, and collectors of 
customs, railroad and steamboat companies, mail 
contractors, and national banks. Prior to estab- 
lishing this firm some three years ago Messrs. J. M. 
McGrew and William Small had held the position 
of auditor and inspector in the Post-office Depart- 
ment, respectively, for seventeen and ten years, and 
Mr. McGrew has had an experience in this line 
since 1862, while Mr. Small's experience covers a 
period of nearly eighteen years. Being thus com- 
pletely equipped with the knowledge of the rules 
and technicalities of procedure in all features and 
phases of their practice and thoroughly conversant 
with every detail of their business, to which they 
devote close personal attention, it is only in the 
nature of things that they should have achieved 
the positive success that has attended their eflxjrts 
in their present enterprise. They handle United 
States and foreign patent cases, attending to re- 
issues, appeals, interferences, assignments, etc., also 
pension and claim cases, their clientele extending 
all over this country and Europe. 

lyf. T. Haller, Architect, No. 931 F Street, 
N. W. — Located at the capital of the nation there 
are a number of architects, notably among whom is 
Mr. N. T. Haller, who has for the past eight years 
been identified with the improvements and build- 
ings that have been going on since that time, and 
has erected many dwellings, prominent among 
which are the handsome row at the corner of P and 
Q streets, the D. H. Windsor and the Foster resi- 
dences, the Alexander building, etc; also, C. E- 
Foster's row, corner of Nineteenth and R streets, 
N. W., and G. S. Reed's residence. Eleventh street, 
N. W. Mr. Haller, who is a native of Frederick 
county, Md., has resided in this city about fifteen 
years. He is a careful architect, and in the build- 
ings erected by liim combines beauty wiih elegance 
in all his plans. He furnishes estimates to all who 
intend building, and is thoroughly proficient and a 
talented member of his profession, whose ambition 
is to excel, and will be found courteous and prompt 
and agreeable to all who engage his services. 



78 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



The National Union, of NVashington,D. C, 
Home Office, No. 9"Jl F Street, N. \V.— Life insur- 
ance has become one of the greatest, as well as one 
of the most important, branches of business in the 
civilized world. The all-important question, how- 
ever, is — where, in what company, and on what 
system can a person secure the safest and cheapest 
insurance? Tiie co-operative system has been tried 
for centuries with the most encouraging results, and 
has afforded more substantial relief to the members 
than any other system of insurance. The question 
of popular life insurance is one which deeply inter- 
ests hundreds of thousands of people all over the 
country. The want has, in a great measure, been 
met by innumerable benefit and aid associations ; 
and facts and figures go to show that they have 
been of the greatest advantage to their benefici- 
aries. Statistics show that only three men out of 
a hundred succeed in life, financially, and that the 
other ninety -seven either die poor or leave an es- 
tate too small to be of any special benefit to their 
families. Therefore, all the money distributed by 
life-insurance organizations become an insurance 
against pauperism, receiving charity, and all the 
disadvantages and evils incident to poverty. It 
often gives the helpless and penniless widows the 
means to clothe and educate their children and to 
fit them for future \isefulness. In thousands of in- 
stances life-insurance money has formed the basis 
for an education and a successful business career. 
In this connection special mention should be made 
of that excellent and flourishing institution in this 
city, the admirably conducted " National Union," 
home office, No. 921 F street, N.W., which is in all 
respects one of the most popular and reliable ex- 
ponciits of progressive insurance in this section of 
the country to-day, keeping pace with the spirit of 
the times by presenting to the public a short matu- 
rity plan of such amounts as will accommodate all. 
The Union is founded on the general principle that 
the insured must pay for the insurance, and the as- 
sociation which can, by efficient, honest, and eco- 
nomical management, reduce expenses to the lowest 
possible point, and furnish safe and reliable insur- 
ance, will secure the confidence and co-operation 
of the people who want protection; and the Na- 
tional Union has come the nearest to doing this, 
and is, therefore, deserving the confidence and pat- 
ronage of the public. No other plan of protection 
is as simple, safe, and equitable as this. Insurance 
heretofore has only been for those who could afford 
to pay large periodical ])ayments, and those who 
needed it the most had it the least, as they could 
not afford such large payments. The National 
Union gives insurance that can be depended upon 
at so cheap a rate that none need be without it. 
The surplus of the death assessment is placed with 
the maturity fund, to l)e used in paying certificates 
as they become due, and such maturity assessments 
will be made after the first year as may be neces- 
sary to complete the payment of maturing certifi- 
cates. Certificates of membership are issued to 
men, women, or children of any age, without a 
medical examination, entitling them to a benefit of 
from one hundred to one thousand dollars, in three 
or five years, if they live that long, or one-tenth 
of that amount for each comi)lete(l year of mem- 
bership in case of death. This jilan of giving the 
full benefit at a fixed time and providing for death 
also is entirely new, being a short term endowment, 
and is exceedingly popular. 



SCHEnULE. 

Amount Death Entrance Monthly Death 

Class. of Benelits. Fee. Dues. Assess- 

Certificate. ment. 

One .... $100 00 $10 00 S2 00 8 50 « 50 

Two .... 200 00 20 00 2 00 75 75 / 

Tliree . . . 300 00 30 00 2 00 1 00 1 00 

Four ... 400 00 40 00 2 50 1 00 1 00 

Five .... 500 00 50 00 3 00 1 25 1 25 

Six .... 600 00 60 00 3 25 1 50 1 50 

Seven ... 700 00 70 00 3 50 1 75 1 75 

Eight ... 800 00 80 00 4 00 2 00 2 00 

Nine ... 900 00 '.lO 00 4 .50 2 25 2 25 

Ten .... 1,01.0 00 100 00 5 00 2 50 2 50 

The National Union was duly incorporated under 
the laws of the District of Columbia, May 5th, 1S85, 
and its career from the start has been a record of 
steady progress, its connections now being of a most 
substantial and gratifying character, while the 
membership grows apace, and, unless all signs fail, 
the association is destined to fulfill its beneficent 
mission, " to afford aid and protection to its mem- 
bers, by present contributions to enable them to 
provide a fund for the future which will be of ben- 
efit to the member while living, or to his family in 
the event of the member's death," and become an 
enduring institution. The officers are as follows : 
Arthur Eomain, president; John P. Anderson, sec- 
retary, and J. F. Dandelet, treasurer, all gentlemen 
of the highest personal integrity, as well as of en- 
ergy, ability, and sagacity, and sustaining an excel- 
leht rejjutation in the community. 

Smith & Wardwell, Dealers in Fancy 
Goods, Novelties, Jewelry, etc., Nos. 705 and 707 
Pennsylvania Avenue. — There are few commer- 
cial enterprises that add so greatly to the import- 
ance of a city as the modern fancy goods establish- 
ments. Washington is not behind any city in the 
United States in the possession of such enterprises, 
as may easily be discovered by a visit to the exten- 
sive house of Messrs Smith & Wardwell, Nos. 705 
and 707 Pennsylvania avenue. The firm have 
likewise the following branches, viz.: Wardwell & 
Co., No. 7 Bowdoin square, Boston, Mass. ; F. W. 
Wardwell & Co., No. 210 Superior street, Cleve- 
land, O. ; Wardwell ct Co., No. 163 Summit street, 
Toledo, O. This business was originally estab- 
lished in Boston in ] 870 by Messrs. Emmons Smith", 
F. W. and E. J. Wardwell. The jiartners are 
thoroughly practical men, fully acquainted with 
every feature and detail of the business and the 
requirements of customers. The prcmisf s occupied 
in Washington comprise a spacious four-story build- 
ing 50x100 feet in dimensions, fully e(|uippcd with 
every facility and appliance for the acct mmodation 
and display of the immense stock. The assortment 
includes all kinds of faiKy goods, toys, notions, nov- 
elties, glassware, toilet articles, leaf her goods, jewelry, 
silverware, stationery, pictuies, etc., which are un- 
rivaled for quality, elegance, design, and excellence, 
whilethe pricesquoted necessarily attract the atten- 
tion of close and jirndent buyers. All goods art' pur- 
chased direct from the most famous maniifacinrcrs 
in large quantities, and the principle on wliicli this 
enterprise is conducted is that of just dealing, giv- 
ingfiill value for money. Seventy exiierienced sales- 
ladies, salesmen, etc., are enq>loyed. Messrs Smith, 
E. J. and F. AV. Wardwell are connoisseurs in fancy 
goods and novelties, and are highly regarded in 
commercial circles as business men of rare energy, 
and mav justly be considred as thoroughly identi- 
fied with the best interests of Washington. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



79 



St. James Hotel (European Plan), Levi 
Woodbury, Proprietor, Pennsylvania Avenue and 
Sixth Street. — For many years the St. James Hotel, 
iit the corner of Pennsylvania avenue and Sixth 
street, has been one of the most popular hostelries 
in the city of Washington, maintaining its prestige 
and popularity against all competition, and steadily 
increasing its patronage. The house was first 
ops led to the public in 1869 by the present proprie- 
tor, \lr. Levi Woodbury, than whom no more pop- 
ular host is known at the National Capital. The 
building is four stories in height, built of brick in 
the most substantial style, and has a frontage of one 
hundred and fifty feet on the avenue and two hun- 
dred feet on Sixth street. It contains one hundred 
and fifty rooms (many of them elegant suits), fifty 
having been added the ])ast year to accommodate tlie 
steady growth in patronage enjoyed by the house. 




The location is especially fine to accommodate all 
classes of patrons, being opposite the Pennsylvania 
railroad and the Baltimore and Potomac railroad 
depots and in the business heart of the city, easy 
of access to all places of amusement and convenient 
to the best jiart of the city. The hotel is operated 
upon the European plan, with an elegantly ap- 
pointed cafe on the ground floor, which is open for 
the accommodation of patrons until midnight. The 
car^e de Hie/i/t includes everything desirable that can 
be obtained in the excellent markets ofthecity, and 
the manner of service is all that could be desired by 
the most fastidious. The attendance is courteous, 
prompt, and obliging, and a sojourn at the St. James 
is made a pleasant experience by the enterprising 
and vf^ell-directed effi)rts of the proprietor to provide 
for the comfort of his guests. For the reasonable 
prices whieii prevail there is not in the city a more 
desirable stopping-place, and the universal verdict 
of tlie traveling public commends the St. James to 
strangers in Wasliingtou who desire quiet comfort 
anil home accommodations. The building lias just 
been remodeled and refurnished, has new patent 
fire escapes, passenger elevator, and, in short, all 
modera conveniences are provided, including an- 
nunciators, steam heat, and everything apper- 
taining to a first-class hotel, and sixty attentive, 
polite, expert persons are regularly employed in the 
diflTerent departments of the house. Mr. Woodbury, 
the proprietor, is a native of New Hampshire, and 
a resident of Washington for the past nineteen 



yeai's, where he is known as a public-spirited citizen 
and a genial, popular, and worthy host, whose rep- 
utation is established beyond the requirements of 
praise. 

Aixerbach & Bro., Hats and Men's Fur- 
nishing Goods, No. 623 Pennsylvania Avenue. — 
One of the most elegant and reliable of Washing- 
ton's retail establishments is that of Messrs. Auer- 
bach & Bro., outfitters and hatters. This popular 
and prospei'ous enterprise has been in successful 
operation here for the past ten years, and has built 
up a splendid trade. The house is conducted under 
the most favorable circumstances, being a branch 
of the great manufacturing concern of the same 
name located at No. 546 Broadway, New York city, 
which prosecutes an extensive business in all parts 
of the United States and gives employment to an 
average force of one hundred and fifty hands in the 
production of furnishing goods. M. J. Auerbach is 
the manager of the establishment in this city, and 
much of its success is undoubtedly due to his liberal 
and energetic efforts in behalf of the public. The 
store is 25x(S0 feet in dimensions, fitted up in the 
most appropriate and handsome manner, and admi- 
rably arranged for the exhibition and inspection 
of goods. The stock is full and complete in every 
line, and the display is of the most attractive and 
interesting character. The assortment embraces 
hats and caps in all the late and popular styles, and 
gentlemen's furnishings in great abundance and va- 
riety, including a multitude of ingenious and artis- 
tic patterns and designs which are demanded by 
prevailing taste and fashion. Supplies are received 
direct from the parent establishment, and besides 
their uniform superiority an immense advantage is 
thus gained in the matter of cost. 

]S"oali Walker & Co., the Popular Clothing 
Establishment, No. 625 Pennsylvania Avenue. — 
The Washington branch of tlie great clothing 
house of Messrs. Noah Walker & Co., of Baltimore, 
is a prominent and infiuential factor in the develop- 
ment of the industry in which it is engaged. It 
was founded in 1S50, and from the beginning has 
been under the management of Mr. Thomas Fran- 
cis, than whom there is not a more experienced, 
capable, and popular gentleman connected M'itli the 
trade anywhere. The premises occupied comprise 
a three-story building 2UxS0 feet in dimensions. It 
is systematically divided into departments, and ar- 
ranged in the most convenient manner for the ex- 
hibition and handling of the immense stock. The 
display is of the most complete and attractive char- 
acter, the assortment embracing fine clothing of 
every description for men, boys, youth, and children, 
while the range of selection is so wide that every 
want and taste is easily and satisfactorily met. All 
the clothing handled is made by the parent e-itab- 
lishment, which enables the firm to quote prices 
that cannot possibly be afforded by dealers whose 
situation is less favorable. A force of ten clerks is 
in constant attendance, and visitors are waited upon 
with promptitude and courtesy. The trade is ex- 
clusively retail. No goods are sold the quality of 
which cannot be distinctly guaranteed. Mr. Fran- 
cis is so well known to the people of this city, 
and has labored in their behalf for so many years, 
that further personal mention is entirely unneces- 
sary. 



80 



CITY OF IVA SUING TON. 



Rrllddeu's New Furniture and Carpet Install- 
ment House, Nos. 9;J0 and 932 Seventh Street, 
N. W. — To successfully conduct an extensive 
furniture and carpet establislunent requires not 
only ability of the best order, the most exact sys- 
tem of management, and a clear and well-de- 
fined appreciation of the popular taste, but tiie 
business must be operated upon a basis of integrity 
and honesty in representation by which the fullest 
measure of public conlidence may be secured. A 
striking illustration of the correctness of the fore- 
going statement is found in the large liouse of Mr. 
.John Rudden, Nos. %^^ and 932 Seventh street, 
X. W., which, although founded as late as 1881, 
has advanced to a position of the greatest import- 
ance. Mr. Rudden is thoroughly experienced, 
gives close and careful study to the changing de- 
mmds of public taste, and cultivates tiie resources 
of his establishment with judgment and liberal 
enterprise. The premises occupied comprise two 
splendid stores 20x80 feet each, witli spacious base- 
ments, and the wliole arranged in the best manner 
for storage and exhibition and the rapid and eco- 
nomical handling of goods. An immense stock is 
carried, embracing furniture, carpets, rugs, mats, oil- 
cloths, matting, baby carriages, refrigerators, and 
household goods generally. The furniture, which 
is carried in magnificent assortment, ranges in 
(juality from the plainest to the most elaborate and 
costly, and many beautiful specimens of mechani- 
cal skill and excellence are shown which cannot 
fail to arrest the attention of judicious purchasers. 
The supply is of the most complete and compre- 
hensive character, and well calculated to meet the 
requirements of every taste and fancy. In tlie 
carpet department a fine display is made, the goods 
representing the products of the most noted Ameri- 
can and European manufacturers, and the stock 
containing all the latest novelties and patterns and 
many of the most exquisite designs it is possible to 
obtain. All other articles are kept in the same 
variety and abundance, and whatever is most es- 
teemed for adding to the comfort or elegance of 
home surroundings is here found in its most attrac- 
tive and reliable form. The prices are placed at the 
lowest point of moderation, and a specialty is made 
of the popular installment plan, by which, on mak- 
ing modest payments at certain intervals, the choic- 
est goods may be obtained without appreciable 
drain upon the purses of those with only limited 
means. The house is in every particular a most 
progressive, valuable, and responsible factor in the 
commerce of the city, and Mr. Rudden is a gentle- 
man who may be implicitly relied upon to serve the 
best interests of all who favor him with their 
patronage. 

E. Burg-dorf, Liverv and Sale Stables, Nos. 
418 and 420 Eighth Street, N. W.— The largest 
and most prominent livery, sale, and boarding 
stable in the city of Washington is that of Mr. E. 
Burgdorf, located at Nos. 410, 412, 416, 418, and 
420, and 409 and 411 Eighth street. Established in 
1873 by the present proprietor, it has gradually 
been increased in size and facilities, until it is now 
the leading establishment of tlie kind at the National 
Capital. Its success and popularity lias been 
developed by strict attention to business, prompt : 
and^ courteous treatment of patrons, an(l perfect 
equipment of all teams let. The main stable is 
two-stories high, 50x100 feet in dimensions, well 



lighted and ventilated, provided with drains 
arranged upon sanitaiy principles. The carriage- 
house adjoining is8Uxl00 feet, and another is located 
opposite equal lu dimensions. The whole eslablish- 
meiit is a model of neatness and good order, and 
rarely equaled in arrangement and management iu 
any of our largest cities. The stock of horses is 
large in number and incluctes those suitable ior 
ladies to drive, as well as those noted for si)eed and 
good staying qualities. Styiish carriages, buggies, 
phaetons, coupes, and other vehicles are to let upon 
reasonable terms with experienced drivers in livery 
when desired, the whole outfit in every respect be- 
ing first-class. The stables have first-class accom- 
modations, and a force of thirty hands is employed 
to attend to the care of the stock and the wants of 
customers. Mr. Burgdorf is considered an excellent 
authority upon the care and treatment of liorses^ 
and does a large business in the purchase and sale 
of horses from all parts of the country. He has 
also a large and influential patronage in boarding 
horses, and gives his personal attention to ail the 
details of his business, this insuring promi)t and 
reliable service to all who call upon him. Mr. 
Burgdorf is well known in the business circles of 
the city, and is responsible and straightforward in 
all his transactions. 

j Washing-ton Copying Company, A. E. 

Burcke, Proprietor, Copying and Enlarging Pho- 
tographs, etc., Oil, Water, and Crayon Work, 
P^rench Pastels, etc., No. 639 F Street. — In no branch 
of industry, science, or art has there been made more 
progress of late years than in photographing and all 
branches pertaining thereto. In this connection . 
attention is directed to the deservedly popular 
Washington Copying Company, whose admirably 
conducted and attractive studio and art gallery are 
located at No. 639 F street (opposite United 
States Patent Office), where copying and enlarging 
of photographs, tintypes, ambrotypes, etc., are 
executed in the highest style of art, also crayon,. 
French pastel, oil, water colors, and kindred fine 
portrait work, the pictures leaving this well- 
ordered establishment being first-class in every re- 
spect, in fidelity to copy or original, execution, and 
finish. This flourishing business was started in 
1878 by Mr. William Williams, who was suc- 
ceeded by Key.ser & Reynolds, who conducted it 
up to February, 1886, when they were succeeded by 
the present proprietor, Mr. A. E. Burcke, who has 
since continued it with the most gratifying success, 
his trade, wiiich is of a very substantial character, 
extending all over the United States and Mexico. 
The premises occupied are neat and commodious, 
and completely equipped in every respect, while an 
elegant collection of oil, water-colors, and neutral 
tint portraits and artistic photographs of variou.s 
styles and designs render an exceedingly fine dis- 
play. Copying and enlarging in all their brandies 
are attended to in the most superior and satisfactory 
manner, the French pastel being a picture find- 
ing very much favor with agents, and drawings for 
United States and foreign patents are made 
accurately and reliably, fine crayon work being the 
specialty. Mr. Burcke, who is a native of Mary- 
land, but has resided in the District upward of a 
quarter of a century, is a gentleman of courteous 
manners and strict integrity, as well as enterprise 
and ability, and well merits the large measure of 
popular favor and prosperity he enjoys. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



81 



Xorris Peters, Photo-Lithographer, No. 458 
Pennsylvania Avenue. — The lithographing estab- 
lishment of Mr. Norris Peters, No 4oS Pennsyl- 
vania avenue, furnishes an illustration of the fact 
that Washington is well up with her sister cities in 
the artistic industries. This concern was founded 
in 1869 by Messrs. Peters & Rehn, the present pro- 
prietor assuming the sole control in 1870. Mr. 
Peters is a tiioroughly practical representative of 
the industry in which he is engaged, and his liberal, 
enterprising, and efficient management finds its 
reward in a large, first-class, and constantly increas- 
ing trade. A two-story building 50x130 feet in 
dimensions is occupied, which is specially arranged 
for the business carried on within its walls, and 
abundantly provided with the latest and most im- 
proved machinery ana ai)pliances that can be used 
to advantage. In fact, every facility and conve- 
nience of a desirable character is at hand, and 
the establishment is one of the most completely 
erpilpped to be found anywhere. Lithograph- 
ing of every kind is done in the most admirable 
manner, including maps, charts, and general 
commercial work, and a leading specialty is made 
of photo-lithographing, for the excellence of 
which Mr. Peters has a higii and well-earned 
reputation. An average force of fifty skilled hands 
is kept constantly busy, and a corps of artists of 
marked ability and repute in the profession pro- 
vides the beautiful and appropriate designs for 
which the house is noted. The productions of the 
establishment are unsurpassed, and are in high 
favor with business men and otiiers throughout 
Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Colimibia. 
Designs and estimates are cheerfully furnished 
when desired, and the resources accumulated dur- 
ing more than seventeen years enable Mr. Peters 
to promptly fill all contracts with the very best 
work at the lowest prices. Mr. Peters is a native 
of Pennsylvania, has resided in Washington for 
twenty years, and is a reliable and responsible gen- 
tleman, in whose repi-esentations full faith and 
confidence may be reposed. 

Harry Standiford (Successor to C. H. 
Nourse & Co.), Apothecary and Pharmacist, cor- 
ner of Ninth and F Streets, N. W., St. Cloud 
Building, — The above well-appointed and beau- 
tifully fitted-up store was started in 1872 by J. 
T. Cole & Co., who held it until 1878, when they 
were succeeded by C. H. Nourse & Co., which firm 
carried on the business for the three following 
years, being in their turn succeeded in 1881 by Mr 
Harry Standiford, the present proprietor. The 
stock is large, comprising a full line of drugs and 
medicines of every description. Special attention 
is given to the compounding of physicians' jirescrip 
tions, which are put up only by an efficient staff 
of assistants, who are all graduates in pharmacv 
and are on duty both night and day. The store is 
20x40 feet in dimensions. Connected with it is a 
large basement, equally well stocked, 20x100 feet, 
and connected with a cellar, with a complete out- 
fit for manufacturing soda, where steel fountains 
only are used A feature of the store is its beauti- 
ful soda- water fountain, where the finest flavors 
can always be had. Mr. Standiford also carries a 
large stock of fancy and toilet articles, soaps, per- 
fumery, etc., and is also agent for Meyers' grease 
paints, powders, and rouge, which he dispenses to 
the public at the same prices they may be pur- 

6 



chased for in New York. Mr. S. is a native of Vir- 
ginia, and holds his diploma as a graduate of the 
National College of Pharmacy. This is the only 
pharmacy in Washington that accommodates its 
customei's by keeping open day and night. 

Royce & Marean, Dealers in Electrical 
Apparatus, Telephone, Telegraph, and General 
Electrical Supplies, No. 1408 Pennsylvania Ave- 
nue, opposite Willard's Hotel. — The furnishing 
and fitting up of electrical appliances of every de- 
scription now forms a very important and exten- 
sive branch of industry, and in this line Messrs. 
Royce & Marean take a leading position The co- 
partners, Messrs. F. W. Royce and Morell Marean, 
arebothnativesof Pennsylvania, and the former has 
resided for thirty years and the latter for a quarter 
of a century in Washington. They formed their 
partnership in 1880, and their 'enterprise has been 
attended by the most marked success. They occupy 
a well-appointed, attractive store 25x90 feet in di- 
mensions, and here they deal in electrical supplies 
of every description, and contract for the fitting up 
of all kinds of electrical apparatus. This firm put 
up all the electrical appliances in the Government 
buildings, and they send competent workmen to all 
sections of the country to put up the Edison incan- 
descent and other electric lights, telephone and 
telegraph appliances, electrical bells, bnrglar alarms, 
etc. Estimates are cheerfully supplied for fitting 
hotels and private residences with electrical appa- 
ratus. The firm are the agents for Gardner's 
system for correcting clocks by electricity, and for 
furnishing standard time to stores, hotels, rail- 
roads, and private residences. The Gardner clock 
is a handsome eight-day clock, and lias attached to 
it an electro-magnet, which is connected by means 
of a suitable wire with the United Naval Observa- 
tory, whence an electric current is sent that forces 
the hands of the clock to be moved to their correct 
position and in keeping with the standard clock at 
the Observatory. These clocks have been placed 
in the principal Government offices. 

Jno. A. Prescott, Real Estate Broker and 
Auctioneer, No. 1416 F Street, N. W. — Among 
those who are largely contributing to the material 
development of the real estate interests of Wash- 
ton is Mr. Jno. vV. Prescott, who established him- 
self as a real estate broker and auctioneer in 1881, 
and has become actively identified with the real 
estate interests of the city and District and through- 
out Maryland and Virginia. He is a recognized 
authority as to the values of realty in all sections 
of the District,>nd those investors who have been 
guided by his judgment and advice have invariably 
secured properties returning a handsome income. 
He devotes special attention to the sale and jmr- 
chase of improved and unimproved properly and 
to the leasing of houses, stores, and busine.-s (rem- 
ises. He possesses unsurpassed facilities fn- tlie 
safe investment of money and the prompt negotia- 
tion of loans on bond and mortgage, assumes entire 
management of estates, collects rents, and attends 
to business of this nature with fidelity and dis- 
patch. Mr. Prescott has resided here for twenty- 
five years, is well known as a notary public, and as 
secretary of Federal Building Association, No. 2, 
and of Serial Savings and Building Association, 
, both of this citv. 



82 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



Luttrell & Wine, Foreign and Domestic 
Dry Goods, Fancy Articles, etc , No. 1980 Penn- 
sylvania Avenue. — The dry goods interest of Wash- 
ington is so intimately connected with our com- 
mercial development, and a factor of such influence 
in the welfare of every other branch of trade, as to 
demand sjiecial recognition by any work bearing 
upon the general resources of the city. Prominent 
among the oldest and most substantial liouses en- 
gaged in this field of mercantile activity is that of 
Messrs. Luttrell & Wine, Ko. lUoO Pennsylvania 
avenue. This concern was founded as far back as 
1855 by Messrs. Johnson, Sutton A: Co., and the 
business passed successively into the hands of 
Messrs. Hennage, Luttrell & Co., Luttrell, Wine & 
Co., and, finally, the present firm eighteen years 
ago. The individual members are Thomas J. Lut- 
trell and Louis D. Wine, both thoroughly expe- 
rienced dry goods men, intimately familiar with 
every want and requirement of the trade, com- 
manding extensive resources, and enjoying the 
favor and confidence not only of those with whom 
they sustain relations but of the public at large. 
The store is splendidly located, measures 30x120 
feet, and is supplied with every known convenience 
for rapidly and economically handling the heavy 
business. The stock of dry goods, silks, satins, vel- 
vets, and dress goods, notions, fancy goods, hosiery, 
ladies' and gents' furnishings, laces, embroideries, 
trimmings, etc., is of the most complete and com- 
prehensive character, and includes everything to 
be found in any first-class house of this kind in the 
country. The firm possess imsurpassed facilities 
for the collection of supplies, make their purchases 
direct from manufacturers and importers, and give 
their correspondents at the several centres of fash- 
ion carle blanche to consign to them the freshest and 
choicest novelties in every line as soon as they are 
ready for the market. Thus customers are assured of 
obtaining at this enterprising and responsible house 
the most reliable and stylish goods long before 
they make their appearance on the counters or^-on- 
cerns whose equipment and preparation are less 
thorough. Responding to the close and trying 
competition peculiar to the dry goods trade, Messrs. 
Luttrell & Wine place their i)rices at the lowest 
point of moderation, and give to patrons every 
possible advantage that can be afforded with justice 
to themselves. Both a wholesale and retail busi- 
ness is transacted, and the volume of patronage, 
already large and first-class, is constantly increas- 
ing under the intelligent and well-directed efforts 
of the proprietors. Both members of the firm 
are natives of Virginia. They have resided in 
Washington fbr many years, and have by their 
energy and honorable dealings sDntributed most 
materially to the general well-being of the city's 
commerce. 

Cannon's Liver Tonic, William Minor 
Cannon, Proprietor, No. 'IWW Seventh Street, 
S. W. — There is undoubtedly an everlasting truth 
in the statement that the liver is the great master 
wheel of life's machinery, that it regulates the 
whole mechanism of man, that when the liver 
becomes torpid the whole system becomes out of 
order, followed by cold feet, headache, despondency, 
and death. It is some consolation to know- that 
there is a well-tried, thoroughly tested remedy for 
liver derangements, and this is Cannon's liver 
tonic, dyspeosia remedy, and blood purifier, which 



has stood the test of fifty years, and is approved of 
to this day. Is purely a vegetable extract, free from 
minerals or any ingredients detrimental to health. 
Kemoves bile, corrects disorders of the liver and 
stomach, purines the blood, gives strengtii, tone, 
and a healthy action to the entire system, cures 
dyspcj)sia, constipation of the bowels, loss of appe- 
tite, giddiness of the head, headache, bilious 
hypochondria, colic, or any diseases arising from 
a disordered liver or stomach. One dose of the 
liver tonic will move the bo^vels sufficiently to carry 
off the old accumulations or deposits of months, 
purifying the blood in a marveluus manner, in fact, 
the restorative ciuallties of this medicine is surpris- 
ing to ail who try it. Females suffering from 
disease peculiar to their sex will find in this liver 
invigorator a great restorer to health. More than 
one-half of the complaints which occur in this 
country are considered as having their seat in a 
diseased state of the liver. More than three-fourths 
of the diseases enumerated under the head of con- 
sumption, kidney afit^^ction, and rheumatism have 
their seat in a diseased liver. This is truly a fright- 
ful catalogue, and the remedy is Cannon's liver 
tonic. Mr. Wisdom will tell you that if Cannon's 
liver tonic has cured thousands of men, women, and 
children, it will not cure him, and he will not try 
it, good or bad. Mr. Mule will have nothing to do 
with it, good or bad. Mr. Commonsense thinks 
that as Cannon's liver tonic has cured others it 
might cure him, and he will try it, and then be the 
better judge. The tonic is kept by all respectable 
druggists in all the leading cities of the country, 
and is retailed at fifty cents per bottle. Mr. Cannon 
was born in Fredericksburg, Ya., seventy-three 
years ago, and fifty years since he began the manu- 
facture of his now far-famed liver tonic, on Ivouisi- 
ana avenue, in this city. Here lie remained until 
four years ago, wlien he removed to No. 233 
Seventh street, S. W., where he has a fine, well- 
appointed store and laboratory. Orders for the 
liver tonic, whether at wholesale or retail, are 
promptly and satisfactorily filled, and satisfaction is 
guaranteed. 

Charles B. Fuse, Artistic Paperhanger,^ 
Window Shades and Trimmings, Gilt Picture Rods, 
Cords, etc.. No. 1734 Pennsylvania Avenue. — In 
proportion to the smallness of its cost nothing con- 
tributes so much to the comfort and elegance of 
our homes as carefully chosen Mall pajiers. One of 
the prominent dealers in this city is Mr. Charles B. 
Fuse, whose fine store is located at No. 1734 
Pennsylvania avenue, between Seventeenth and 
lughteenth streets. Here he keeps constantly on 
hand all the latest and many of the old and well- 
tried patterns of both French and American wall 
papers, besides a splendid assortment of window 
shades, trimmings, gilt picture rods, cords, etc., all 
of which are offered at prices that cannot ])Ossibly 
be duplicated. It is always a genuine j)leasnre to 
deal with Mr. Fuse. As a paperhanger and gen- 
eral interior decorator he enjoys a higii reputation 
and receives a large and first-class patronage. De- 
signs and estimates are furnished when desired, and 
all orders are executed thoroughly and artistically 
by workmen of long experience and superior skill. 
Mr. Fuse established his present business in 1882, 
and by his honorable methods and sedulous study 
to please has won a wide circle of patrons and 
friends. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



83 



Z. D. Gilnian, Pharmacist, No. 627 Pennsyl- 
vania Avenue. — One of the oldest and most reliable 
pharmacies in the city is that conducted by Mr. Z. 
D. Oilman. This house was founded in 1822 by 
Mr. Seth Todd, who was succeeded by Mr. (xilman 
in 1850. lie became widely known as proprietor 
of Gilman's liniment, Gilman's cough syrup, and 
Gilman's hair invigorator. He died in 1876, and 
the business has since been conducted by Mrs. E. 
H. Gilman and Mr. Joseph D. Franzoni. It is an 
elegant establishment in eveiy way. The arrange- 
ments and appointments of the store are thoroughly 
convenient for ins^section and sale. A splendid 
line of goods is shown in every branch of business. 
Tlie pure and superior assortment of drugs, medi- 
cines, and pharmaceutical preparations is supplied 
from the most reputable sources and selected witii 
special reference to strengtii and freshness. In the 
line of novelties in perfumery, toilet goods, and 
fancy articles the enterprise of the proprietors has 
placed within the reach of patrons ancl the public 
the best articles that can be purchased. The house 
is perfectly ecpiipped for its specialty of prescrip- 
tions, and absolute accuracy is invariably assured. 
They have just laid in a fresh stock of surgical in- 
struments for daily use, comprising hypodermic 
syringes in new patterns and cases, clinical ther- 
mometers, and a complete assortment of atomizers 
and Gaifle's batteries. The proprietors offer a 
full line of instruments of the highest finish and 
best quality at prices tliat defy competition. They 
also keep a full line of physicians' supplies of all 
kinds, as well as chemical glassware and apparatus 
of the finest quality. Five clerks contribute to the 
satisfactory opei-ation of the affairs of the house, 
and the patronage is large and first-class. 

William Wag-ner, Sporting Goods, Hard- 
ware, and Cutlery, No. 207 j Pennsylvania Avenue, 
E. — For the past decade this liouse has been a 
prominent one among the leading mercantile en- 
terprises of Washington. The proprietor, Mr. 
William Wagner, was born in this city and for a 
score of years followed the business of a practical 
gunsmith. Ten years ago he opened his present 
business house, and this consists of a salesroom 
20x60 feet in dimensions and of a well-equipped 
workshop in tlie rear. The stock carried is a large 
and varied one, and it embraces a very full and de- 
sirable assortment of builders' and general hard- 
ware, cutlery of all kinds, carj)enters' and meciian- 
ics' tools, guns of foreign and domestic manufac- 
ture, and sporting goods of every description, gar- 
den implements, etc. The uniform low prices, Mr. 
Wagner's exhaustive knowledge of his business, 
and his record for square dealing, have all con- 
tributed to make his establisliment the popular one 
it is. He is a prominent and respected member of 
the Odd-Fellows and of the Masonic fraternity. 

Seventh Street Mourning- Store, Ee- 

liable Cloth and Silk House, No. 736 Seventh 
Street, between G and H Streets, N. W. ; J. E. 
Young, Proprietor. — This business was founded in 
1862 by Messrs. J. E. Young and Behrend. It was 
originated in Georgetown and removed to Seventh 
street, and in 1876 it was removed to its present 
location. Tiie premises comprise a building with 
two floors and basement, and covering an area of 
25x110 feet. They are fitted up in the most ele- 
gant and attractive manner, and the second floor is 



utilized for the manufacture of ladies' and gentle- 
men's underclothing of every description. The 
lower floor is filled to repletion with a vast assort- 
ment of this class of goods, with ladies' and gentle- 
men's furnishings of all kinds, tailors' trimmings, 
silks, velvets, satins, woolens, and other dress 
fabrics, cloaks of the most fashionable make, i'ancy 
goods, notions, and mourning goods in great variety. 
A specialty is made of mourning goods, of which a 
very large and effective display is made. Dry 
goods of every description always on hand. The 
house is noted, not only for the excellence of its 
goods, but for the low prices which invariably pre- 
vail. Ten hands are employed. The house has a 
large and growing patronage, and the success and 
confidence enjoyed are fully merited. Mr. Young, 
who is a native of Germany, has been a resident of 
Washington since 1854. 

Charles A. Kranse, Wall-Papers and Win- 
dow-Shades, No. 1223 New York Avenue, N. W. — 
A representative house in these lines is that of Mr. 
Charles A. Krause, the widely known paperhanger 
and decorator. He established this business at the 
present location in 1868. Progressive excellence 
has always been his motto, and in every department 
of his profession he has steadily maintained the 
highest standard of excellence. He is possessed of 
many years of practical experience and has done 
much of the decorating and paperhanging that are 
so much admired in the private residences and 
public resorts of this city and vicinity. He is also 
an expert in the fitting up of wainscots with lin- 
crusta and the solid relief finish so deservedly pop- 
ular. The store is very large and commodious, 
neatly and attractively fitted up, and contains a full 
and complete stock of all kinds of wall-paper of 
foreign and domestic manufacture, including bor- 
ders, dadoes, centrepieces, and the finest grades of 
window-shades, curtains, and draperies and their 
trimmings. None but the most skillful and profi- 
cient workmen are employed, and satisfaction is 
guaranteed in every case. Mr. Krause was born in 
Baltimore, where he learned his trade, and has re- 
sided here since 1870. He is a member of the Odd 
Fellows' fraternity, and enjoys the confidence of 
the entire community. 

Benedict Roth, Manufacturer of and Dealer 

in Saddlery, Harness, and Trunks, No. 1033 Seventh 
Street. — A leading house in the saddlery and hard- 
ware line is that of Mr. Benedict Roth, who founded 
his enterprise here in 1869. The premises occupied 
ai'e admirably adapted for the business, are commo- 
dious, well arranged, and equipped with every ap- 
pliance and facility. The spacious salesroom con- 
tains an elegant and extensive variety of all kinds 
of ladies' and gentlemen's saddles, single and double 
harness, saddlery, carriage goods, whips, robes, 
and horsefurnishing goods of all descriptions, 
which are offered at the lowest prices consistent 
with good material and workmanship. A full 
line of leather trunks and other leather goods 
is also kept on hand. A specialty is made of the 
custom department, leather goods of all kinds 
being manufactured to order at the shortest 
notice. Mr. Roth is a native of Washington, born 
in 1847, and entered upon the study of his pres- 
ent trade when quite young, and is a master of 
all its various branches. 



84 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



Rig-g'S House, Fifteenth and G Streets, C. 
W. Spofibid, Proprietor. — A perfect exponent of 
the truly American science of first-class hotel keep- 
ing is the fiunous and widely known "Riggs 
House." In every way the Kiggs House is a repre- 
sentative establishment, sharing equally with two 
or three other houses the high honor and fame of 
standing at the head of the business in the city of 
Washington. In truth, it has never been called on 
to compete with other hotels, for since it was 
opened in 1S70 it has always had a select, influen- 
tial, and extensive patronage from the classes of 
the conununity which, j)Ossessed of wealth and re- 
finement, instinctively seek (Jut the best of every- 
thing. The guests of the Riggs House have the 
best accommodation, fare, and service, and the hotel 
renews on its registers year after year the names of 
hosts of our prominent citizens, senators, congress- 
men, foreign tourists and diplomats, who make it 
their permanent home wlien in the capital. The 
location of the Riggs House is absolutely central. 
It is opposite the United States Treasury Build- 
ings and in the immediate neighborhood of the 
President's Mansion, State, War, and Navy Depart- 
ments. Street cars to and from depots, t'apitol, and 
all the Departments pass the house every three 
minutes during the day. The Riggs House has a 
frontage of 140 feet by a depth of 250 feet. It is 
seven stories in height, and architecturally forms a 
handsome addition to this section of the city. The 
interior appointments of this splendid structure are 
of the most elegant and luxurious character, fully 
in keeping with its international reputation. Mr. 
Spofibrd, tlie popular ])roprietor, hasentirely refitted 
and furnished it in the most complete manner, all 
its appointments and equipments being exception- 
ally perfect in character. The plumbing and sani- 
tary arrangements have been constructed under the 
supervision of an eminent sanitary engineer, and 
the entire building has been supplied with the lat- 
est improved appliances, thus effectually securing 
guests against ihe inconveniences and dangers re- 
sulting from imperfect ventilation, drainage, and 
the ravages of lire. The handsome offices, recep- 
tion-parlors, and dining-rooms are richly frescoed 
and decorated, and are connected with the various 
floors by spacious and easy staircases and the most 
approved safety passenger-elevators. The Riggs 
House contains two hundred and twenty-five rooms 
and has superior accommodations for four hundred 
guests. The culinary department is under the 
supervision of a distingiushed French chef. 
Everything that art, capital, and science can devise 
has been utilized, including billiard and reading- 
rooms, electric lights, elevaiors, electrical commu- 
nication, etc., and visitors having once stO[)ped here 
are certain to return again when visiting Washing- 
ton. Mr. Spoflbrd has had foriy years' experience 
in hotel keeping, and was formerly steward under 
Paran Stevens at the Tremont House, Boston, and 
of the Continental, of Philadelj)hi:i, and also one of 
the proprietors Few men iiave had a more practiciil 
and valuable experience, and which is so creditably 
shown in the Riggs management. He is a native 
of New Hampshire, and is highly regarded for his 
kind and courteous manners, energy, and integrity. 
The merits of the Riggs House are too widely known 
and recognized to require any further explanation 
here, and the best jiroof of its remarkable pojMi- 
larity is a Horded by the thousands who have already 
enjoyed its comfort and hospitality. 



Beale Bros. & Co., Commission Merchants 
and Receivers and Sellers of all kinds of Fish, Game, 
Oysters, Terrapin, Lobsters, etc.. No. 1007 Louisi- 
ana Avenue, N. W. — xVlthough a comparatively 
new concern — having been established in Novem- 
ber, 188(j — the enterprising and prosperous firm of 
Beale Bros. & Co., connuission merchants and re- 
ceivers and sellers of all kinds of fish, game, oys- 
ters, terrapin, dairy product.s, etc., lias already at- 
tained a position in the front rank in this import- 
ant activity. The premises occupied conqirise an 
entire three-story 3.5x100 foot building, besides a 
wharf on Potomac river for unloading oyster-boals 
and an extensive and excellent stock is alwayscarried 
on hand to meet the steady and rapidly increas- 
ing demand, including fish, oysters (direct from 
their own beds), clams, crabs, lobsters, and 
sea food of every variety, terrapin, game, poul- 
try, butter, cheese, eggs, and general country 
produce, upward of one hundred barrels of oysters 
alone being handled daily, while over twenty hands 
are employed. Consignments are solicited and a 
special feature of the concern is prompt returns at 
the most favorable market quotations, the trade be- 
ing both wholesale and retail. The individual 
members of the firm are Messrs. E. M. and W. H. 
Beale, natives of Virginia, where they had been 
engaged in the same line for some time prior to 
settling in Washington about one year ago. They 
do an extensive wholesale oyster business from 
their wharves in Virginia, selling exclusively to 
packers in Baltimore and Washington. They refer 
by permission to the following list of bankers, mer- 
chants, and businessmen : Ciane, Parris A Co., bank- 
ers, Washington, D. C. ; R. A. Sanford, Baltimore, 
Md.; Roth & Geoghegan, merchants, AVashington, 
1). C. ; General R. L. T. Beale, Hague, Westmore- 
land county, Va. ; Rev. W. W. Walker, Hague, 
Westmoreland county, Va.; Frank Brown, Hague, 
Westmorehind county, Va.; C. G. Tubman »i Co., 
Mount Holly, Va., and John Lloyd, cashier First 
National Bank, Altoona, Pa. 

Edward Ij. I>eiit«&Co., Mechanical Engi- 
neers and Maiiufacttirers' Agents, No. 1413 G 
Street, N. W. — X i)roniinent house engaged in this 
line of industry is tliat of Messrs. Edward L. Dent 
& Co., who established this enterprise in 1885. The 
premises occupied are spacious and commodious, 
consisting of a store and basement, which contain a 
very full and complete assortment of nearly all 
kinds of machinery and scientific ajjpliances of the 
most recent inventions and improvements, consist- 
ing in ])art of steam and liot water heating and 
ventilation ajjparatus, Duplex steam-heating spe- 
cialties, Nonpareil Steam Heater, Rutzler & 
Blake's heaters, S. S. Graves <& Sons' passenger 
antl freight elevators, and C. PI. Delaniater & 
Co.'s heaters, steam pumps, etc., etc., and also for 
erecting jiiachinery. iNIr. Dent is thoroughly well 
versed in all kinds of machinery, is a graduate of 
Stevens College in all tiiat pertains to the science 
of technology, and he is also a meinlier of the 
.'Vmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers, while 
his ]:)artner, Mr. George R. Herbert is a practical 
mechanic of many years' experience. Estimates are 
duly furnished for all kinds of machinery, and all 
descriptions of repairs are executed by experienced 
and careful workmen. They are agents for the 
Duj)lex. Both partners are natives of the city and 
enjoy the fullest confidence of all who know them. . 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



85 



p. D. Stone, Keal Estate Broker, No. 1226 
F Street, N. W. — A gentleman pronunently identi- 
fied witli the real estate business in the city of 
Washington is Mr. I). D. Stone, of No. 1226 F 
street, N. W. The business was founded in 1880 
by Messrs. Stone & Littlefield, and was conducted 
under the joint management of these gentlemen 
until August, 1886, when, through the retirement 
of Mr. Littlefield, Mr. Stone succeeded to the en- 
tire control. Mr. Stone has a rare personal knowl- 
edge of the present and prospective values of real 
estate in this city and its environs, and has made 
some heavy transactions for patrons in the purchase 
of and locating of loans on first-class realty, and has 
acquired an extensive clientage in the matter of 
renting houses, collecting rents, and the manage- 
ment of estates. He is a thoroughly e.'jperienced 
and accomplished attorney-at-law, and makes a 
specialty of law relating to real estate. In this de- 
partment of his business Mr. Stone has an influen- 
tial and remifuerative patronage. He has patrons 
in all parts of the District, Maryland, and Virginia. 
Mr. Stone was born in Virginia, and obtained his 
education at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., 
graduating from that institution in 1859. He was 
principal of Tuscarora Academy from 1868 to 1877, 
during wliich time the degree of Ph.D. was con- 
ferred upon him by Washington and Jefferson Col- 
lege, Pa. Hetiieii practicedlawatMifflinton,. Juniata 
county, Pa., from which place he came to this city 
and entered upon the real estate business. 

James M. Hodg-es, Dealer in Artists' and 
Painters' Supplies, No. 1312 Pennsylvania Avenue, 
N. W. — An e-itablishment opened in June, 1886, in 
the city of Washington, for the sale of painters' 
and artists' supplies, is that of Mr. James M. 
Hodges, of No. 1312 Pennsylvania avenue, N. W. 
This gentleman is a native of Philadelphia, and 
came from that city to the National Capital eigh- 
teen years ago, learning the sign painting and gen- 
eral interior decorating trade in Philadelphia. 
Through his industry, perseverance, and economy 
he was enabled to open his present fine establish- 
ment, and he is meeting witli deserved snccess in 
his enterprise. The store occupied is 20x60 feet in 
dimensions, and is fitted up in excellent style. It 
is filled with a remarkably fine stock, comprising 
everything in the line of window-glass, dry and 
mixed paints, oils, varnishes, brushes, and every- 
tliing used by painters, artists, calciminers, and 
general interior decorators. Mr. Hodges employs 
a number of skilled workmen and executes to order 
the most artistic styles of interior decorations and 
house painting generally, guaranteeing perfect sat- 
isfaction with all work and ju-ices charged. He 
also performs sign painting for the trade and has a 
large patronage in this, as in every other depart- 
ment of his business. All orders are given prompt 
attention. Mr. Hodges gives every attention to his 
customers and will be found a very pleasant busi- 
ness man with whom to have dealings. 

J. Henry Kaiser, Mechanical Drafting, No. 
633 F Street, N. W.— Mr. J. Henry Kaiser is a 
mechanical draughtsman who is one of the leading 
and most reliable exj)onents of the art in Washing- 
ton. Mr. Kaiser, who is a native of the District, 
is an expert draughtsman, and is a practical 
and thorough master of the art in all its branches, 
having had many years' experience in the exercise i 



of his profession, and has been employed in the 
United States Patent Office six years as a draughts- 
man. In 1872, in conjunction with Geo. T. Small- 
wood, he started on his own account, under the 
firm name of Kaiser & Small wood, who conducted 
the business up to October, 1886, when Mr. Kaiser 
assumed sole control, and has since continued alone 
with uninterrupted success. He executes designs, 
drawings, and plans for all classes of machinery in 
the most accurate and reliable manner, either from 
models or sketches, and also India-ink and crayon 
work, estimates and opinions being promptly fur- 
nished — in short, everything pertaining to the con- 
struction of machinery, etc., and has just finished a 
design for a large life-boat. 

NicoU, the Tailor, No. 617 Pennsylvania 
Avenue. — Probably the best known man in his spe- 
cial line of trade in this country is Nicoll.the tailor, 
whosenime has become a household word. He estab- 
lished his business in New York in 1850, and now 
has five branch houses, viz. : at Washington, D. C. ; 
Pittsburg, Pa. ; Boston, Mass.; Hartford, Conn., 
and Brooklyn, N. Y. His Washington house was 
established in 1876, and is under the very capable 
management of Mr. R. B. Buckley, wlio has been 
connected with Mr. Nicoll's business for the past 
five years, and is eminently popular. The stock 
here displayed is one of the finest in the city. The 
best sources of American and European production 
have contributed to its wealth. It is complete in 
material, design, and novelty, and gives the limit 
of manufacture in high-class goods. To seek the 
services of the house once is to be its patron always. 
A large number of Congressmen, Oovernraent offi- 
cials, and best citizens of the District are among its 
permanent patrons. Estimates and samples are 
furnished for the making of uniforms for conduc- 
tors, brakemen, coachmen, footmen, hall-boys, wait- 
ers, porters, and policemen, telegraph messengers, 
firemen, bicylists, steamboat officers, letter carriers, 
Knights Templar, Grand Army Posts, Custom 
House officers. Knights of Pythias, and|other orders 
and organizations. The rarest inducements are 
offered to the public in all departments of the busi- 
ness as regards both excellence of stock and econ- 
omy of prices. 

«Tanies LioftllS, Dealer in all kinds of Fur- 
niture, Carpets, Matting, Oil-Cloth, Rugs, Bed- 
spreads, etc.. No. 91 1 Seventh Street, N. W.— A little 
over a year ago the house named in the caption of 
this review was opened by Mr. James Loftus, and 
the large patronage he has since secured is the best 
evidence of his business ability and enterprise that 
can be adduced. Mr. Loftus wds born in Ireland 
and for the past five years has resided in Washing- 
ton. The premises occupied consist of a neat, 
well-appointed store 25x100 feet in dimensions. 
The stock embraces a fine assortment of parlor, 
chamber, dining-room, and kitchen furniture of 
every description, carpets, matting, oil-clot ii, rugs, 
bedspreads, blankets, comforts, clocks, pictures, 
looking-glasses, etc., a fine selection of dry goods, 
di-ess fabrics, notions, and housefurnishing goods in 
great variety. These articles are of the most relia- 
ble quality and of first-class workmanship. All 
orders are promptly filled. The business is con- 
ducted upon the cash and installment plans, tlie 
most reasonable terms being accorded to pur- 
chasers. 



86 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



Jas. W. McKee & Co., Manufacturers' and 
Importers' Agents and Commercial Brokers, No. 
719 Market tSpace. — The rapid and marvelous 
growtii of mercantile activity in the United States 
witliin comparatively recent years, with the vast 
and varied interests constantly developing, renders 
the functions of the selling agent and commercial 
broker of peculiar interest, as well as an indispen- 
sable factor in distribution, under the complex bus- 
iness system that obtains. An enterprising and 
prosperous firm engaged in this line in Washing- 
ton is that of J as. W. McKee & Co., manufacturers' 
and importers' agents and commercial brokers. No. 
719 Market space, who established this tlourisliing 
business in 1878, and from the ince[)tion of the 
same have enjoyed a large and substantial patron- 
age, the connections of the concern being of a 
most gratifying and desirable character. They 
handle general dry goods, silks, woolen, linen, and 
cotton fabrics of all kinds, hats, notions, small 
wares, and miscellaneous merchandise, and are 
agents for the larger houses in New York, Phila- 
delphia, and the Eastern States engaged in the 
manufacture of such specialties, and altogether a 
very fine business is transacted. Mr. McKee, who 
is sole proprietor, is a native of this city, and is 
well and favorably known in commercial circles 
throughout the District and adjoining States. A 
gentleman of strict integrity in all his dealings, as 
well as a man of foresight and excellent business 
ability, he fully merits the large measure of pros- 
perity he enjoys. Mr. McKee is aided in his busi- 
ness by his son, Mr. Townley A. McKee, who is 
well and favorably known to the trade in Virginia 
and in other of the Middle and Southern States. 

W. H. Liowrterinilk, Government Publica- 
tions, Rare, Old, and Curious Books, etc., No. 1424 
F Street — One of the most interesting ])laces to 
visit in tlie city of Washington, to those of a liter- 
ary turn of mind, is tiie establisliment of Messrs. 
W. H. Lowdermilk <& Co. This was formerly 
known as Anglim's, having been estal)lished by 
Messrs. James Anglim & Co. in 1874, and continued 
by that firm until 188(5, when the ])resent firm suc- 
ceeded. It is widely known as headcjuarters for all 
(xovernment publications, rare, old, and curious 
books, law-books, early American history, and 
standard works on all subjects. The establishment 
is not only the largest of its kind in this city, but 
also one of the most cotnplete in the country. 
From its literary attractiveness it is a place of spe- 
cial interest to authors, students, and literati who 
visit or reside in tlie city. It has one of the larg- 
est departments of " Americana," including scarce 
Revolutionary, Civil War, and C'onfederate litera- 
ture, works on British America, travels, political his- 
tory, etc., in the country. Among the more import- 
ant and valuable publications of the United States 
(lovernment for sale here are the American archives 
and State ])apers, printed in forty-seven volumes, 
and comprising the legislative and executive docu- i 
ments of Congress from 1789 to 1828 and 18o8; 
contributions to North American ethnology, geo- 
logical monographs. United States geological and \ 
geographical surveys and explorations, United 
States land laws. United States dijilomatic corres- 
pondence. United States treaties and conventions 
with other powers, surveys of the United States, 
manufactures of the United States, inter-oceanic 
canals, and various works on agriculture, the Amer- , 



I ican aborigines, Alaska, archtelogy, the Arctic 
ocean, astronomy, Bureau of Statistics, consukir re- 
ports, cotton production, credit systems of the 
world. Bureau of Education, electricity, entomol- 
ogy. Fish Commission, geology, international exhibi- 
tions, labor and capital, meteorology, mines, ornith- 
ology, patents, population, railroads, signal service, 
Smithsonian Institution, Suez Canal, trial of Gui- 
teau, the Gulf-Stream, trials by court-martial, Hay- 
den's survey, the Yellowstone National Park, zool- 
ogy, paleontology, and the official records of the 
Union and Confederate armies. The firm is com- 
posed of Messrs. W. 11. Lowdermilk, John T. Loo- 
mis, and Henry W. Dowling. Mr. Lowdermilk is 
a native of Maryland, and was a member of the 
original firm of James Anglim & Co. Mr. Loomis 
is a native of Illinois, and was six years a clerk of 
the old firm. Air. Dowling is a native of this 
city. 

William Smllivaii, Installment House, Fine 
Housefurnishing Goods, etc.. No. 913 Seventh 
Street, N. W. — A comparatively recently established 
business enteri)rise of the city of Washington, but 
which has already taken a prominent place in its 
line, is that of Mr. William Sullivan, whose in- 
stallment house is located at No. 913 Seventh 
street, N. W. This fine business house was inau- 
gurated in 1884, and the enterprise of the manage- 
ment, together with the fine goods sold, has served 
to attract a large and lucrative patronage and to 
build up a reputation of the highest character. The 
store occupied is 2-)xl00 feet in dimensions, and this 
spacious salesroom is stocked to its utmost holding 
capacity with a rarely fine assortment of superior 
housefurnishing goods, furniture, carpets, matting, 
dry goods, stoves, bedding, kitchen ware, glassware, 
lamps and lamp goods, and every description of 
articles used in the household. These excellent 
goods are sold either for cash outright or on the in- 
stallment plan, terms being made to suit customers. 
Goods are delivered to all parts of the city free of 
cliarge and all orders are given prompt attention. 
Mr. Wm. Sulliv;m, the proprietor, is a business 
man well known for his enterj)rise and energy. He 
has made hosts of friends here and is highly es- 
teemed by all. He is a native of Ireland. 

«T. »T. fTeorg"CS, Anatomical Bootmaker and 
Chiropodist, No. 1208 F Street, N. W. — The pro- 
fession of anatomical bootmaker and chiropodist is 
carried on by J. J. (reorges at the above address. 
j\Ir. Georges was born in Germany and came to the 
United States in IS jo, and having spent eleven 
years in Philadelphia and Baltimore, came to the 
capital in ISGl, and opened business at the above 
address as a practical boot and shoe maker, in the 
})ursuit of which, being a man of brain and a great 
student of his jirofession, he became thoroughly 
master of the anatomy of the feet, and added t(» his 
trade that of chiropodist in 1870. Ilis store, which 
is 20x70 feet in dimensions, is nicely fitted up, a fine 
stock of boots and shoes being always on hand and 
at reasonable prices. A n efficient staff'of resj)ectful 
attendants is employed to wait on customers. Mr. 
(ieorges makes a specialty of anatomical boots and 
shoes for sore, deformed, or tender feet, and claims 
if there is anything in an established reiiutation, if 
the patronage, year after year, of men of character 
and standing justify a man in feeling that he has 
succeeded, he feels justified in so claiming. 



J 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



Bernard Leonard, Keal Estate Agent, No. 
407 Four-and-a-Half Street, S. \V. — The real estate 
business is one of vast import in its relation to the 
manufacturing and commercial interests of the city. 
Engaged in buying, selling, exchanging, leasing, and 
letting real estate of all kind is Bernard Leonard, 
whose office is centrally located at No. 407 P^our-and- 
a-Half street, S. W. Mr. Leonard has been engaged 
in this business a little over a year and a half. He 
brought to his enterprise a long experience in his 
line of business, and he is recognized as an authority 
as to actual values and eligibility of propert}' in all 
desirable sections in the city, and he has always upon 
his books bargains in the lines of private residences, 
flats, vacant lots, etc., quoted at figures rendering 
them valuable for investment purposes. He also 
takes entire management of estates, and has at all 
times houses, stores, flats, etc., to let. He collects 
rents promptly and satisfactorily, and negotiates loans 
on bonds and mortgages at reasonable rates. He 
refers to real estate owners and operators, and is 
generally recognized as an unusually talented and 
successful real estate broker. Mr. Bernard Leonard 
was born in Ireland, and for the past ten years has 
resided in Washington. He is highly esteemed in 
the community, and his prospects in the near future 
are of the most favorable character. 

C F. Rothflichs, Postage Stamp Emporium, 
No. ?>h^\ Penns^'lvania Avenue, third store below 
Four-and-a-half Street, N. W. — To persons resident 
at a distance — and it is chiefly for such that this 
work is intended — it will be of interest for them, 
and especially for such of them as are concerned in 
the collection of curiosities in the line of postage 
stamps, etc., to know that Mr. C. F. Rothfnchs, of 
No. 359i Pennsylvania avenue, N. W., in this city, 
makes a specialty of dealing in all kinds of postage 
stamps for collections, embracing those of the 
United States and all foreign countries. This enter- 
prise was founded in this city a little over a year 
ago, and it has been attended by the most marked 
success. A store 20x70 feet in dimensions, taste- 
fully and neatly fitted up, is occujued for the busi- 
ness. The highest cash prices are paid for collec- 
tions of United States and foreign stamps, also de- 
partment stamps in large or small quantities, such 
as Executive, Agricultural, State, Navy, Interior, 
War, Justice, Post-office, and Treasury, used or un- 
used. Mr. Rothfuchs publishes a catalogue of the 
various stamps he has for sale. He has also for 
disposal Excelsior stamp albums. Youth's Compan- 
ion albums, Imperial stamp albums. International 
stamp albums, coats-of-arms, merchants' flags, por- 
traits of rulers, latest stamp catalogues, etc. Mr. 
Rothfuchs, being a collector of postage stamps and 
devoting his whole attention to the stamp trade, is 
prepared to furnish the wants of all collectors. 
Mr. Rothfuchs is a native of Germany, and since 
1859 has been a collector and dealer in postage 
stamps. He is a wideawake business man, honor- 
able in all his transactions, and very highly es- 
teemed by all acquainted with him. Since he lo- 
cated here in 1880 his business has increased to 
such an extent that warrants him in making Wash- 
ington his permanent headquarters. 

E. S. Vellam, Dealer in Wood and. Coal, 
No. 519 Four-and-a-Half Street, S. W.— An im- 
portant house in tiiis trade is that of Mr. E. 
S. Vellam. This gentleman was born in Chicago, 



and spent the greater part of his life upon the 
plains of the Southwest in mining, cattle-raising, 
etc. Four years ago he came to reside in Wash- 
ington, and two years since be established his 
present business. His present pi-emises consist of 
a yard 80x120 feet in area, and it is equipped with 
the best appliances for the handling of stock and 
the fulfillment of orders. Supplies of wood and 
coal are received by the cargo and in carload lots 
direct from the producers, and a vast stock of an- 
thracite and bituminous coal of the finest qualities 
and adapted to domestic and manufacturing pur- 
poses is constantly kept on hand. Wood is split 
and sawed in any desired length, and the yard is 
provided with shedding, etc., for the storage of 
stock. Several teams are employed, and the utmost 
promptitude is shown in the fulfillment of all or- 
dei s at terms and prices such as to give perma- 
nent satisfaction. 

Thomas P. Simpson, Patent Lawyer, Office, 
No. 12 Federal Building. — Among the prominent 
and successful patent attorneys none stand higher 
than Mr. Thomas P. Simpson. This gentleman 
is a native of Montgomery county, Md., and 
comes from the old Walter Lenox family, who 
settled in Georgetown in 1795, Mr. Lenox being 
his grandfather. He graduated at Yale in 1847, 
and in 1850 was admitted to the District of Colum- 
bia bar, settling permanently in Washington in 
1856 as a clerk in the Patent Office. In 1866 he 
established himself here as an attorney, making a 
specialty of patent law, and rapidly gained a 
leading position in his profession. No patent 
attorney has a better record before the office, or 
can obtain fairer treatment of his cases. His 
practice relates to the preparation of specifications 
and drawings, to the making out of caveats, assign- 
ments, reissues, designs, the registration of trade- 
marks, labels, and copyrights, while he is always 
prepared to attend to interference and appeal cases, 
to suits for infringement before the courts, and to 
making preliminary examinations as to the scope 
and validity of patents, and is thoroughly con- 
versant with the rules of practice observed at the 
Patent Office. 

James LiOckliead, Plumber and Gasfitter, 

No. 1404 Pennsylvania Avenue. — Among those who 
stand prominent as sanitary plumbers in the city is 
Mr. James Lockhead. This gentleman established 
his business here in 1870, and has become well and 
favorably known in the city and District as a plum- 
ber and gasfitter of high reputation and thorough 
skill. The premises occupied are large and com- 
modious, and are fully stocked with all kinds of 
plumbers', steam and gasfitters' supplies, gas-fixtures, 
chandeliers, pipes, and fittings of the latest designs 
and patterns. Sanitary plumbing is the specialty of 
this house, and patrons can rely upon the skill and 
ability with which all orders are filled. Every- 
thing in the line is promptly and carefully done, 
contracts are taken, and the complete fitting up of 
buildings of all kinds is satisfactorily executed. 
Employment is given to a competent force of skilled 
hands, and those securing the services of this house 
will be thoroughly satisfied with the thoroughness 
with which all work will be accomplished. Mr. 
Lockhead is a native of Scotland, and has resided 
here for some forty years. He served in the war in 
the Fifth Volunteer Infantry, of Washington. 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



"Whittlesey & Wrig-ht, United States and 
Foreign Patents, Trade-Marks, Labels, and Copy- 
rights Secured, Searches Made, etc., Nos. 622 and 
624 F Street, N.W.— Messrs. Wliittlescy & Wright 
establislied themselves in practice here in 1885, 
and quickly stepped to the front rank in their 
profession. The members of the firm are Messrs. 
Geo. P. Whittlesey and D. Pratt Wright. Mr. 
Whittlesey is a native of Maine, and has resided in 
Washington since 1869. He was for several years 
a member of the examining corps of the Patent 
Office as first assistant examiner, and for nearly 
two years was assistant and acting examiner of 
interferences, in which latter capacity he consid- 
ered and determined a large number of contested 
cases involving intricate points of law and mechan- 
ics and relating to a great variety of inventions. 
He also frequently acted as law clerk to the com- 
missioner of patents, drawing up for him decisions 
on various points of office practice. Mr. Wright 
is a native of Indiana, and has resided in Washing- 
ton since 1855. He has had an experience of fifteen 
years as a mechanical engineer, and was for eight 
years connected wit lithe Erie railroad in t lie motive 
power department as machinist, draughtsman, loco- 
motive and car inspector, and assistant to the master 
mechanic, and has since been master mechanic of 
both the New York and New England and the Pan- 
ama railroads. He offers his services as consulting 
engineer to parties requiring advice on mechanical 
and engineering matters. From the personal ac- 
quaintance of this firm with patented and unpat- 
ented inventions, they are enabled to form a reason- 
ably correct opinion of the patentability of any 
invention submitted to their judgment, for which 
they make no charge. Specifications, drawings, 
and all necessary ])apers are prepared by the firm 
in a thorough, scientific, and satisfactory manner, 
and searches are made for ascertaining the scope 
and validity of patents, etc. Their facilities for 
obtaining patents and for giving all necessary coun- 
sel and advice to inventors are unexcelled. 

K. Klieessi & Son, Harness and Trunk 

Manufactory, No. 425 Seventh Street. — Special 
mem ion should be made of the well-known and 
enterprising firm of K. Kneessi &Son, manufactur- 
ers of harness, trunks, and kindred articles, and 
whose products maintain a uniformly high standard 
of excellence, being, in fact, first-class in every 
respect in design, workmanship, and durability, 
and, as a consequence, are in steady and extensive 
demand throughout the District of Columbia and 
envii'ons. '1 his fiourishing concern was started in 
1861 by the present senior member, wiio conducted 
it alone up to four years ago, when he admitted 
into partnership his son, Christopher Kneessi, thus 
constituting the popular and prosperous firm whose 
name heads this sketch. Tlie premises occupied 
comprise a 35xl25-foot store, with wcll-eqnipped 
shop, several exj)ert workmen being employed, ten 
in all, including salesmen, and a heavy and A 1 
stock is constantly carried, embracing harness 
in every style and variety, trunks of all kinds, 
valises,traveiing-bags,satcliels, sample cases, pocket- 
books, etc. Leather goods of every description are 
also made to order in the most pronqit and superior 
manner. Mr. Kneei-si,the elder, was born in Switz- 
erland, coming to the United States in 1851, and 
hasre-ided in Washington over twenty-five years, 
and tiie younger man is a native of this city. 



H. D. Cochran, Flour and Feed, Thirteenth 
Street and New York Avenue. — ^Vashington num- 
bers among her active and enterprising biisine.ss 
men many who are engaged in the flour and feed 
business, and among them special attention is called 
to H. D. Cochran, whose commodious, store is at 
the corner of Thirteenth street and New Y^ork 
avpnue, where he started three years ago, and 
through capable management he has succeeded in 
establishing a steady and lucrative trade. He has 
always on hand a large stock of fine family flour 
grain, hay, and feed, which he buys in large quan, 
titles, thus enabling him to sell at prices which defy 
successful competition; here also are to be had lime 
and plaster of the best qualities, which he exten- 
sively supplies to the building trade. The brands 
of flour which are offered for sale in this store are 
of the finest, being manufactured from the best fall 
and winter wheats in the market, and can be strictly 
guaranteed as to their purity and quality. Hay can 
be bougiit cut or by the bale, and grain in either 
large or small quantities, and are promptly deliv- 
ered to any place, an efficient stafl" of help being 
constantly employed. Mr. Cocliran, a Virginian 
by birth, is a young man about twenty-five years of 
age, full of business energy and enterprise, and is 
highly respected among those with whom he is 
acquainted. For convenience of city trade, he has 
telephone connection. Call 143-4. 

Theodore Christian!, Pharmacist, corner 
Seventh and M Streets, N. W. — A gem of a drug 
store and pharmacy is that owned and occupied by 
Mr. Theodore Christiani. This drug store was 
established in 1868 by the present proprietor, and 
is one of the finest and most attractive in this sec- 
tion of the city. The stock is large and carefully 
selected, comprising the purest and freshest drugs, 
all tiie standard proprietary medicines, and a fine 
assortment of toilet goods. The specialty of the 
business is in the accurate compounding of phy- 
sicians' prescriptions, for which the best drugs in 
the market are provided and the laboratory is under 
the personal supervision of the proprietor. A corps 
of clerks are in attendance and serve to make com- 
munication with tlie establishment both pleasant 
and j)rofitable by their courtesy and liberality. 
Mr. Christiani has resided here for the past twenty- 
five years and is recognized as an accomplished 
pharmacist. 

Chark^s Kattehnann, Watchmaker and 
Jeweler, No. 715 vSeventh Street, N. W. — Mr. 
Charles Kattelmann, watchmaker and jeweler, has 
for the last twenty years carried on this business. 
His line of jewelry consists of all kinds of gold, 
silver, and jet ornaments, neck-pins, ear-rings, 
bracelets, studs, cufl'-biUtons, chains of all kinds and 
patterns, gold-plated jewelry, fancy goods, and 
novelties of the newest designs. Mr. Kattelmann 
has had an experience of thirty-four years as a 
practical jeweler, andall workcomingfrom hishands 
affords the greatest satisfaction to his customers. 
Repairing of every description is done on the short- 
est notice, and prompt and strict attention is given 
to all orders confided to his care. He was born in 
Germany and came to this country in 1S52, locating 
himse'f in W^ashington, where in a short time lie 
made for himself the name of a skillful workman. 
Mr. Kattehnann is a prominent member of the I. O. 
O. F., and also of the F. and A. M. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



89 



Edwin Grladmoii, Ph.D., Manufacturing 
and Dispensing Pharmacist, Second and F Streets, 
X. W. — Each year the responsibiltiies tliat pertain 
to the preparation and dispensing of medicines are 
becoming better known and appreciated by tlie gen- 
eral public. They take a keen interest in the per- 
son who holds for them the scales of life and death. 
In this connection special mention should be made 
of Edwin Gladmon, Second and F streets, N. W. 
He has had the degree of doctor of pharmacy con- 
ferred upon liim by the National College of Phar- 
macy, is thoroughly versed in the art of dispensing 
medicines, and is always abreast of the times. He 
has acliieved a high reputation for the accuracy and 
skill with which he compounds prescriptions, as 
well as guaranteeing tlie purity and freshness of the 
drugs entering therein. Mr. Gladmon's pharmacy 
is an exceedingly handsome store-room, tastily 
fitted up, well stocked with every article in his line, 
including drugs, chemicals, soaps, brushes, perfum- 
ery, toilet articles, cigars, tobacco, and medicinal 
liquors. Obliging and courteous assistants are al 
ways in attendance, and the handsomest soda-foun- 
tain in his section, if not in the city, is in keeping 
with the balance of the store. Mr. Gladmon has 
added a manufacturing branch to his business, for 
the purpose of manufacturing domestic remedies. 
One of these preparations, Gladuion's cough rem- 
edy, has in two years attained a sale of over two 
thousand bottles. He earnestly requests those who 
have tried patent medicines in vain to give his 
remedy a trial. It is a non-secret preparation of 
wild cherry and tar. He proposes to make a full 
line of family remedies, and, judging by his past 
energetic, progressive business methods, the project 
is certain of success. Mr. Gladmon is a native of 
Virginia, and though still a young man, has made 
the most remarkable business success in his line 
our city has seen. Opening a new store less than 
four years ago, he has already made it the acknowl- 
edged headquarters of his business for his section 
of the city, his trade having nearly doubled itself 
every year. 

R. S. Cain, Undertaker, No. 1011 Seventh 
Street. — One of the best-managed houses in the 
undertaker business in tlie city is that of R. S. 
Cain. The premises consist of a store 20x60 feet 
in extent, neatly fitted up witli taseful furnishings. 
It contains a complete assortment of coffins, caskets, 
and funeral furnishings for the selection of cus- 
tomers. Mr. Cain among his equipments also has 
fine coaches to let, and all other necessary articles 
pertaining to funerals, which he supplies at the 
shortest notice and on the mo st favorable terms. He 
superintends the most iniposi ig funeral ceremonies, 
always performing his duties with grace and dignity, 
and never failing to render satisfactory services to 
his appreciative patrons. Orders are received both 
by day or night and are given immediate attention. 
Mr. Cain is an expert erabalmer, and guarantees 
perfect work in every case. He is a native of 
Frederick county, Md., has resided in AVasiiington 
for over a quarter of a century, established his 
present business house in 1883, and has met with de- 
served success. 

P. R. Wilson, Family Grocer, No. 934 Sev- 
enth Street, N. W. — This house was established 
here fifteen years ago, and lias been since conducted 
with marked ability and unvarying success. The 



store is large and commodious, and is filled to over- 
flowing with a choice stock of teas, coffees, spices 
flour, canned goods, sugars, syrups, butter, cheese 
and eggs, and all other staples appertaining to the 
trade. All goods are purchased direct from the 
producers, and are fresh, choice, and desirable. 
No house in the city tiiat deals in the miscellane- 
ous commodities of the grocery industry handles a 
higher standard of goods or sells at lower prices. 
Competent and courteous clerks and salesmen are 
in attendance, and prom[)t attention is given to all 
orders. Goods are delivered to all parts of the 
city. The proprietor, Mr. Wilson, is a native of 
Maryland. 

Julius Baumgarten, United States Gov- 
ernmental Seal Engraver, Die Sinker, and Stencil 
Cutter, No. 1222 Pennsylvania Avenue. — This 
gentleman, who is a native of Germany, founded 
his business in 1856 a short time after his arrival 
here, and the superiority of his productions has 
gained for him the contract for supplying the 
United States Govermental departments with most 
of the work required in his line. He has enjoyed 
peculiar advantages for perfecting himself in all the 
departments of his business, and his work is charac- 
terized by an originality and artistic beauty which 
readily commend it both to the connoisseur and the 
uninitiated. Mr. Baumgarten's business premises 
comprise a store and worksliop, 20x50 feet in 
dimensions, thoroughly fitted with all the facilities 
requisite for successful work. The salesroom con- 
tains a large stock of the finest goods in this line of 
trade, the assortment being complete in every 
respect. The proprietor is prepared at short notice 
to execute all kinds and styles of steel engraving, 
die sinking, and stencil cutting, and also supplies 
rubber stamps, rubber type, and markers of every 
variety. He employs a staff" of skilled assistants, 
and enjoys botli a wholesale and retail business, his 
trade extending to all parts of tlie District, Mary- 
land, and Virginia. Mr. Baumgarten may be safely 
commended as a thoroughly competent, fair dealing, 
and reliable gentleman. 

Georg-e T. Jacobs, Modelmaker, No. 632 
F Street, corner Seventh, N. W. — One of the lead- 
ing and best-known exponents of this interesting 
art in Washington is Mr. George T, Jacobs, 
who enjoys a deservedly high reputation for 
reliability and skill, occupying a position in the 
front rank in his line in this city, while hispati'on- 
age extends all over the Ignited States. Mr. 
Jacobs, who is a native of the District, is a practical 
and expert workman with long and varied experi- 
ence in the exercise of his art, and is thoroughly 
conversant with every feature and detail of the 
same, being now a man of forty years old. He 
started in business on his own account in 1872, 
opening at Landsberg's place on Seventh street, 
where he remained up to 1876, when he moved 
into the present commodious quarters, and has since 
continued here with uninterrupted success. He 
executes a general line of work, making a specialty, 
however, of models for inventions in both wood and 
iron, and furnishes the same for patents, and also 
certified duplicates of patent models for court or 
other purposes. The shop is amply equipped in 
every respect with the most improved appurte- 
nances, several skillful and experienced hands being 
employed. 



90 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



Britton & Gray, Attorneys-at-Law, No. G24 
F Street. — The oldest linn in practice before the 
General Land ( )ffice in Washington is that of Messrs. 
Britton ct Gray, whose practice was established in 
1856. They liave made a leading specialty of titles 
of public lands during ail this period, and are 
probably better known in this connection through- 
out the country than any other firm. Asa member 
of the Public Land Commission Mr. Britton com- 
piled and edited the Public Land Laws, and is 
an accei>ted authority in this country and in Europe 
upon all questions relating thereto. Tiie firm are 
also prepared to attend to patent cases, including 
the preparation of specifications and drawings, the 
making of preliminary examinations and searches 
in the Patent Office, the making out and filing of 
caveats, assignments, reissues, designs, and of cases 
in interference or upon appeal before the courts; 
also to the securing of trade-marks, labels, and copy- 
rights, and to every other item of service necessary 
to the successful prosecution of the inventor's ap- 
plication up to the time the patent is granted and 
issued by the office. The firm have a large and 
successful practice before the I'nited States Supreme 
Court, and in every branch of practice as attorneys- 
at-law they are thoroughly prepared for prompt, 
efficient, and intelligent service in every capacity. 
The firm is composed of Messrs. A. T. Britton, H. 
J. Gray, and A. B. Browne, the latter gentleman 
being admitted to partnership in 1878. They are 
the representatives in Washington of the Atchison, 
Topeka and Santa Fe Kailroad, Atlantic and Pa- 
cific Railroad, Hastings and Dakota Railroad, and 
many other Western corporations. 

John T. Asliford, Cabinetmaker and Dealer 
in Furniture and Mattresses, No. 1004 Pennsylvania 
Avenue,N.W. — Oneof Washingtons bestknown and 
most accomplished cabinetmakers is Mr. John T. 
Ashford, of No. 1004 Pennsylvania avenue, N. 
W. He is also an extensive dealer in furniture 
and mattresses, making a leading specialty of 
packing, moving, and repairing of furniture of all 
kinds. Mr. Ashford established his business here 
in 1880, and rapidly built np a flourishing trade, 
extending throughout the District of Columbia and 
the States of Maryland ard Virginia. He has 
been a practical cabinetmaker for fifteen years, and 
by his great skill and talent in fine work has gained 
control of the best line of custom in the city. He 
occupies a fine, large salesroom and factory, covering 
an area of 20x125 feet, and carries a large and 
well-selected stock of furniture and mattresses of 
the finest quality, which speak for themselves and 
find a ready sale on their merits. He is furnishing 
the finest designs of furniture extant at the lowest 
prices, and makes promi)tly to order any style de- 
sired. He is always prepared to be prompt, success- 
ful, and satisfactory in all branches of his business, 
and will furnish estimates and designs when re- 
quired. His reputation as a first-class workman has 
been honestly won and is well deserved. Mr. Ashford 
is a native of Virginia, a resident here for thirty 
years, and known as a reliable business man and an 
accomplished master of his trade. 

John T. Arms, Real Estate, Insurance, and 
Loans, No. 810 F Street, Le Droit Building.— To 
buyers and sellers tlie real estate agent is of great 
service, especially if he enjoys the confidence of the 
public. Such an agent is Mr. John T. Arms. 



Since he established his enterprise at this location 
in 1873, Mr. Arms has been carrying on an excel- 
lent business in the lines above named, and he is 
to-day one of the most prominent and leading 
members of his profession in the District. Mr. 
Arms is a notary public, well versed in all the de- 
tails of his calling, and is carrying on a general 
business in buying, selling, exchanging, leasing, 
and letting property of all kinds, in collecting 
rents, taking entire charge of estates, and negoti- 
ating loans on bond and mortg;ige. He is also 
agent for the well-known I'ufihlo German Fire In- 
surance Company, of Bufialo, N. Y., one of the 
most responsible and leading institutions of the 
kind in the world, and etlects insurance on the most 
favorable terms in that and other reliable com- 
panies. Being perfectly acquainted with all mat- 
ters regarding the law of real estate and insurance, 
he can be consulted with confidence in respect 
thereof, while his lengthy experience has given 
him a thorough knowledge of present and prospec- 
tive values. Mr. Arms has long been a resident of 
the National Capital. His birthplace is New York. 

C. H. Hibbert & Co., Kid Glove Empor- 
ium, No. 941 Pennsylvania Avenue. — An establish- 
ment although but recently opened that has be- 
come popular in the community is the kid glove 
emi)orium of ^lessrs. C. H. Hibbert & Co. It is a 
great convenience, and as a specialty is made of 
kid gloves, the public is enabled to obtain those of 
the highest standard quality at prices much lower 
than can be obtained at those establishments com- 
bining them with other goods in their stocks. 
Messrs. Hibbert & Co. in their well-appointed store 
keep a full stock of all kinds, sizes, and qualities of 
kid gloves, and make a specialty of those of Leroux 
& Co., importers, of New Y'ork. In size the store 
is 25x80 feet. It is neatly and tastefully fitted up 
and contains the largest and best assortment of kid 
gloves to be found in the city. Mr. C. H. Hibbert, 
who has the entire management of the business, is 
a native of Massachusetts. He has had many 
years' practical experience in the glove business, and 
from the time he has been in AV'ashington, which 
dates from June of last year, he has met with a 
substantial success. 

West End Steam Laundry, No. 1753 
Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. — The W^est End 
Steam Laundry was first opened in April, 1885, and 
has since been rapidly growing in popularity and 
j)rominence. Twenty-five hands are now em- 
jiloyed, and an immense business is constantly be- 
ing carried on. The jiremises occupied comprise a 
commodious building having two floors and a base- 
ment. The place is fully eijuipped with steam 
power and all the latest and most approved machin- 
ery used in carrying on a first-cluss laundry. A 
delivery wagon is kept constantly employed in the 
city and its suburbs, calling for and delivering 
work. The work is done very expeditiously, goods 
being done up and sent home in twenty-four hours. 
The house commands a first-class family trade, and 
its method of operation is comprised in the terms 
of promptness, cheapness, and the thorough per- 
formance of all work without injury to garments. 
The proprietor of this reliable establishment is Mr. 
Henry Wagner, who is a native of Washington, 
D. C. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



91 



Professor Sheldon, Dancing Academy, No. 
1004 F Street, N \V .t'apitolHilK'lass, Washington 
Hall, Third Street and I'ennsylvania Avenue, S. E. 
— There is nothing which adds more to the deport- 
ment and general carriage than a thorough knowl- 
edge of dancing, and no city in the country ofiers 
more excellent opportunities to those desiring to 
become accomplished in the terpsichorean art than 
the National Capital. Prominent among thedancing 
academies which sustain a high reputation, and 
place many important advantages to the credit of 
our people, are those conducted by Professor George 
T. Sheldon, who for the past forty years has been 
identified with the business which he so successfully 
represents. During the quarter of a century that 
he lias been established in this city he has taught 
thousands the beauties and graces of dancing, and he 
is to-day as popular and reliable as ever, receiving 
the jiatronage of the very best classes of society. He 
has two academies, one located at No. 1004 F street, 
N. W., and the other in Washington Hall, at the 
corner of Third street and Pennsylvania avenue, 
S. E. Both of these establishments are furnished 
and equij)ped in the handsomest and most thorough 
manner, and afford ample accommodations for from 
three hundred to four hundred pupils, a corps of 
experienced teachers is employed, and every atten- 
tion is paid to those under instruction. The course 
of instruction embraces dancing, deportment, eti- 
quette, grace, and all essentials for a debut in society, 
and the most perfect impartiality is observed. The 
charges are as low as consistent with strictly first- 
class service, while the genial, courteous, and gentle- 
manly disposition of the proprietor gives him the 
esteem of all who have had the pleasure of being 
under his artistic tuition. By addressing a note 
to the residence of Professor Sheldon, No. 919 
Twelfth street, N. W., any information that maybe 
desired will be promptly and cheerfully furnished. 

Nathan Bickford, Solicitor of Claims and 
Patents, No. 914 F Street, N. W.— One of the most 
prominent houses engaged in this line of business 
is that of Mr. Nathan Bickford, which was estab- 
lished by him in 1880. Mr. Bickford is well known 
as a gentleman of great executive ability, persever- 
ance, and high character, consequently his services 
are in constant demand. He has also had great ex- 
perience, and ispeculiarly fitted to bring the interests 
of his clients to a successful conclusion, and has al- 
ready acted in hundreds of cases. He is fully con- 
versant wilh all laws governing the allowance of 
claims and patents, and is prepared to promptly 
pronounce an opinion as to the prospects of claim- 
ants and inventors, and the lowest rates at which the 
desirable results can be obtained. His clientage 
extends all over the United States. Mr. Bickford 
was born in New Hampshire but has resided in the 
District for many years. His fees are the lowest 
consistent with efficii'iit service, and those who in- 
trust their cases to him will find that he conducts 
his business on the most equitable principles. 

Daniel Shanahan, Dealer in Paints, Oils, 
Glass, etc., No. 1919 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. 
— A representative house in the line of paints, 
oils, and glass is that of Mr. Daniel Shanahan, 
which was founded in 1864, and has long been a 
popular source of supply for general painters' sup- 
plies. The store is large and commodious, 20x80 
feet in dimensions, and every facility is possessed. 



The stock of goods is large and complete, received 
from the best and most reliable sources of supply 
in the country, and sold at prices which are safe 
from successful competition. '1 he trade is large 
and first-class throughout tlie city and suburbs, both 
wholesale and retail, goods are delivered to any 
part of the city free of charge, and all orders are 
promptly and carefully filled. Mr. Shanahan has 
resided here for some thir y years and is known as 
a reliable merchant and successful business man. 
He was appointed by President (irant agent for the 
Flathead and other confederated tribes of Indians 
in Montana, in 1872, and remained in that position 
until the close of 1874. During this period Mr. 
Shanahan was not interested in business in this city. 

Joseph C . Lee ( formerly of Henry Lee's Sons ), 
Undertaker, No. 325 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. — 
The advance made in all that pertains to obsequies 
and interments during the past quarter of a cen- 
tury is one of the features of the times, the calling 
of the undertaker being raised to the dignity of a 
regular profession. Among the best known and 
most popular establishments in the undertaking- 
line in Washington may be named that of Joseph C. 
Lee (formerly of Henry Lee's Sons), located at No. 
325 Pennsylvania avenue, which is one of the oldest 
and most prosperous concerns of the kind in the city, 
having been in continuous and successful existence 
during a period extending over thirty-seven years. 
This flourishing business was established in 1850 
by Henry Lee, who conducted it up to 1870, when 
the style changed to Henry Lee's Sons (Henry and 
Joseph C. and John W.Lee), and as such it was 
carried on until 1883. He occupies commodious and 
well-equipjied quarters, carrying on hand every 
appliance and appurtenance comprised in funeral 
requisites and equipments, and is assisted by three 
efficient and competent liands. Undertaking in all its 
branches is attended to in the most excellent and 
satisfactory manner, remains are prepared for 
burial, interments procured, and funerals directed, 
while all orders by telephone (call 326) or other- 
wise, night or day, receive immediate attention. 
Mr. Lee is a gentleman of courteous manners and 
strict integrity, as well as sound judgement and 
ability in his line, and fully merits the large measure 
of public favor and recognition he receives. 

James Fraser, Dealer in Wood and Coal, 
No. 617 G Street, N. W.— One of the oldest and 
best known houses connected with the coal and 
wood trade of Washington is that of Mr. James 
Fraser. This substantial enterprise was commenced 
twenty-three years ago, and from the start its ener- 
gies have been guided by the present proprietor. 
The yard, which is 100 feet square, is carefully 
arranged and provided with every available facility, 
a feature of importance being that all the coal and 
wood is kept under cover. The supjjly of coal kept 
on hand is very heavy and embraces all desirable 
grades for domestic and manufacturing purposes, 
while the stock of wood includes all the different 
varieties demanded by the local trade. The wood 
is sawed and split by steam, the wishes of patrons 
being always consulted in regard to length. Free 
delivery is made over the city and orders are ful- 
filled with great promptitude. Mr. Fraser is a na- 
tive of the District of Columbia, and one of the 
most efficient agents identified with the commercial 
progress of the city. 



92 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



H. L,. Pelouze & Son, The Old Reliable 

Type F'oundrv and Printers' 8u[)ply Depot, Xos. j 
314 and 316 Eighth Street, N. \V.— Messrs. 11. L. \ 
Pelouze & Son, of Richmond, Va., operate one of i 
the most prominent and substantial establishments 
of this kind in the Union, and for more than a 
quarter of a century a multitude of the most ele- 
gant specimens of typographic art have owed much 
of their beauty to the superior excellence of their 
goods. This extensive concern was founded in 18(10, 
and ill 1874, the better to handle its large and in- 
creasing volume of trade, the Washington branch 
was opened under the management of Mr. II. F. 
Pelouze, a member of the firm. A very heavy de- 
mand is now supplied from this point, and the con- 
cern may, therefore, with propriety, be classed as a 
local enterprise. The jiremises occupied comprise 
an entire lioor 25x90 feet in dimensions. Ample 
room is thus afforded for the storage and convenient 
handling of goods, and every facility is possessed. 
An immense stock is carried of type of every size 
and style, suitable for every imaginable description 
of printing, and the goods come up to the highest 
standard of quality, fully equal to the best in every 
•respect. The composition of the type and the pro- 
cesses employed in the manufacture are such as 
impart the essential features of strengtli and tough- 
ness, and we have in mind instances where the type 
of this iirm has for a considerable period been sub- 
jected to the most violent and unusual treatment 
without appreciable injury to its body or face. 
Orders of any magnitude are ])romptly tilled at the 
lowest prices that can be atibrded for tirst-class and 
special wants, such as new dresses for newspapers, 
etc., which are executed at the foundry in the most 
reliable and satisfactory manner. Printers' supplies 
of all kinds are handled in great abundance and 
variety, and specialties are made of the " Prouty 
power presses," " Universal job presses," " Paragon 
paper cutters," " Mustang mailers," *' Levy's print- 
ing inks," and second-hand machinery of every 
description. Mr. Pelouze is energetic and judicious 
in his management, responsible and trustworthy in 
all his transactions, and the house which he repre- 
sents is submitted :is one which enjoys the entire 
confidence of the trade. 

W. Breuiiinger, Practical Watchmaker and 
Manufacturing .Jeweler, No. 929 Pennsylvania Ave- 
nue, N. W. — The jewelry establishment of Mr. W. 
Breuninger was first opened to the public in 1870 
by tliis gentleman, who is fully appreciated in his 
endeavors to meet the demands of the public in 
his line in a satisfactory manner. The well-ap- 
pointed store is 25x80 feet in dimensions, and with 
the handsome plate-glass show-cases and ornamen- 
tal counters forms one of the features of the great 
thoroughfare on which it is located. A large stock 
of all kinds of new style, fashionable jewelry, to- 
gether with gold and silver watches, etc., is always 
displayed in great profusion and variety. As a 
manufacturing jeweler and diamond-setter Mr. 
Breuninger has a wide reputation. He also gives 
his attention to watchmaking and to the production 
of all kinds of jewelry, emblems, marks, badges, 
etc., and also to making repairs and to all work in 
his special line of traile. Mr. Breuninger, who 
was born in Germany, came to this country many 
years ago. He has lived in Washington since 1865, 
has been in business since 1861, and is a member of 
the Jewelers' Alliance, of New York. 



Geo A. Scott, Dealer in Cigars, Tobacco, 
Show-Cases, etc.. No. 80U I) Street, N. W.— A 
prominent house engaged in the manufacture of 
artistic show-cases of every description is that of 
^Ir. George A. Scott. This gentleman was born in 
tills city tifty-five years ago, and in 1875 he started 
at his present address the business of selling cigars, 
tobacco, etc. Subsequently he added to this enter- 
prise the business of dealing in show-cases of all 
kinds, and he has constantly on hand a large assort- 
ment of German silver, celluloid, and wood show- 
cases of the latest designs and patterns. These 
show-cases are suitable for stores of every descrip- 
tion. Mr. Scott is also the general agent for the Putz- 
pomade, which is sold in ten and twenty-five cent 
boxes, and wliich is useful in the household, in 
the store, in the workshop, and in every place where 
metal work is to be kept bright. Try it for show- 
cases, andirons, silverware, harness trimmings, 
scales, musical instruments, stove trimmings, door 
handles, and any kind of metal work. It contains 
neither acid nor grit, and dealers all over the v/orld 
are authorized to refund the price to every dis- 
satisfied buyer, yet out of fifty million bo.xes sold, 
the proprietors know of not one having been 
returned. In Germany Putz-pomade is a house- 
hold word, it being considered indispensaiile in 
every family. Putz-pomade was first manufactured 
in Germany in 1878, the first year's production 
being about fifty thousand boxes, but so rapidly did 
its fame extend tiiat in four years the sales 
exceeded fifty million, the German army using four 
million boxes. In the United States the first ten 
months' sales exceeded one million, and the sales 
are now over ten million. In Europe there have 
been forty imitations, now there are none. In this 
country many are already in the market, but if 
buyers will see that the trade-mark and the name 
of Adalbert Vogt & Co. are on the cover they will 
not be deceived. 

Chr. Ruppert, Importer and Dealer in Toys 
and Fancy Goods, Nos. 403 and 405 Seventh 
Street. — There is no store in the city like Rup- 
pert's. There wasn't much of it when the enter- 
prising proprietor started it in 1858, but to-day it 
takes in two large stores, covering an area of 50x5-5 
feet. It is a bazaar and a fancy goods emporium 
combined. For toys, fancy good.s, and novelties of 
various kinds we commend our readers to visit 
Ruppert's. Of French toys, German toNs, Yankee 
toys, toys for girls, and toys for l)oys, there is an im- 
mense assortment. Then there are books and 
games, bric-a-brac of every descriptif)n, ornaments, 
articles of vertu ivory and leatiicr goods, fans, 
pocket books, brass goods, such as oinamenlal fire 
sets, umbrella stands, etc. Then there is the dis- 
play of thepractical and serviceable, including fine 
merino cloaks, infants' lace caps, embroidei-ed slip- 
pers, zephyrs, worsted, and other ladies' goods, 
while in the line of novelties we must not forget 
to mention the admirable collection of sporting 
goods, athletic goods, and willow-ware. Mr. Rup- 
pert makes a trip to P^urojie at stated intervals to 
secure the latest productions from England, (ier- 
many, and France, and always gets the best. 
Twenty clerks and salesmen are employed in the 
store. Mr. Ruppert is a native of Saxony, Ger- 
many, and an important factor in building up the 
name and fame of Washington as a centre of 
trade and commerce. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



93 



Central National Rank, Seventh and 
Louisiana Avenue. — This is one of llie strongest and 
most jjopulur banks in this city, and was first incor 
porated in 1875 as the Bank of tlie Metropolis, and 
reorganized under itspresentname April 1 / th, 1887. 
It has a capital stock of $10U,0U0, and is officered 
as follows, viz.: President, Samuel Norment; vice- 
president, J. L. Barbour; cashier, J. A. Kutf; 
directors, Samuel Norment, J. L. Barbour, Jesse 
Ergord, Wm. B. Webb, H. Browning, B. Charlton, 
Wni. E. Clark, O. T. Thompson, C A. Beavans, 
Levi Woodbury. This bank receives deposits, 
negotiates loans, makes collections, discounts com- 
mercial paper, and engages in all the transactions 
pertaining to a general banking business. It is the 
resort of a long list of depositors, embracing lead- 
ing men in all lines of mercantile and industrial 
enterprise. Its founders were men who had the 
rare foresight to recognize the possibilities of such 
an institution, and who laid the foundations snf 
ficiently strong and deep to bear anysuperstructure 
that time, experience, and wealth might rear. By 
wise and conservative management a surplus of 
$40,000 has been accumulated, and the undivided 
profits amount to .fi6,000. Its principal correspond- 
ents are the Hanover National, tlie Continental 
National, the Mercantile National, and the Ninth 
National, of New York; the Independence National 
and the Union National, of Philadelphia, and the 
Citizens' National and Drovers' and Mechanics', of 
Baltimore. Its executive officers are gentlemen 
with whom it is always a pleasure to do business. 
Prompt, obliging, and efficient in all their dealings 
with the public, they are naturally popular. Mr. 
Norment, the president, is a leading capitalist of 
this city and of wide experience and high repu- 
tation as a successful financier. The cashier, Mr. 
Ruff, is a gentleman noted for his dispatch, his 
keen perception, and reliable judgment. Tlie vice- 
president is a well-known wholesale grocer, while 
the board of directors comprises much of the solid 
business element of the city. 

George F.. Harbin, Dry Goods, No. 319 
Pennsylvania Avenue, S. E. — The well-established 
and progressive house of Mr. (reorge F. Harbin 
occupies a leading position in the dry goods trade 
of the city. It was founded fifteen years ago by 
the present proprietor, and for the last eight years 
has occupied the eligible premises in wiiich the 
business is now carried on and which consist of a 
spacious and finely arranged store 25x75 feet in 
dimensions. The stock handled is of the most 
comprehensive and diversified character, embrac- 
ing dry goods, silks, velvets, and dress goods, ladies' 
and gents' furnishings, hosiery, notions, trimmings, 
fancy goods, laces, embroideries, and all the multi- 
plied specialties usually foiuid in an e4ablishment 
of this kind. The goods, both domestic and im- 
ported, are carefully selected from tiie standard 
productions of the best manufacturers, and the as- 
sortment in all lines is always full and complete, 
exliihiting all the latest and freshest fashions and 
novelties. Experienced and courteous assistants 
are always in attendance. The business is exclu- 
sively retail and the establishment is a favorite 
resort for the ladies, who secure bargains it would 
be extremely difficult to duplicate elsewhere. Mr. 
Harbin is a native of Maryland, came to this city 
thirty years ago, and has always borne an enviable 
reputation. 



B. H. Robertson, Real Estate and Insur- 
ance, No. 1515 W Street, N. W. — The real estate 
and insurance interests of the District of Columbia 
present no more worthy or excellent representa- 
tive than the enterprising and popular gentleman 
whose name heada this sketch, none engaged in 
this line in Washington or environs sustaining a 
higher reputation for sound judgment and relia- 
bility. Mr. Robertson, who is a Virginian bv 
birth, established himself in business here in 1877, 
and has rapidly pushed his way to prominence and 
prosperity, well deserved, numbering now among 
his extensive clientele many of the solid and 
wealthy citizens throughout the city and suburbs. 
He transacts a general line of real estate and in- 
surance business, buying, selling, and exchanging 
houses, farms, and lots, negotiates loans, and at- 
tends to the collection of rents and the letting of 
houses — in short, everything pertaining to the 
handling and transfer of realty — and is accounted 
one of the bestjudges of the present and prospect- 
ive values of both imjJ roved and unimproved prop- 
erty in the District. He also represents some of 
the leading and most stable insurance companies in 
the country, among others the Niagara Fire Insur- 
ance Company, of New York ; American Central 
Fire Insurance Company, of St. Louis ; Mercantile 
Fire and Marine Insurance Company, of Boston; 
Norwich Union, of Elngland; German American, 
of New York; City of London, of England; Fire 
Association, of Philadelphia; London Assurance 
Corporation, of London, and is special agent for 
the Equitable Life Insurance Society, of New 
York. The office, which is desirably situated at 
No. 1515 II street, corner of Vermont avenue, is 
handsome andcommodiotis, and connected by tele- 
phone (call 986-3), two capable and efficient clerks 
being employed, and altogether a large and flour- 
ishing business is transacted. 

Georg-e W. Wise, Furnishing Undertaker, 
No. 2900 Bridge Street, Georgetown. — The under- 
taking establishment of Mr. George W. Wise is one 
of the largest, most popular, and best -conducted in 
Georgetown. It was founded eight years ago by 
the present proprietor, who brought to it a long 
experience in the same line of business. A finished 
knowledge of all the delicate duties pertaining to 
the industry, a command of all the facilities and 
conveniences for efficient service, and an intelli- 
gent regard for all the requirements of the business, 
combine to makefile position of Mr. George W. 
Wise a valuable and important one. The premises 
used comprise a store 25x60 feet in dimensions, 
and here is displayed a complete assortment of 
coffins, caskets, metallic burial-cases, and funeral 
goods of every description. Mr. Wise is an cm- 
balmer of long experience and is a graduate of the 
National College of Embalming. He takes full 
charge of funerals, furnishing everything requisite, 
and conducting all the details in the most careful 
and considerate manner. He has elegant Ik arses, 
handsome carriages, and all the necessary accesso- 
ries, and his actions in the discharge of his trusts 
are marked bv propriety and decorum. Mr. \\'ise 
is a native of Ohio, and during the war he served 
in the Third Independent Battery. He is a mem- 
ber of the Garfield Post of the G. A. R., and also 
a member of the Odd Fellows, the Independent 
Order of Red Men, and the Independent Order of 
Mechanics. 



94 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



Geo. Kyneal, Jr., Window and Plate Glass, 
Lamp Goods, Painters' and Artists' Materials, ISo. 
418 (Seventh Street, N. W. — The leading source of 
supply in Washington for paints, oils, glass, and 
kindred goods is the extensive establishment of 
Mr. Geo. Kyneal, Jr., at No. 418 Seventh street, N. 
W. This gentleman lias a national reputation as 
the manufacturer of " Kyneal's Royal Security Oil," 
acknowledged everywheie as tlie best in use, and 
also as a wholesale and retail dealer in paints, oils, 
window and plate glass, lamp goods, wax flowers, and 
artists' materials, white lead, zinc, spirits of tur- 
pentine, linseed and machinery and coal oils, benzine, 
alcohol, varnishers, brushes, colors, lamps, chande- 
liers, etc. He established his business here in 
1860, and has long been recognized as an import- 
ant factor in the development and growth of the 
commerce of the city. He occuj)ies for trade pur- 
poses a four-story building 30x1 00 feet in dimensions, 
which is one of the finest business structures on this 
busy thoroughfare, elaborate and elegant in all its 
interior appointments, and stocked to repletion at all 
times with the best goods in every branch of the 
trade. The factory and works of Mr. Kyneal are in 
Baltimore, situated on Lombard street, and comprise 
a three-story building 25x70 feet in dimensions, 
fitted up with every appliance and all the latest im- 
proved a{)paratu3 know to the trade. The product is 
absolutely unsurpassed in the United States for pur- 
ity, quality, and general excellence. A widespread 
trade has been built up, extending to all parts of the 
Union and to many foreign countries. The oil bear- 
ing the name and stamp of this house may be said to 
have no competitor in the trade. Itsells itself, and 
is preferred over all substitutes wherever introduced. 
For high standard paints, oils, and varnishes, for the 
best glass, the finest artists' materials, and the most 
elegant and novel lamp goods, we commend this es- 
tablishment to the trade and consumers everywhere 
as offering the rarest inducements both in excellence 
of stock and economy of prices. Mr. Ryneal is a 
native of this city, and one of its most enterjirising, 
wide-awake, and popular merchants. He supplies 
the Goverment departments in his line, and his suc- 
cess lias been won by honorable, reliable, and pro- 
gressive business methods. 

New York Butter House, Morgan Pen- 
nybacker, Proprietor, No. 928 Louisiana Avenue. — 
One of the most reputable houses in its special line 
of trade in the city of Washingt.ni is tlie New York 
Butter House of Mr. Morgan Pennybacker, located 
at No. 928 Louisiana avenue. This house deals 
extensively in butter, cheese, and eggs, canned 
goods, poultry, vegetables, and general farm pro- 
ducts at both wholesale and retail, and makes a 
leading specialty of creamery butter. The business 
was founded here twenty-five years ago by Messrs. 
M. J. Owens <ft Co., who were succeeded by the pres- 
ent firm in 1884. The premises occupied are spa- 
cious and convenient, comprising a tliree-story 
building 20x120 feet in dimensions, and a heavy 
stock in each line is constantly carried, every effort 
being made to secure the most superior goods and 
to exhibit only such a,s are fresh and wholesome. 
In the procurement and sale of fine creamery but- 
ter peculiar advantages are possessed both as re- 
gards excellence of quality and economy in price, 
which benefits are freely shared with customers of 
the house. No dealer in the city can show a better 
line of goods or successfully compete in prices. A 



large and first-class trade is naturally enjoyed, all 
orders being promptly filled and every patron sup- 
plied to the lull extent of his wants at the shortest 
possible notice. Mr. Pennybacker is a native of Vir- 
ginia, a resident of this city for eighteen years, and 
well deserving of the confidence and support of 
producers and consumers in his line of tr*ide. 

R. D. O. Smith, Patent Agent, No. 615 
Seventh Street. — One of the most favorably known 
patent solicitors in the United Staies is Mr. Robert 
D. O. Smith, whose office is at No. 615 Seventh 
street. This gentleman established his business in 
1863, upon the basis of personal attention to de- 
tails to secure the best attainable results, aiming to 
do business in a proper way rather than in large 
volume, believing that the interest, zeal, or intelli- 
gence of the proprietor cannot be expected of the 
clerk. He early earned a high reputation for his 
ready grasp of the underlying principles of any in- 
vention or improvement, for integrity and energy 
in pressing forward his clients' cases to a favorable 
decision, and for tenacious adherence to his clients' 
rights. He gives his skilled professional services 
in all matters relating to tlie procurement and pro- 
tection of patents, such as caveating, searching in 
novelty, securing patents in this and all countries 
where patents are granted, contesting interferences, 
preparing assignments and licenses, reissuing de- 
fective patents, advising on validity, scope, and 
infringements, registering trade-marks and labels, 
arbitrating, serving as expert before the courts, and 
counseling at all stages on exclusive rights. He is 
entirely reliable, works diligently and faithfully in 
the interest of his patrons, and his extended and 
valuable experience enables him to place all cases 
upon the most satisfactory basis. Mr. Smith is 
practically eflicient as a mechanic, an important 
fact that should be well known, and is the inventor 
and patentee of the "Smith odorless water-closet," 
which is largely in use in various parts of the 
United States and esteemed as the most perfect ap- 
paratus of its kind. It has been imitated by man- 
ufacturers generally. Mi-. Smith's clientage is dis- 
tributed over the P^nited States, Canada, Europe, 
and even far-distant Australia and New Zealand, 
and he has the confidence of many of the leading 
manufacturers of the country, for some of whom he 
has acted without interruption from the time he 
commenced business, a fact of itself in the nature 
of highest praise. 

Windsor & Co., Ladies' and Gents' Fine 
Shoes, No. 1423 New York Avenue. — A well- 
appointed, attractively fitted up boot and shoe es- 
tablishment is that of Windsor •& Co., which was 
first opened to the public in 1853 by Mr. H. (' 
Windsor, who continued it until 1880, when the 
firm of Windsor & Co. was formed, composed of H. 
C. Windsor and F. C. Adams. Since the decease 
of the Fcnior member of the firm his interest has 
been represented by his widow. In size the store 
is about 25x80 feet in dimensions, and contains a 
general line of boots and shoes, embracing all the 
pleasing and suggestive modes for footwear in ac- 
cord with the fashionable ideas of the day, for gen- 
tlemen, ladies, misses, and children. These goods 
have been chosen with judgment from the most 
noted manufacturers and are sold at prices which 
cannot fail to please even the most economical. 
Mr. Adams is from the State of Maine. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



95 



M. M. Kohrer, Real Estate and Insurance, 
Third and East Capitol Streets, Capitol Hill. — 
Among those occupying a leading position in the 
real estate and insui'ance business, eminently quali- 
fied by long experience and practical ability for 
rendering service of the most valuable character, 
is M. M. Rohrer, whose office is located at the corner 
of Third and East Capitol streets. The enterprise 
conducted by him was originally inaugurated in 
1855 by Messrs. Rohrer & Whitney, and continued 
by them until 1867, when Mr. Rolirer assumed the 
sole control. Mr. Rolirer lias had thirty-five years' 
experience as a conveyancer, has been a member of 
the bar, and for the past twenty years made a spe- 
cialty of real estate and the laws governing it. He 
gives careful attention to the sale, exchange, pur- 
chase, and letting of property, and to the collection 
of rents, and negotiates loans on bond and mortgage 
to any desired amount. Both city and country 
property is handled, and a long list is shown, em- 
bracing desirable real estate, improved and unim- 
proved, in Washington and through Maryland and 
Virginia. Those contemplating investments for 
business, residence, or speculative purposes will 
find it materially to their advantage to call upon 
him, as superior bargains are constantly offered 
and all transactions placed upon the most satisfac- 
tory basis. Deeds, wills, trusts, agreements, and 
other legal instruments are carefully and accurately 
drawn, and tiie most reasonable charges made for 
sucii services. In fact, in every branch of the busi- 
ness he will be found thorough and reliable, and 
lie is strongly commended to the favor and confi- 
dence of property-owners, capitalists, and the pub- 
lic generally. Fire and life insurance is placed in 
the most solid and reliable companies at the lowest 
prevailing rates of premium, and a sure and prompt 
adjustment guaranteed in all bona-fide cases of 
loss. His office hours are from half-past-eight A. m. 
to five p. M., and from six to half-past-seven p. m. 
Mr. Rohrer is char:\cterized by promjDt, fair, and 
lionorable dealing, and all those principles upon 
which the real estate and insurance interests of 
this city are so permanently founded, and well 
merits the large measure of success which his 
energy and ability have achieved. 

Thomas Sonierville & Sons, National 
Brass Works, Dealers in Plumbers' Supplies and 
Manufacturers of Articles used in Plumbing, Steam 
and Gas Fitting, Nos. 316, 318, 320, and 322 Thir- 
teenth Street, N. W. — This representative house 
was founded in 1863 by Mr. Thomas Somerville, 
who conducted it till 1880, when he admitted his 
sons, Messrs. Joseph W. and Thomas Somerville 
into partnership under the style and title of Thomas 
Somerville & Sons. The premises occupied com- 
prise a spacious three-story brick building 8oxl30 
feet in dimensions, fully equipped with all the latest 
improved machinery, tools, and appliances known 
to the trade. Forty experienced brassworkers, 
mechanics, etc., are employed and the machinery 
is driven by a thirty-horse power steam engine. 
In addition to all kinds of brasswork, Messrs. Thomas 
Somerville & Sons keep constantly on hand iron, 
copper, and earthenware materials and supplies for 
plumbers, gas and steam fitters. These goods are 
unrivaled for quality of materials, utility, finish, 
reliability, and general excellence by those of any 
other first-class house in the trade. All orders are 
promptly filled, and it is the earnest desire of the 



proprietors to merit, by the strict principles of 
equity, a continuance of the liberal support already 
accorded during the last twenty-three years. The 
trade of the house extends throughout all sections 
of the United States and Canada. Mr. Thomas 
Somerville, the senior partner, was born in Perth, 
Scotland. He is president of the Equitable Build- 
ing Association, of the District of Columbia, and 
director and trustee of the Washington Beneficial 
and Endowment Association, also director of the 
Citizens' National Bank. ' 

W. I. Sherwood, Cigars, No. 405 Tenth 
Street, N. W. — Who, though even he does not 
smoke, does not like the odor of a good cigar? and 
Avhat smoker could resign, without the deepest re- 
gret, his cherished pipe or cheroot? One of the 
most prominent houses in this section of the city 
handling cigars, tobaccos, etc., is that of Mr. W. 1. 
Sherwood, whose handsome store is located in the 
Post Building, No.4U5 Tenth street, N. W. Though 
only established in 1885, Mr. Sherwood has, by his 
liberal business methods, the superior quality of 
his stock, and the low prices at which his goods 
are otTered, built up a large and steadily increasing 
trade. The premises occupied are 20x70 feet in 
dimensions, having an elegant plate-glass front, 
and the interior fixtures and appointments are rich 
and handsome and reflect great credit on the good 
taste and judgment of the proprietor. He carries 
a very heavy stock, embracing the best brands of 
imported and domestic cigars, the various grades 
of chewing and smoking tobaccos, brier and meer- 
schaum pipes and cigar holders -in fact, every thing 
that the lovers of the weed could possibly desire. 
All liis goods are first-class in every respect and 
are offered to the trade and public generally at 
prices that cannot be undersold in this District. 
Mr. Sherwood is a native of New York, and is an 
active, enterprising, and progressive business man. 
During the late war he served in the commissary 
department of the army of the Potomac, at head- 
quarters. City Point, Va. On his return to Brook- 
lyn he became a member of the Fourteenth Brook- 
lyn Volunteers. For five years he held the I'espon- 
sible position of chief clerk of the Bureau of 
Engraving and Printing, the duties of which he 
performed in a satisfactory manner. We commend 
his house to those interested as one eminently de- 
sirable with which to form business relations. 

William E. Matthews, Real Estate Broker, 
Le Droit Building, corner Eighth and F Streets. — 
This gentleman, who conducts an extensive busi- 
ness as a real estate and loan broker, established 
his business in 1881, and has since been con- 
ducting a prosperous line of patronage. He gives 
employment to two competent assistants and carries 
on a general business in buying and selling prop- 
erty and discounting paper. He has always on 
his books some very desirable properties for sale or 
exchange. He collects rents and undertakes the 
entire management of estates, promptly securing 
rents and keeping properties in a state of repair 
economically. He makes a specialty of note- 
brokerage and of negotiating loans on bond or 
mortgage. He is at all times ably prepared to sat- 
isfactorily meet all demands of the public. Mr. 
Matthews is a native of Baltimore and came to 
Washington in 1870, and is a gentleman of rare 
energy and business ability. 



96 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



N. Bunch, Gas-Power Book and Job Printer, 
Nos. 314 and 310 Eighth Street, N. W.— Mr. N. 
Bunch, located at Nos. 314 and 310 lughth street, 
N. W., is a job printer of large experience and es- 
tablished reputation, having kept abreast with the 
improvements of tlie age, and is to-day one of the 
best-equipped printing establishments in the city. 
He inaugurated his business here in 1879, and by 
close application and a thorough knowledge of all 
its requirements he has gained a tine reputation 
and a large and influential patronage. He occupies 
a spacious and attractive store, with basement, 
40x90 feet eacii, and possesses every requisite facil- 
ity for success in his trade. His printing office is 
thoroughly equipped with presses, operated by a 
gas-power engine, and every description of type, 
and employment is furnished to ten skilled Iiands, 
many of whom are artists in tlieir line, enabling 
Mr. Bunch to turn out a class of work of a most 
superior character, and possessing merit of a high 
order. Formerly, this gentleman was engaged, 
also, in the paper business, but tliis branch has 
been abandoned, and every attention paid to print- 
ing. In mechanical execution the work of the 
establishment cannot be excelled, and all orders 
are executed pronqjtly, satisfactorily, and cheaply. 
All kinds of cards, bill-heads, tags, and circulars are 
neatly printed, and every description of plain and 
ornamental printing, including books and pam- 
plilets, are executed at low prices and satisfaction 
is always guaranteed. Mr. Bunch is a leader in his 
line of trade in this city, is reliable in all his 
dealings, and eminently popular with his numer- 
ous patrons. 



W. W. Biirtlette & Co., Dry Goods and 

Carpets, Nos. 928 .Seventh Street and 706 K Street. 
— Messrs. W. W. Burdette & Co. liave continued 
here in business since 18-38. The premises consist of a 
massive iron-front store on Seventh street, L sliaped, 
having dimensions of about 25x100 feet deep from 
Seventh street, and 25x100 feet deep from K street, 
and a public entrance from eacli of the above- 
named thoroughfares. The slielves, counters, and 
every available space in the store are completely 
stocked with an immense assortment of goods, in- 
cluding every description of dry goods of foreign 
and domestic manufacture, and consists of dress 
goods in silks, satins, velvets, plushes, worsteds, 
cassimeres, cloths, etc., liosiery, gloves, corsets, 
laces, handkerchiefs, underwear, tablecloths, nap- 
kins, towelings, toilet goods, cloaks, sacques, and 
complete lines of ladies' and gentlemen's furnishing 
goods. A specialty is made of tlie silk and velvet 
departments, and the richest and rarest productions 
in tills class of goods are to be seen liere. A nota- 
ble feature is tlie department devoted to the sale of 
carpets, rugs, matting, and oil-cloth, a full assort- 
ment of the best lines manufactured being kept con- 
stantly in stock. As a matter of fact, it may be 
said that the establishment is in every way worthy 
of being called the great emporium of AVashington. 
A full staff of competent salespeople are employed, 
and customers are given every polite attention. 
Tlie pro{)rietor of this creditable establishment, 
Mr. W. AV^. Burdette, is one of AVashington's most 
tlioroughly representative business men. He is a 
native of Howard county, Md., and has lived in 
this city since 1852. 



John I. Vogt, Bakery, Confectionery, and 
Ice-Cream Saloon, No. 429 Seventh Street and 927 
Pennsylvania Avenue. — The bakery, confectionery 
and ice-cream saloon of Mr. John I. Vogt is in all 
respects one of the leading, largeti:, and best-equipped 
stores of the kind in the entire District. This ad- 
mirably conducted and flourisliing business was es- 
tablislied in 1862, and from its inception Mr. A'ogt 
has enjoyed a large and prosperous patronage, tlie 
general excellence of the goods, together with upright 
and honorable dealing, being the special features con- 
tributing to his well merited success. The premises 
occupied, which are the same in whicli the business 
was started, comprise a 25xl20-foot store, with a 
well ordered and inviting refreshment and ice-cream 
parlor attached, all neatly iittcd up and attractively 
arranged (the baking and manufacturing being done 
in the rear and in basement), while a heavy and A 1 
stock is constantly carried, including, besides plain 
and fancy bread and cake, fresh and pure every day, 
also tine confections and pastry of every variety, ice- 
cream, candies of all kinds, toothsome and whole- 
some, chocolate creams, caramels, bon-bons, and 
kindred delicious morsels and palatable edibles, a 
specialty being madeof fine pastry and confectionery, 
which is always free of all deleterious ingredients. 
From twenty-tive to thirty hands are employed, six 
wagons being in steady service supplying customers 
all over the city and su))urbs, and parties, weddings, 
high-class entertainments, and families are furnished 
in the most superior and satisfactory style. Mr. 
Vogt, v/ho is a practical and expert baker and 
confectioner himself, with thirty-live years' ex- 
perience in the exercise of his art, is a native of 
Germany, but lias been a resident of AVashington 
since 1853. 



A. Ghiselli, Merchant Tailor, No. 1730 Penn- 
sylvania Avenue, N. AV. — Occupying a leading po- 
sition among the representative merchant tailors of 
AVashington, Mr. A. Cihiselli is entitled to con- 
spicuous mention. The business which he conducts 
has been in continuous and successful operation 
since 1862, and the patronage now received is at 
once large, first-class, and permanent, among the 
customers being many senators, representatives, 
heads of foreign legations, and men well known in 
public life. Indisputable evidence is thus afforded 
of the high character of the work produced by Mr. 
( rhiselli. The store and manufacturing department 
are fitted up in the most thorough manner, the 
former being attractive in all its appointments and 
the latter a model of convenience in arrangement. 
A large and comjilete stock is carried of cloths and 
cassimeres, the choicest American fabrics being 
supplemented by a splendid line of the finest J^uro- 
pean goods, consignments reaching the house in 
either case direct from the j)roducers. Mr. Ghiselli 
is one of the few tailors liere who import from the 
best foreign sources, and consequently his a.ssort- 
ment is always replete with the latest and most 
fashionable novelties. The garments made by him 
are striking examples of correct style, perfection in 
fit, and finished workmanship. The prices are as 
moderate as the character of the work will justify. 
Mr. Ghiselli was born in Italy and came to this 
city twenty-five years ago. He is ably assisted by 
his son, Louis, a young man of much experience 
in the business, having been born in it. He is an 
agreeal^le, pleasant, and attentive business young 
man, and, with his father, enjoys tlie esteem of all 
who know him. Both father and son speak Italian, 
French, and English. 



I.FAD/NG MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



George W. Cochran & Co., Wholesale 
Dealers in Cigars, Tobaccos, etc., No. 1115 Penn- 
sylvania Avenue. — in common Avith all lines of 
legitimate commercial enterprise, the cigar and 
tobacco bnsines is creditably represented in Wash- 
ington by several lionses of acknowledged high 
standing and important proportions, both in the 
wholesale and retail trade. Standing in the fore- 
front of this trade is the house of Messrs. Geo. W. 
Cochran & Co., located at No. ] 115 Pennsylvania 
avenue. This firm are extensive wholesale and 
retiiil dealers in cigars and tobacco, keeping a large 
and select stock and being tlie sole agents and direct 
rei)resentatives of several of the most celebrated 
manufacturers in the United States. The business 
was established in 1847 by tlie senior partner, the 
present firm being organized in 187G. They are 
the agents for the District of CoUimbia and the 
States of Maryland, A^irginia, and West Virginia 
for Straiton & Storm's New York cigars, also agents 
for North Star fine-cut tobacco. They occupy a 
large store and basement 25x80 feet each, atlbrding 
ample storage area, which is brought into requisi- 
tion for the disposal of t lie heavy stock wiiich is 
constantly carried. While tlie bulk of the business 
is wholesale, extending throughous the District 
and the States of Maryland, Mrginia, and West 
Virginia, a large retail trade is also supplied, the 
stock embracing all the most popular and desirable 
brands and makes of choice imported and domestic 
cigars, cigarettes, smoking and chewing tobacco, 
pipes, pouches, pocket cigar and cigarette cases, 
cigar holders, tobacconists' sundries and specialties, 
and smokers' articles of every kind and description. 
Ten clerks and salesmen aie employed and prompt 
attention is given to every order. The firm iscom- 
l)0sed of Messrs. George W. Cochran and his sons, 
George and John Cochran, all natives of this city 
and enterprising, I'esponsible, and representative 
business men. 

C. F. Normeilt, Real Estate Broker, Rents 
Collected, Real Estate, Local Stocks, Bonds, and 
Securities Bought and Sold, and Loans Negotiated, 
No. 617 Louisiana Avenue. — Prominent among the 
most enterprising and successful houses engaged in 
the real estate business is -that of Mr. C. F. Nor- 
ment, which was established by him in 1885, and 
although not so long in the field as some others, he 
has been the recipient of a very large patronage. 
He conducts a general real estate, business, buying, 
selling, exchanging, and letting properties, and in- 
vestors can rely upon his sound judgment and ac- 
curate knowledge of values in making purchases of 
improved or unimproved realty either in tlie city 
or the surrounding vicinity. His connections are 
of a superior character, including among his cus- 
tomers, as he does, many of our leading capital- 
ists and investors. ISIr. Norment makes a perma- 
nent specialty of negotiating loans on bond and 
mortgage, and is very popular with those property- 
owners in need of financial assistance. Lie also 
buys and sells local stocks, bonds, and securities, 
likewise he is prepared to take entire charge and 
management of estates, secure responsible tenants, 
collect rents, and to effect repairs judiciously and 
maintain them at the highest standard of efficiency. 
Mr. Norment is a native of the District and son of 
the president of the Central National Bank, a 
member of the Masonic fraternity, Knights of 
Pythias, and Knights of Honor. 

7 



E.Wrig'ht Newman, Attorney and Coun- 
selor at Law, Pacific Building, No. 625 F Street. — 
Among the well-known attorneys and counselors at 
law in Washington is Mr. E. Wright Newman, who 
was born and brought up in Maryland, studied law in 
theotficeof DuvilleHowitz, in the city of Baltimore, 
and was with that gentleman during a period of 
seven years. He came to this city in 1873, and 
from 1879 has been in the successful practice of his 
profession. Mr. Newman practices before the • 
Lnited tStates courts in the District of Columbia, 
the Court of Ap[)eals of Maryland, and the Circuit j 
Court of Prince George's county, ^Id Claims aie 
prosecuted before every department of the Govern- 
ment, and the securing of pensions and patents re- 
ceives his prompt attention. Examinations ol title 
and conveyancing properly attended to.^ He is a 
gentleman possessing fine attainment and is a repre- 
sentative of the Washington bar. 

John Fegan, Rectifier and Wholesale Liquor 
Dealer, No. 402 Pennsylvania Avenue. — Mr. Fegan 
is well and widely known as an extensive wholesale 
dealer in foreign and domestic liquors. He founded 
his business in 1864 and has deserved and enjoyed ■ 
a long and prosperous career. His store comprises 
two fioors 25x100 feet each. Here is kept a stock 
as excellent in quality as it is complete and varied 
in quantity, embracing among its importations Irish 
and Scotch whiskies, I)ublin porter, English ales, 
and fine selections of brandies, rums, gins, ports, 
and sherries. Besides these foreign goods, the stock 
includes the rarest jMoductions of the best Ameri- 
can distillers of Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylv;inia, 
and Kentucky, in such goods as old Bourbon, rye, 
and wheat whiskies. These are carefully stored 
and allowed to ripen to perfect maturity before 
being placed upon the market. The faciliiies and 
advantages of this hc" ;e are such as to afibrd the 
trade inducements in jrices and guaranteed goods 
that are not bettered by any competing house in 
the country. Sales are made throughout all the 
United States, and from its earliest history this 
house has been a popular one with the trade. 

John Simmons, Sale and Exchange Stable, 
No. 311 Twelfth Street, N. \V. — Among the most 
popular and leliable establishments devoted to the 
sale, exchange, and care of horses and carriages in the 
District of Columbia can be mentioned the admi- 
rably conducted and well equipped sale and ex- 
change stable of John Simmons. "This flourishing 
enterprise was started some ten years ago, and from 
its inception IMr. Simmons has enjoyed a ]arj:e and 
substantial ])atronage, Mr. Sinmions numbering 
among his patrons many of the solid and wealthy 
citizens of the city and suburbs. The stable, which 
is devoted exclusively to private sale and exchange, 
is a two-story structure, 40x100 feet in superHcial 
dimensions, supplied with the most improved facil- 
ities and appurtenances, and possesses accf>mmo(!a- 
tions to care for upward of thirty head of stock at a 
time Horses of all kinds are kept constantly on 
hand for pnrchase or exchange, an efficient staff of 
handsbeing inregular service, everything beingun- 
der the close personal sui ervision of the proprietor, 
and all sales and transactions effectedhere can be re- 
lied upon implicitly, horses being guaranteed as rep- 
resented in every instance. Mr. Simmons is a native 
of England, ancl a resident of Wash'ngton over a 
quaiter of a century. 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



E. C. Seward, Solicitor of Patents, Counsel 
in Patent Causes, No. 914 F Street, X. W.— Mr. E. C. 
Seward is a gentleman well calculated for t!ie high- 
est success as a solicitor of patents and counsel iu 
patent cases. Pie has been connected in a respon- 
sible position with Mr. II. A. Seymour, the well- 
known patent attorney of this city, for the past four 
years, retiring from tliat position in September 
last to engage in practice for himself. He has 
shown a natural aptitude for patent practice, and 
possesses the requisite talent, determination, and 
energy to win the highest success. Mr. Seymour 
writes Iiim that " if ability, faitlifuiness, and a liigh 
order of work are appreciated and rewarded, as 
doubtless they will be, abundant success is in store 
for you." Gen. M. 1). Leggett, a former Commis- 
sioner of Patents, who is associated witii Mr. Sey- 
mour i.i ))atent cases of large importance, writes 
Mr. Seward that " your thorough preparation in 
scliolarsiiip and reading, and your long experience 
with Mr. Seymo ir and ourselves, and your con- 
scientious and laborious etibrts to always do every- 
thing just right, should secure you a large and 
thriving business, and 1 liave no doubt will do so." 
These testimonials go to show the character of the 
man and foreshadow his career. Mr. Seward is 
prepared to make a careful and thorough prelimi- 
nary examination to ascertain the patentability of 
the invention, and, if found to be novel and patent- 
able, making the necessary application with skill, 
care, and judgment, and prosecuting the same with 
vigor, fidelity, and thoroughness. He will also give 
special attention to rejected cases, make out and file 
caveats, assignments, attend to cases in interference 
or upon appeal, and attend to reissues, designs, 
trade-marks, labels, and copyrights. In cases of 
infringement, or where an individual or firm is 
desirous of knowing the validity of a ])atent which 
they hold or think of purchasing, lie mades an ex- 
haustive search througho' it American and foreign 
patents, rendering an opinion based upon the re- 
sults of such search. Mr. Seward is a native of Con- 
necticut. 

Jackson & Co., "W" holesale and Eetail Gro- 
cers, No. 626 Pennsylvania Aveime. — A represent- 
ative house in the wholesale and retail grocery 
trade in Washington is that of the firm of Jackson 
&Co.. which dates its inceittion from 1837. It was 
founded by B. L. Jackson & Pro., anci in 1852 the 
firm name was changed to Jackson, Jiro. «& Co., and 
in ISSO to Jackson t<: Co., the copartners being 
y^m.. II. McElfresh and W'ni. L. Senfi'erle, who 
were both born and brought up in Washington, 
Mr. McElfresh having been coiniectcd with this 
house for twenty-two years. The establishment is 
made conspicuous not only by its being one of the 
largest and most popular in the District, but also 
from the many years it has been in existence, and 
the sujjcrior advantages which it offers to patrons 
in the way of superior goods at moderate prices, 
that cannot be sin'passed by any other lumse. A 
glatice through this well-onlered establishment re 
veals a tiioroughly organized business and a full 
and complete stock, embracing everytiiing in the 
line of choice, staple, and fancy groceries, togetlier 
with pure imported and domestic wines, brandies, 
cigars, etc., a specialty being made of the finest 
China, Janan. and India leas, and fragrant cofiees, 
fruits, table delicacie-;, rondiments, etc. In dimen 
sioiis the store is 23x125 feet, and is complete and 



perfect in all departments. Both members of the 
firm are favorably known in tlie community, and as 
merchants and citizens are held in high estimation. 
A large trade derived from the District and tiie ad- 
jacent sections of country is enjoyed, and tliree de- 
livery wagons are kept constantly employed deliv- 
ering goods to the depots, families, and the trade in 
the city. 

Georg-e M. Schaefer, Paperhanger and 
Upholsterer, No. ITO'J Pennsylvania Avenue, near 
Seventeenth vStreet. — Mr. Schaefer made his mark 
as an artistic general interior decorator and per- 
formed work in hundreds of the best residences of the 
capital. Thirty years ago he came to this city from 
his native country, Germany, and in 1865, in com- 
pany with a Mr. Kaufiman, he established business 
here. In 1867 Mr. Kaufiman retired from the firm 
and Mr. Schaefer died in 1885, and the business has 
since been conducted by his widow. Thecommodious 
store occupied, 20x60 feet in size, is filled with an 
extensive assortment of paperhangings containing 
all the new ideas and latest styles in [tlain and or- 
namental wall-paper, in rich colors andcombinations 
of shades, tints, and gold, also ceiling paper, centre- 
pieces, and panels, dado, tile, and frieze paper in 
modern and antique styles, also English tapestry 
and Japanese designs; window-shades are also kept 
in profuse variety, picture cord, shade fixtures, cor- 
nice bands, and loops. Three hands are employed 
by INIrs. Schaefer, J. F. Magee being foreman, and 
paperhanglug and general interior decorating are 
performed to order in the most artistic and tasteful 
styles. Store shades are made and lettered to order, 
estimates are furnished on application, and general 
satisfaction is guaranteed with all work performed. 
Mrs. Schaefer is a business women highly esteemed 
in social and business circles. 

Paul Reinlein, Pharmacist, Ninth and P 
Streets and Ninth and U Streets, N. W. — Prominent 
among the reliable pharmacists of the city of Wash- 
ington is Mr. Paul Reinlein, who holds a first place 
in the profession. This gentleman established his 
business here ten years ago, first starting at the corner 
of Ninth and P streets, wlierehesoon built up a large 
run of popular custom. Three year? ago, finding 
his business had increased so largely, he opened a 
second store at the junction of Ninth and U streets, 
and his new venture also proved a success. Both 
stores are m-idels of taste and attractiveness, being 
fitted up in handsome style. Each is well stocked 
with a choice, well-selected assortment of piu-e drugs 
and fresh medicines, [)harmaceutic:d ]ireparations, 
and all the proprietary medicines of known merit, 
together with all kinds of toilet goods and all those 
articles used by physicians in tlieir practice. Mr. 
Reinlein, who is a native of Ohio, has for forty 
years been actively engaged in the drug trade and 
understands it perfectly. He is a member of the 
American Pliarmaceutical Association and makes a 
specialty of the practice of pliarmacv. He employs 
nonebutskilleda-sistants, and at all hours of the day 
and night compounds jihysicians' jirescriptions and 
family reci)ies in a skillftd and accurate manner, 
using only the bestdrugs. Another s|)ecial feature of 
his establishments is the fine stock of cigars which 
he at all times keeps on hand. The assortment in- 
cludes the choicest imported and domestic brands. 
He is a gentleman who has a wide circle of fritnds 
and jiatrous and is esteemed by all who know him. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



99 



Weller Si, Repetti, Keal Estate Oifice, No. 
326 Pennsylvania Avenue, S. E. — Among VVash- 
ington's most active anil enterprising real estate and 
insurance agents must be named Messrs. AVeller & 
Repetti, whose office is located at No. 326 Pennsyl- 
vania avenue. Both the partners, Messrs. M. J. 
Weller and G. R. Repetti, have liad a long and 
useful career, Mr. Repetti being the president of 
the District Real Estate Investment Association, 
an organization they started some eighteen months 
ago, which has proven to be one of the most suc- 
cessful and lucrative enterprises ever undertaken, it 
be' ig a stock company, having started witli but a 
limited amount of capital, and at tiie present time 
its assets amount to many thousands. Tliey were 
formerly engaged together as manufacturers of and 
wholesale dealers in cigars for a period of sixteen 
years. In tlie summer of 1886 they abandoned the 
cigar trade and started business as general real es- 
tate and insurance agents. Thus far they have 
met with the most marked and encouraging suc- 
cess, and this augurs well for future achievements. 
They have a neatly and well fitted up office, which 
is connected by telephone, the call being 781-4. 
The firiii buy, sell, exchange, and let properties of 
all kinds, collect rents, negotiate loans, undertake 
management of estates for absentee owners, and 
they effijct insurance to any amount in all the lead- 
ing, standi insurance companies in the world, and 
are prompt and efficient as general agents. They 
conduct their business upon fixed principles, which 
have materially contributed to gain for them the 
confidence and support of the public. Mr. Weller 
is a native of England and Mr. Repetti was born 
in Washington, and both are members of the Cath- 
olic Knights of America. 

"W. Gr. Metzerott & Co., Dealers in Music 
and Musical Merchandise, No. 9U3 Pennsylvania 
Avenue. — ^The well-known and deservedly popular 
establishment of W. G. Metzerott & Co., dealers in 
music and musical merchandise, is by common con- 
sent the leading and mostreliable concern devoted to 
this interesting branch of mercantile activity in 
Washington, as well as the oldest and best equipped 
in the city, having been in continuous and successful 
existence over thirty-five years. This well and 
favorably known house was founded in 1851, and 
since tlien has been continued with uninter- 
rupted success, still trading under the original firm 
name, which is regarde 1 as something akin to a well- 
established trade-mark in the music trade in this 
section of the country. The premises occupied com- 
prise a 30x80-foot store, taking in the entire second 
story of the New Central Building, neatly fitted up 
and admirably kept, and the largest in the city de- 
voted to this line. He carrtes a heavy and A 1 
stock, including musical instruments of all kinds, 
sheet music, pianos and organs, music books, small 
wares, fancy articles, and general musical merchan- 
dise, while the firm are sole agents for Chickering <& 
Sons, Ilardraan, Haines Brothers, James & Holms- 
trom, and other pianos, and Clougli & Warren and 
other organs, special attention being paid to tuning 
and repairing instruments, and ail orders are 
promptly attended to. Twelve capable and efficient 
assistants are employed, no pains being spared to 
render the fullest satisfaction in every instance to 
customers, the trade extending all over the District 
of Columbia, Virginia, Maryland, and surrounding 
States. 



Chas. J. Magrill, Wholesale Fruit and Pro- 
duce Dealer, No. 923 B Street, N. W.— The fruit 
and produce trade of Washington is so increasingly 
extensive, and bears such an important relation 
to the sum total of tiie city's commercial transactions, 
that it presents a most inviting field for the invest- 
ment of capital and the exercise of the highest order 
of business talent. Accordingly we find the industry 
most ably represented, and prominent among those 
so engaged is Mr. Chas. J. Magi 11, who for tlie past 
thirteen years has prosecuted a growing and pros- 
perous trade, and gained for his establishment a 
place among tlie most substantial and infiuential 
mercantile institutions of the city. The building 
occupied at No. 923 B street, N. W., coverstwofioors, 
each 20x80 feet in dimensions, the whole of which 
space is required for the convenient storage of the 
heavy stock constantly carried to meet the current 
demands of customers. Mr. Magill deals largely at 
wholesale in foreign and domestic fruits, vegetables, 
and general farm products, and receives regular 
consignments in car lots. A specialty is made of 
Norfolk produce, but goods reach tlie house from 
all parts of the country. Every effort is made to 
maintain a high standard of quality in the mer- 
chandise handled, and Vjy which a first-class trade 
is retained. All orders are promptly filled, and 
patrons always receive the benefit of the lowest 
))rices. Mr. Magill also handles consignments on 
commission, and owing to his close observation of 
the changing conditions of the market and the ex- 
ceptional facilities he possesses, is enabled to efiTect 
the most advantageous sales in every case. The 
concern is in every way reliable and responsible, 
and altogether one of the most desirable in Wash- 
ington in its line with which to communicate. Mr. 
Magill is a native of Baltimore, has resided in this 
city since 1873, and has always borne a most ex- 
cellent reputation as a man who holds, in all of his 
transactions, to principles of commercial integrity. 

C. W. H. Brown, Mechanical Draughtsman, 
No. 639 F Street, N. W.— Mr. C. W. H. Brown, 
mechanical draughtsman, is by common consent 
one of the leading and best-equipped exponents of 
the art in this city, practically and thoroughly con- 
versant with every branch of mechanical drawing, 
and of which no better criterion need be offered 
than the following list of names, to which he refers 
by permission: Wallace A. Bartlett, Washington, 
D.C.; Howell Bartle, Washington, D.C.; Wright & 
Brown, No. 31 Peraberton square, Boston, ]\Iass. ; J. 
G. Perry, Wakefield, R. I.; Andrew Burgess, New 
York city; Stout & Underwood, Milwaukee, Wis.; 
A. H. Spencer, No. 28 State street, Boston, Mass. As 
a matter of information to solicitors of patents it 
may be stated that Mr. Brown is prepared to make at 
short notice all classes of mechanical drawings and 
copies or corrections of drawings that may be re- 
quired by the Patent Office, solicitors, or inventors, 
and to make preliminary examinations and searches 
of titles and assignments, promptness being a 
specialty, while the charges are always extremely 
moderate. Mr. Brown, who is a native of Maine, 
graduated from the i\Iaine State College as a 
mechanical engineer, and has resided in Washing- 
ton since 1876, embarking in business on his own 
account about four years ago. He occupies ample 
and well-ordsred offices, and executes all work in 
the most superior and expert manner, furnishing 
designs and estimates promptly upon application. 



100 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



Francis B. Mohan, Keal Eastate and Loans, 
No. lool F Street, N. \V. — The record of the 
leading members of Washington's real estate circles 
is one of a tlioroughly honorable and creditable 
character, and the steady increase in values and in 
popularity shows what an important financial 
interest District of Columbia realty has become. 
For these reasons it is a matter of great interest to 
the general public to obtain accurate facts in 
regard to the representative brokers of this city. 
Prominent among the number is Mr. Francis B. 
Mohun, of No. 1331 F street, N. W., who 
established this busines in 18S4, and during the 
intervening period has developed an extensive 
trade and a widespread connection, including 
among his permanent patrons many of our leading 
capitalists and investors. Mr. Mohun is a recognized 
authority in regard to values of residential, business, 
and suburban property, and has brought to a suc- 
cessful issue m:iny very important transactions, and 
intending investors who rely upon his sound judg- 
ment and judicious advice in purchasing property 
will secure not only a steady income, but likewise a 
prospective increase of value. Mr. Mohuti has 
made a specialty of negotiating loans on bond and 
mortgage, and is very po|)ular with those property 
owners in need of financial assistance. Both in the 
line of city and suburban property he enjoys facili- 
ties for the purchase, sale, and renting of all descrip- 
tion of houses, flats, and business realty, and those 
in search of something that will suit them are sure 
to find it in the large variety ofl^ered by him from 
which to select, and which represent values to suit 
every investor. Mr. Mohun was born in this city, 
lie is secretary of the Riggs Fire Insurance Com- 
pany, also secretary of the Emergency Hospital, 
both of this city. His methods are straightforward 
and honorable, and the volume of his business is 
steadily increasing. 

Fred. Gheen, Brighton Market, No. 1928 
Pennsylvania Avenue. — A leading headquarters for 
meats, provisions, and produce in the city of Wash- 
ington is the Brighton Market, under the proprie- 
torship of Mr. Fred. Gheen. This enterprise was 
established here in 1SS2, and lias since been con- 
ducted with steadily increasing success. The prem- 
ises occupied are large and commodious, and fitted 
up with refrigerators for keeping the stock fresh 
and sweet. Mr. Gheen deals in the best qualities 
of stall-fed beef. Southdown mutton, Philadelphia 
poultry and butter, oysters and game in season, etc., 
also the earliest vegetables in their season, and 
all kinds of country produce fresh from the pro- 
ducer. All the details of the business are conducted 
under the personal supervision of Mr. Gheen, 
assisted by several clerks and salesmen. He fur- 
nislies patrons with as good a quality of the above- 
named goods as can be procured in the market, and 
always at fair prices. Mr. Gheen is a native of the 
District, and very successful in meeting all the de- 
mands made upon him. 

J. Reliwold, Railroad Ticket Broker, No. 
407 Pennsylvania Avenue. — A gentleman in Wash- 
ington who is prominently engaged as a railroad 
ticket broker is Mr. J. Rehwold, of No. 467 Penn- 
sylvania avenue. He founded his business in 187o 
Mud has since been carrying on large operations in 
buying, selling, and exchanging tickets to all points 
e.i~t, west, south, or north. He giarantees all 



tickets and cheerfully furnishes all required infor- 
mation. Mr. Rehwold is a native ot Cincinnati, 
Ohio, has lived in Washington eleven years, is a 
gentleman of honcjr and ability, and is held in high 
esteem by his numerous friei:ds. 

Brill & Hayrten, Tinning and Plumbing, 
Gasfitting and Stove Repairing, No. 308 Pennsyl- 
vania Avenue, N. W. — The house of Messrs. Brill 
& Haydeu is a leading one in this line of trade. It 
was founded in 1870 by Mr. W. G. Parkinson, who 
was succeeded by the present firm in 1880. The 
premises occupied comprise a store and workshop, 
well adapted in every way for trade purposes, and 
provided with every modern appliance for facilitat- 
ing the work in hand. Both members of the firm 
are practical plumbers, gas and steam fitters, and 
are prepared to execute work of all kinds pertain- 
i^iig thereto, as well as tinning and stove repairing 
in all its branches. A competent force of skilled 
workmen is constantly employed, and, as all work 
is performed under the personal supervision of the 
firm, those who intrust their orders to this house 
may be assured of prompt attention and efficient 
and satisfactory work. A full line of plumbing 
materials is kept on hand, including bath-tubs, 
water-closets, wash-basins, brass cocks and fixtures, 
lead and iron pipe, etc. Estimates are promptly 
furnished. The firm is composed of Messrs. Charles 
i Brill and R. B. Hayden, both of whom have had 
: twent}' years' experience in their business. 

Le^T Curry, Agent, Manufacturer of and 
Dealer in Brass and Copper Wire, Copper Cable 
Lightning Rods, Wire Cloth, and Wire Goods of 
every description. No. 521 Seventh Street, N. W. — 
Although a comparatively new enterprise, having 
been started September 1st, 1886, the large measure 
of public favor and prosperity that has from its in- 
ception attended the eflbrts of Mr. Curry (who en- 
joys the distinction of being the only one engaged 
in this useful and interesting sphere of activity in 
the District) abundantly attests the excellence of 
his work, as well as the f:>ct that this flourishing 
concern supplies a want hitherto felt in the com- 
munity. Here can be found an extensive and va- 
ried assortment of brass and cop]»er wire, copper 
cable lightning-rods, all grades of brass, copper, and 
iron wire cloth, wire ropes, wire sash cord, wire 
picture cord, wire clothes lines, wire screens, wire 
fencing, and wire goods of every style and variety: 
and all kinds of wire work is measured for and put 
up in the most complete and excellent manner, sev- 
eral expert workmen being employed. Copper 
cable lightning rods are furnished with points and 
fixtures, or are erected on the buildings to order, 
and prices and estimates are promptly given on ap- 
plication ; a specialty being the new twist galvan- 
ized wire cloth, Avhich affords absohite protection to 
church and factory windows, desk work, letiered 
office screens, and wire railings. The jireniises here 
occupied comprise an establishment 25x80 feet in 
dimensions, thoroughly equipped in every respect, 
every facility being at hand for the execution of all 
orders, and the trade, which is both wholesale and 
retail, is very lartro, extending throughout the Dis- 
trict of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and out- 
lying country. Mr. Curry, who is a native of 
Pennsylvania, has been a resident of Washingtoa 
over a quarter of a century. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



101 



J. S. Thompson, Thompson's Dairy, Milit, 
Cream, p'resli Butter, Buttermilk, and Eggs, No. 
5 1 1 Four-and-a-halt Street, S. W. — It is a matter 
that has been placed beyond doubt that a very 
large percentage of the milk, cream, and butter 
sold in the various cities of the Union is of a very 
inferior grade, if not absolutely injurious to health. 
The question is one which seriously concerns the 
people, and our mission would be but poorly ful- 
tilled were we not to call attention to an establish- 
meut tiie purity and high quality of whose jjroducts 
have gained for it widespread recognition and 
favor. We refer to the Thompson Dairy, located 
at No. 51 L Four-and-a-half street, 8. W. Mr. J. S. 
Thompson, the proprietor, inaugurated tliis valu- 
able enterprise in 1880, and has accamulated a 
trade of large and rapidly increasing proportions. 
The premises occupied comprise a spacious store, 
25x100 feet, with basement, which is arranged in 
the most convenient manner for tho prompt prose- 
cution of business, kept scrupulously clean, and 
affords ample room for all the operations of the 
house. Mr. Thompson deals extensively in milk, 
cream, fresh butter, buttermilk, and eggs, and 
carries a stock which is at all times commensurate 
with the heavy demands upon it. An average of 
live hundred gallons of pure milk is sold daily, and 
the receipts from the other articles handled are 
j)ropoitionately large. Some idea of the extent of 
the trade may be gathered from the fact that six 
delivery wagons are required and that the facilities 
are being steadily enlarged in order to properly 
meet the increasing pressure upon the resources of 
the concern. Mr. Thompson manufactures butter 
of the best grades, using steam [)ower in the churn- 
ing, and receives largely from the well-known dairy 
of Arthur Thompson, in Broome county, N. Y. In 
carefully packed pails these packages come to hand 
twice a week, and have attained a wide reputation 
for flavor, freshness, and high quality. The sub- 
stantial success acliieved by Mr. Thompson has 
been fully deserved, and the indications are auspi- 
cious for a long and prosperous career. 

Oeorg-e J. Nash (Successor t» C. K. Adams), 
Bookbinder and Blank-Book Manufacturer, No. 
50S> Ninth Street, N. W. — .\mong the prosperous 
and growing enterprises of Washington, few are 
more worthy of mention than the well-known es- 
tablishment of which Mr. George J. Nash is the 
genial j)roprietor. The business of this house wns 
originated in 1870 by Mr. John Pettebone. He 
was succeeded in 1S76 by Mr. C. R. Adams, who, in 
1881, disposed of the business to the present pro- 
prietor, Mr. Nash. The latter is a native of New 
York city, but has resided in Washington since 1872. 
He occupies one floor, which is 25x70 feet in di- 
mensions, and here a brisk business is done in 

-, pa|)er ruling and bookbinding of every description. 

. The mechanical and other appliances are of the 
most modern and latest improved character for pro- 
ducing the best class of work and for promptly fill- 
ing all orders. Every branch of the business is 
liere carried on, and a great deal of work is done 
for the stationery trade in the city, Mr. Nash hav- 
ing on his books the names of many customers in 
every way representative in tlie capital. A spe- 
cialty is made of doing fine work for a first-class 
private trade. Specimens of his work can be seen 
in many of our finest residences in Washington and 
the suburbs. 



Thomas W. Miller & Co., Regisrtered 
Plumbers, Tin Eoofing, Snouting, Kepairnig, etc.. 
Dealers in Stoves, Kanges, and Heaters, No. 1)31 
Ninth vStreet, N. W. — As a sanitary measure for 
the promotion of health, the plumbing trade 
occupies a i)Osition in the front rank of improve- 
ments. The house of Messrs. Thomas W. Miller & 
Co., located at No. 9ol ^inth street, N. W., is well 
known and popular in this line, and was estab- 
lisiied by them in 185G, ami at the present location 
in 1883, Mr. Miller being the first boy born in Wash- 
ington to learn the piumbing trade. The premises 
occupied are spacious and commodious, and appro- 
priately and attractively fitted up, where a complete 
stock of plumbers', steam and gas fittei-s' supplies is 
constantly carried. Everything in the way of 
plumbing, ventilating, moling, spouting, .steam and 
gas fitting is executed, estimates are furnished, con- 
tracts entered into, and the complete fitting up of 
buildings of all kinds is sati>factorily performed. 
He keeps likewise on hand always a general assort- 
ment of stoves, ranges, and heaters of the very latest 
and most inqjroved patterns, also the fittings 
belonging to them, together with a selection of tin, 
co|)per, and sheet-iron ware and general hou.sehold 
furnishing goods. Repairing of all kinds receives 
the most careful and especial attention. In sani- 
tary engineering, the specialty of the house, on the 
perfect perfortaance of which so much of Health 
and comfort o.f the community depends, an active 
and practical experience of over thirty years is 
certainly an element to command confidence. Such 
an experience is that of Mr. Miller, which, being 
combined with all necessary facilities, readily 
accounts for the popularity of the house among 
builders and property owners. None but the most 
skillful and experienced workmen are employed, and 
all the operations of the establishment are carried 
on under the immediate sujiervision of the pro- 
prietor. Mr. Miller was born in the District and 
justly merits the success attained by his ability, 
energy, and perseverance. 

Hag-O Worch & Co., Pianos and Organs, 
Sole Agents for Sohmers' Pianos, No. 1'25 Seventh 
Street, N. W. — Conspicuous among the prosperous 
and influential business houses of this city is that 
of Messrs. Hugo Worch & Co. The business of 
this house was founded in 1882 by E. C. Worch, 
who retired two years later, leaving the sole 
control to the present proprietor, Mr. Hugo Worch, 
under whose able management the business of the 
establishment has become greatly increased. The 
handsome salesroom is fitted with a large and very 
superior stock of goods. The firm hold the sole 
agency for Sohmers' pianos, which are celebrated 
for their fine, strong volume of tone and general 
excellence, and have on hand at all times a full, 
supply of these superior instruments, also all the 
favorite makes of pianos and organs, which are 
sold on favorable terms either for cash or on the 
installment plan. A choice variety of all other 
kinds of musical instruments are also kept on hand, 
including guitars, violins, banjos, flutes, zithers, 
drums, accordions, cornets, etc. Sheet-music, em- 
bracing all the latest foreign and domestic composi- 
tions, is being constantly received, and is sold at 
publishers' prices. Particular attention is given to 
tuning and repairing. Mr. Worch is a native of 
Germany, came to the United States in 18(i2, and 
has lived in Washington since 1862. 



102 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



W. C. Derby & Co., Plumbers', Steam and 
Gastitters' Supplies, Cast, VVrought-Iron, Lead, 
and Terra-Cotta Pipe and Fittings, Agents for 
Eberman's Boiler I'eeders, Ko. 907 Louisiana 
Avenue, N. W., and iSo. 910 C Street, N. VV.— 
The leading headquarters in the city of Washing- 
ton for plumbers', steam, and gaslitters' supplies is 
the establishment of Messrs. W. C. Derby <& Co., 
located at Nos. 907 Louisiana avenue and 910 C 
street, N. W., under Fords Opera House. This 
house was founded in 1884, and lias always occu- 
pied a front rank in its special line of trade. The 
store is large and spacious, 20x100 feet in dimen- 
sions, and is stocked to repletion wilii first-class 
supplies of every description for the use of plum- 
bers' and gas and steam titters. The stock embraces 
cast-iron, wrought-iron, lead, and terra-cotta pipe and 
fittings, sheet lead, solder, brass-work, sinks, copper- 
work, lead traps, tlie leading specialties being fire 
clay, fire brick, garden vases, rustic settees, chimney 
tops, rustic chairs, chimney pipe, drain tile, and all 
kinds of well pumps. The firm are also agents for 
Barrett's back-water valves and clean-outs, and for 
Eberman's boiler feeders. In the ordinary styles 
of goods this firm lead the market in this line, both 
as regards quality and price, possessing unsuri)assed 
facilities for procuring the best supplies from the 
manufacturers, and furnishing the trade and con- 
sumers at prices wliicli defy competition. Tlieir 
patronage is large and iniluential througliout Mary- 
land, Virginia, and District of Columbia, and is 
rapidly increasing in strength and importance. The 
members of tlie firm are Messrs. W. C. Derby, Ed. 
Derby, and James J. O'Brien, reputable business 
men of experience, enterprise, and high standing in 
tlieir trade. 

Cutter & Wiiner, Real Estate and Insur- 
ance Brokers, No. 1423 F Street.— This business 
was founded in 18<S4 by Mr. J. B. Wimer, the pres- 
ent firm being organized in February 1886. They 
are known in this city as real estate and insurance 
brokers of large experience and established reputa- 
tion. Tiiey have become actively identitied with the 
real estate interests of tlie District, and have de- 
veloped connections of most advantageous character, 
including among their customers many leading 
capitalists and investors. Those investors who have 
been guided by the judgment and advice of this firm 
have secured properties returning handsome in- 
comes, with considerable increase already assured 
and further prospective increase in values. They 
devote special attention to the purchase and sale of 
real estate, to the leasing and care of hou'^es, stores, 
and lands, procure loans on bond and mortgage, and 
assume the entire management of estates, securing 
good tenants, promptly collecting the rents, affecting 
repairs in the most judicious manner, and generally 
placing all properties intrusted to their hands at 
the highest standard. Their list of residential and 
business properties for rent or for sale is among the 
most com])]ete in the city. This firm are also pre- 
pared to effect insurance in the best Companies, and 
are the agents for the Washington Fife and Marine 
Insurance Company Boston, the company having 
a capital of one million dollars. The members of 
this firm are Messrs. J. B. Wimer and E. C. Cutter, 
the former a native of Philadelphia and the hitter 
of Boston. Their spacious office, opposite the 
Treasury and Corcoran Buildings, is one of the most 
conveniently located in the city. 



Robert & Keyser, Artists, Oil Paintings, 
Water Colors, Crayon Work, etc , No. 307 Seventh 
Street. — Attention is directed to the deservedly 
popular firm of Kobert <& Keyser, artists, whose 
well-equipped gallery and studio enjoy a deservedly 
high reputation for execution in oil, water colors, 
crayon, and kindred branches, being, in fact, 
among the leading and most reliable exponents of 
the art in \Vashington. The copartnership, which 
was established about a year ago, is comjiosed of 
Messrs. Oscar Robert (a native of Copeniiagen, 
Denmark i and Earl Keyser (a West Marylander by 
birth), and residents of the District, respectively, 
twenty-tiiree and twelve years. They are both ex- 
jterts with the brush, pencil, and pastel, and thor- 
ough masters of their profession, having had up- 
ward of thirty odd years' experience in the exercise 
of their art, their paintings having been frequently 
on exhibition tliroughout the principal cities of the 
country. They execute oil paintings, water colors, 
crayon, pastel, and general fine art work, making a 
specialty of crayon and aquarel portraits. The 
premises occupied are neat and commodious, an 
attractive display being made, and an exceedingly 
full collection of paintings adorn their studio. 

W. S. Richarcl.son, Druggist and Chemist, 
No. 409 Fourand-a-Half Street, S. W.— Although 
one of the late business enterprises of Washington, 
the pharmacy of Mr. W. S. Richardson is one of the 
most attractive drug establishmentin the city. The 
busines^i was established in iS85 at the present loca- 
iton, and the tenyears' experience of the proprietor 
as a practical pharmacist hasenabled Mr. Richardson 
to successfully compete with the older drug houses 
for the trade of the city and suburbs. The store and 
laboratory of Mr. Richardson are complete in their 
appointments and present a mo-t attractive appear- 
ance. The stock includes the finest English, French, 
German, and American chemicals, pure drugs, and 
a full line of standard proprietary remedies and 
preparations, with an elegant assortment of toilet 
and fancy articles usually found in all first-class 
pharmacies. Mr. Richardson is an expert chemist, 
and compounds with the utmost care and absolute 
accuracy physicians' prescriptions and family re- 
cipes, also all pharmaceutical preparations. Heisa 
prominentmember of the Washington Pharmaceu- 
tical Association. Mr. Richardson is a native of 
Vermont and has lived in Washington fur six years. 

James Compton, Wholesale and Retail 
Dealer in Fine Virginia Tobacco, Cigarettes, and Ci- 
gars, No. 515 Seventh Street, N. W. — The prosper- 
ous and popular establishment of James Compton, 
wholesale and retail dealer in fine Virginia to- 
bacco, cigarettes, and cigars, since its inception 
here, eight years ago, has maintained a firm hold 
on public favor and patronage, and is by common 
consent one of the most reliable and best equipped t 
concerns of the kind in this section of the city. 
lie occupies a 25x80 foot store, neatly fitted npand 
well kept in every respect, and carries constantly 
on hand an extensive andsuperior stock, including 
Allen &Ginter's (Richmond, Va.) andT. J. Dunn 
& Co.'s U. S. Key W^est cigars, for which the house 
is agent ; also, " Old Virginny " smoking and chew- 
ing tobaccos, pipes, snuffs, and general smokers' ar- 
ticles, besides Mr. Compton's own special brands of 
cigars, the following favorites: "The Mug- 
wump," " The Exception," " Flor de Tobacco." 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



103 



National Labor Bnreaii, E. II. Dick ] 

Proprietor, Employment, Male and Kemale, No. 517 1 
Seventh Street, N. W. — Labor, although of all 
things emanating from man the most immaterial, 
is, nevertheless, in the nature of things, a com- 
modity in the market, subject to the law of sujjply 
and demand. Under the va^t and complex indus- 
trial and commercial system that obtains, the labor 
exchange, like the mart for the sale of merchan- 
dise, is an indispensable feature in every great 
centre of activity. An admirably conducted and 
excellent establishment in this line in Washington 
is the well and favorably known " National Labor 
Bureau," located at No. 517 Seventh street, N. W., 
between E and F streets, and of which Mr. E. H. 
Dick is the capable and efficient manager, employ- 
ment being provided for male and female help, and 
all nationalities are supplied to families, hotels, and 
institutions, while business liouses are furnished 
with persons capable of filling positions of trust 
in mercantile life. This deservedly popular and 
flourishing concern was started in July, 1884, and 
being conducted on fixed and honorable business 
principles, and its management characterized by 
energy, ability, and sound judgment, the enterprise 
from the first has been a positive and permanent 
success, the patronage being of a most substantial 
and prosperous character. The premises occupied 
are commodious and neatly kept, completely 
equipped in every respect, including reception- 
room, private office, telephone connection, etc., 
while an average of one hundred and upward of 
all classes of help, male and female, for domestic 
service, shop-work, store hands, clerical help, etc., 
are always on hand, the office being open from eight 
A. M. to six p. M. daily. Mr. Dick, the enterpris- 
ing and popular proprietor, is a native of Wheel- 
ing, W. Va. 

Henry H. Honjfh, Dry Goods, Notions, 
Fancy Goods, No. 1744 Seventh Street, N. W.— 
This large and important commercial enterprise 
was inaugurated six years ago by ]\Ir. Hough, and 
has been successfully conducted by him ever since. 
The store occupied has a frontage of twenty feet 
and a depth of sixty feet. ' The store fixtures and 
general furnishings are of an attractive nature. 
The stock of goods is one of the finest in the city 
and is always kept \x\i to its high standard of ex- 
cellence. The assortments siiown include every- 
thing desirable in dress goods, trimmings, laces, fancy 
goods, notions, and ladies' and gentlemen's furnish- 
ing goods of every description. Polite salesladies 
are in attendance. All the freshest and most 
fashionable novelties in the lines above named are 
kept in stock and are sold at prices that cannot be 
duplicated in any similar establishment. Mr. 
Hough is a member of several standard organiza- 
tions and is highly regarded in the community. 

G. W^. Holl, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in 
Cigars and Tobacco, Canes and Umbrellas, No. 237 
Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. — Mr. G. W. Holl 
founded his business in 1877, and has ever since 
met with a generous share of public patronage. 
His salesroom is a commodious and well-arranged 
place, and is filled with a large and very superior 
assortment of the finest brands of imported and 
domestic cigars, plug and cut smoking and chewing 
tobaccos, cigarettes, pipes, cigar and cigarette hold- 
ers and cases, etc., in fact, every article used by 



smokers. A fine stock of canes and umbrellas is 
also kept on hand, from which a fine selection may 
be made. The establishment is patronized by a 
first-class set of people, and every visitor is shown 
the most courteous treatment. Mr. Holl is a native 
of New York city. He has lived in Washington 
since 187G. 

J. E(l. Mattern, Tobacconist, Cigars, To- 
bacco, Pipes, Snufi's, etc., No. 436 Seventh Street, 
N. W. — In common with all lines of legitiinate 
commercial enterprise, the cigar and tobacco l)usi- 
ness is creditably represented in Washington by 
several houses of acknowledged high standing and 
important proportions, both in the wholesale and 
retail branches. A prominent house engaged in 
this industry and well worthy of especial mention 
is that of Mr. J.Ed. Mattern, No. 43(i Seventh 
street, N. W. This enterprise was established by 
the present proprietor in 1882. The premises oc- 
cupied are spacious and commodious, handsomely 
furnished and fitted up and thoroughly equipped 
with every appliance required in the business. 
The stock is very full and complete, and comprises 
a carefully selected assortment of the choicest 
brands of pure Havana anddomestic cigars, honestly 
made from selected stock; also cigarettes, smoking 
and chewing tobacco, snuff, imported stems, pocket 
cigar and cigarette iiolders and cases, pouches, 
match-boxes, and self-lighters, tobacconists' spe- 
cialties, and all kinds of smokers' materials. Tiie 
goods of this establisiiment are held in the highest 
estimation by lovers of the weed on account of their 
purity and excellent flavor. It always has been 
the aim of the proprietor to furnish his customers 
with an honest article that would command tlieir 
attention, and then to scrupulously maintain the 
superiority of his brands. Mr. Mattern is a na- 
tive of the District, is a member of the W. L. I. 
Co., also of the Columbia Fishing Club, and is very 
popular in social and mercantile life. 

ThoS. A. Brown, House and Sign Painter, 
No. 1413 F Street, N. W.— The leader in liis pro- 
fession in the city of Washington is Mr. Thomas A. 
Brown, who has for years been prominently before 
the public as a master liouse and sign painter. Mr. 
Brown is a native of Geoigetown, D. C, born in 
1834, and when but fifteen years of age, entered 
upon the study of his present trade, in which he 
has long since been an acknowledged expert. In 
1862 he established business on his own account as 
a general house and sign painter, and has always 
been an authority upon all questions arising in re- 
gard to color, or in matters pertaining to house de- 
coration, in which he is considered an expert. 
From the outset to the present time he has enjoyed 
a constantly increasing line of patronage, until now 
his business demands the employment of from 
twenty-five to fifty hands. He has performed artis- 
tic work upon the most prominent buildings in the 
capital, among which may he mentioned the C'ity 
Hall, General Post-Office, Pension Buildins, Na- 
tional Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Willard's 
Hotel, the Patent Office, Ebbitt House, Adams 
House, and numerous private houses. The work 
has invariably proved satisfactory, and has evoked 
much praise from all who have had occasion to in- 
spect it. Personally Mr. Brown is very popular 
and is scrupulously upright in all his dealings- 



104 



CITY OF WASHIiYGTON. 



W. J. Lown, Greenleaf Coffee and Spice Mills, 
Miiryland Avenue, Seventh, and C Streets, S. W. — 
The history of this substantial house tells the story 
of the tjrowth of tiie coflee and spice trade of the 
city, it being a pioneer in the business and one of 
the largest and most important concerns now in that 
line. The enterprise was commenced in 1849 by 




Mr. T. Riley, who in 1^65 was succeeded by his 
son, Mr. T. \V. Riley. Tiiep-esent proprietor, Mr. 
W. J. Lown, who came into tiie otahlishment as a 
clerk seventeen years ago, assumed the sole control 
and ownership in 1875. He is thus thoroughly ex- 
perienced, active, and energetic, and well qualified 
in every way to represent a concern of such magni- 
tude. The premises occupied are located on Mary- 
land avenue. Seventh. andC streets, S. W., compris- 
ing a three-story building40x75 feet with basement. 
It is thoroughly fitted up throughout and provided 
with an abundant outfit of the latest and most im- 
proved machinery and appliances. No facility or 
convenience is omitted, and as the work is manipu- 
lated by skillfid hands the best results are obtained 
at a minimum cost. The coffee roasted at these 
mills is tmsuriiassed for flavor and general excel- 
lence, and throughout the States of Maryland and 
Virginia, as well as the District of Columbia, it is 
in heavy and growing demand. Coffee is roasted 
for the trade at the most reasonable prices, and 
absolute satisfaction is always guaranteed. An ex- 
tensive stock is constantly carried, embracing, be- 
sides coffiees, teas, sy)ices, and peanuts. The heaviest 
orders are filled without delay, and the transactions 
of the house being exclusively wholesale, customers 
receive all the advantages arising from imdivided 
attention. Four delivery wagons are used and 
fourteen workmen are given steady employment. 
Mr. Lf)wn is a nativo of New York city, a promi- 
nent, progressive, and responsible man, highly es- 
teemed by all who have ever formed business re- 
lations with him. 

J. F. Sauni & Co., Produce Commission 
Merchants, No. 92o Louisiana Avenue. — Among 
the numerous commission houses devoted to hand- 
ling country produce of everv description is that of 
Messrs. J. F. Saum & Co. Mr. J. F. Saum, who is 
a native of Virginia, started business in this line 
and also in the tobacco trade in 18()') at Mobile, 
where he remained until 1872, when he removed to 
Washington and entered into possession of the 



premises he now occupies. These premises consist 
of a three-story building 25xl00feetin dimensions. 
This house possesses a large and infiuential con- 
nection with shippers throughout the best i)roduc- 
ing centres of the West and South, and the rela- 
tions of the concern are such that (juick sales for 
consignments and prompt returns are secured. 
Large consignments are received daily of tlour, 
grain, hay, butter, eggs, poultry, j)orl<, giime, green 
and dried fruits, etc., and dealers can always secure 
here the freshest and choicest goods at the lowest 
market rates. Liberal advances are made on all 
consignments. Mr. Saum has won a standard repu- 
tation in the commercial world for his integrity. 
lie is a director in the Citizens' National Ikink, lo- 
cated on Fifteenth street, opposite the L'nited States 
Treasury, and gives that institution as reference. 

E. J. Blirtt, Tobacconist and Stationer, No. 
313 Seventh Street, vS. W. — This is a verv jiopular 
and much frequented business establisiiment. It 
was founded seventeen years ago by the present 
proprietor, Mr. E. J. Enrtt, who was born in New 
Hampshire and has resided in Washington for 
eighteen years. His store, which is very centrally 
located, has a frontage of 25 feet and a de})th of SO 
feet, and its fittings and furnishings are of a high 
order of excellence and very attractive, while the 
stock is at all times well selected, choice, and relia- 
ble. There is a fine display of plain and fancy 
stationery goods of every description, including 
writing papers, envelopes, ink, mucihige, pens, 
school supplies of all kinds, and other goods known 
to this line of trade. In smokers' supplies the 
house handles some of the finest brands of im- 
ported and domestic cigars to be found in the city, 
smoking and chewing tobaccos of the best qualities, 
pipes, etc. ^Ir. Rurtt, who is a ])rominent member 
of the Masonic body, is one of the best known and 
most popular merchants in this section of the city, 
and he has a well-established and permanent trade. 
He numbers among his patrons some of the leading 
citizens. 

Philip H. Kraft, Manufacturer of and Dealer 
in Fine Cigars and Tobacco, etc., No. 12( Seventh 
Street, corner of M, N. W. — Among the well-known 
houses engaged in this branch of enterprise is that 
of Mr. Philip II. Kraft, who has a neat, well-ap- 
pointed, and attractive store 25x40 feet in dimen- 
sions. The premises arc very elegantly and attrac- 
tively fitted up throughout, and it is filled to reple- 
tion with a large and varied stock, rei)resenting a 
fine line of cigars of Mr. Kraft's own manufacture, 
smoking and chewing tobaccos of the most })oj)ular 
brands, pijjes and smokers' articles of every descrij^- 
tion, snuff, etc. Among the popular brands of 
cigars manufactured by Mr. Kraft, specialties are 
made of "Juniors," "Camp Fires," "Pet Fires," 
etc., and in these an extensive trade of both a 
wholesale and retail character is done, the business 
relations of the house extending throughout the 
District of Columbia, Virginia, Maryland, etc. Mr. 
Kraft is a practical cigarraaker of fourteen years' 
experience, and since he started business on his 
own account at his ))resent address in 1883, he has 
secured a large and infiuential [latronage. He is a 
nativeof Washington and a member of the Inde- 
pendent Order of Mechanics and of the Benevolent 
Fraternity. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



105 



D. W. Magratli, Farm Wagons, Spring 
Wagons, Business Wagons, Buggies, etc., No. 20^ 
Tenth Street, N. W.— In tlie special tield of mer- 
cantile industry in which he has for dfteen years 
been engaged, Mr. D. W. Magrath has occupied a 
prominent position in Washington's business cir- 
cles. He occupies a large two-story building 
25x100 feet in dimensions, and his energy and tact 
have developed a large and thriving trade in farm 
wagons, spring and business wagons, buggies, etc. 
He carries at all times a full line of light and 
heavy carriages and wagons, and there is not in the 
District a house having the same facilities for sup- 
plying vehicles of standard excellence at and be- 
low actual cost of manufacture. The long years of 
experience wliich Mr. Magrath has had in this line 
of trade, and liis consequent ability to judge of the 
merits of vehicles, make him a desirable medium 
for obtaining the best carriages and wagons at low 
rates, and his establishment at No. 208 Tenth 
street, N. W., is the most popular resort in the city 
for those desiring anything in his line He is one 
of the firm of Magrath & Kennedy, proprietors of 
one of the most complete and well-conducted liv- 
eries in the District, located at No. 211 Eleventh 
street, N. W., and in a large circle of business ac- 
quaintances he is esteemed for his worth, energy, 
and probity. 

New YorkFive-Ceut Store, A. M. Hud- 
son, Proprietor. No. 1335 Seventh Street, N._ \V. 
— A commercial establishment occupying a unique 
and prominent position among the prominent busi- 
ness houses of the city of Washington is that popu- 
larly known as the "New York Five-Cent Store," 
and located at No. 1335 Seventh street, N. W. 
This enterprise dates its inception from 1881, when 
it was founded by Mr. A. M. Hudson, the present 
proprietor, a gentleman of keen business ability and 
well capable of conducting successfully an estab- 
lishmetitof mercantile importance. The premises 
are spacious and commodious, the salesroom having 
a surface area of 20x100 feet. The stock displayed 
on all hands is bewildering in its great variety, and 
to catalogue every article shown would indeed be a 
mammoth task. The assortments comprise glass- 
ware, crockeryware tinware, woodenware, bric-a- 
brac,' and every description of small goods which 
enter into the f irnishing of a house. It is surpris- 
ing to see what tine, useful goods can be purchased 
he're for the trifling sum of a nickel, and the estab- 
lishment should not fail to be visited by those who 
are aUout to furnish a home, and those who are al- 
ready settled will be sure to find something here 
they need. Three salesladies are employed, and 
customers areattended to promptly and courteously. 
Mr. Hudson, the popular proprietor of this inter- 
esting emporium, is a native of Washington, and is 
know"n throughout the community as an active, en- 
ergetic business man and a gentleman of probity 
and worth of character. 

W. H. Butler, Dealer in Window-Glass, 
Painters' and Artists' Supplies, Sperm, Lard Oil, etc. 
No. 609 C Street, N. W.— An important branch of 
commercial activity, and one deserving of sjiecial 
mention in a review of the leading business interests 
of Washington, is the sale and importation of 
window-glass, painters' and artists' supplies, etc. 
One of the finest and undoubtedly one of the most 
extensive establishments engaged in this trade in the 



city is that of Mr. W. H. Butler, whose office and 
salesrooms are centrally located at No. 609 C Street, 
N.W. This house was originally founded in 184o by 
Howell & Mosel, and after some changes in the 
firm Messrs. Martin & Butler succeeded to the busi- 
ness. In 1884 Mr. Martin dicvl and Mr. W. H. 
Butler became sole proprieter. The premises oc- 
cupied comprise a superior four-story building 
25x80 feet in dimensions, fully equipped with every 
appliance and facility for the accommodation of the 
large and valuable stock. The assortment includes 
all kinds of American, French, and English plate 
and window-glass, painters' and artists' supplies, 
sperm, lard, cylinder, mineral, and black oils, ben- 
zine, naphtha, and gasoline. He likewise keeps on 
hand Albany compound, cotton waste, lanterns, etc. 
Mr. Butler is sole agent in Washington for the 
Perry harness oil soap and Moss axle grease. One 
pound of this celebrated grease is warranted to last 
longer and give greater satisfaction than two pounds 
of any other kind. The paints, oils, glass, etc., of 
this responsible house are unrivaled for quality, 
reliability, and general excellence, and have no su- 
periors in this or any other market, while the prices 
quoted for them necessarily attract the attention of 
careful buyers. The trade of the house extends 
throughout the District of Columbia, Maryland, and 
Virginia, and is rapidly increasing. Mr. Butler is 
a native of Washington and is held in the highest 
estimation in mercantile circles for his enterprise, 
industry, and integrity. Those interested requiring 
paints, oils, etc., sliould make a factor of this house, 
where they will obtain advantages difficult to be 
secured elsewhere. 

Juo. C. Walker, Boston Market, No. 1719 
Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. — .^ reliable and 
first-class market store in every particular can be 
found at No. 1719 Pennsylvania avenue, N. W, 
which goes by the name of Boston Market. This 
establishment bears the distinction of being the 
oldest meat store in Washington, having been 
founded in 1859 by Chas. Mallard. The jji-oprietor- 
ship subsequently and successively passed into the 
hands of John Iloff in 1875, Edward Beach in 
1878, LeonSchell in 1879, and Mr. Jno. C. Walker, 
the present proprietor, in li85. Mr. AValker hada 
jtrevious experience of ten years at the business, 
and understood it thoroughly when he assumed 
charge of his i>resent enterprise, and has achieved 
an excellent run of custom and deserves prosperity. 
The business premises occupied consist of a store- 
room and basement each 25x100 feet in dimensions 
handsomely finished up with every convenience to 
do a large business, and always kej)! in scrupulously 
clean condition. He has employed five clerks, four 
porters, also three delivery teams. All orders are 
filled with satisfactory promptness and disi)atch. 
Special attention paid to orders coming through 
telephone or mail. Mr. Walker is a native of the 
District of Columbia, and is a man of commendable 
character. His business is largely confined to sup- 
plying families, hotels, and restaurants. _ The fine 
quality of his goods has established him in general 
confidence. At the above mentioned place can be 
found always on hand a fine line of home-slaugh- 
tered beef, Canadian Southdown mutton, fish, game, 
ovsters in season, Philadelphia capon chickens, rare 
vegetables and fruits, foreign and domestic canned 
goods, in fact, everything which comprises a first- 
class market store. 



108 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



Charles W. Handy, Ee;il Estate Broker and 
Notary Public, No. 921 F .Street, N. VV.— The 
imrchase and sale of realty, together with the vari- 
ous features attaching to real estate transactions, 
constitute a branch of business activity which 
engages the attention of some of the ablest and 
most enterprising men in every progressive com- 
munity. Among the leading and most reliable 
handlers of realty in this'city can be named Charles 
W. Handy, who enjoys an excellent reputation, 
both for sagacity and integrity, being accounted one 
of the best judges of the present and prospective 
values of either improved ov unimproved property 
in the District. Mr. Handy is a capable and ex- 
perienced notary public, as well as a general real 
estate broker, and all transactions effected through 
him can be relied upon as absolutely safe. He 
buys, sells, exchanges, and lets, attends to the col- 
lecting of rents and the management of estates, and 
negotiates loans on bond and mortgage, making a 
specialty of this feature, and also carries a tine line 
of insurance, i)lacing property or life with the best 
companies. Mr. Handy, who is a native of Wash- 
ington, established liimself in business in 1875, and 
from the start steadily pushed his way to public 
favor and confidence, building up a large and influ- 
ential connection, and numbers now among his 
clientele many of tlie solid citizens of Washington, 
his patronage extending throughout the District 
of Columbia, Virginia, and Maryland. 

Wm. L. Mllllikeii, Pictures, Frames, 

Mirrors, etc.. No. 527 Seventh Street, N. W. — 
The advance made in art work in jnclures, picture- 
frames, and kindred articles of interior decoration 
within recent years in this country is one of the 
features of the times. Engaged in this interesting 
line in Washington is Mr. Wm. L. Mulliken, manu- 
facturer of and dealer in pictures, frames, mirrors, 
and art goods, the iiouse being known as the Capital 
City Art Store, of which L. R. Trembly is the 
manager, and which since its inception twenty odd 
years ago has ever maintained a strong hold on 
popular favor. The business was started in 1866 
by I. K. Trembly, who conducted it up to lfS78, 
when lie was succeeded by his son, the present 
manager. This establishment has continued with 
unbroken success, the business having been moved 
to the commodious quarters now occupied about 
four years ago. The store is 25x80 feet in dimen- 
sions and well equipped in every respect, and a 
heavy and fine stock is constantly carried, including 
elegant and attractive pictures, artistic picture- 
frames, beautiful mirrors, material for frames, and 
a splendid collection of art goods and useful and 
ornamental household articles, fine gold frames 
being a specialty. Moldings of every de-cription 
are also made to order, and old frames regilded in 
the most superior style, four ex|)ert hands being 
employed, while designs and estimatesare promptly 
furnished upon application, and, altogether, a large 
and substantial l)usiness is done, the trade extend- 
ing all over the District and environs. Mr. 
Mulliken, who is now the proprietor, has for some 
years resided in the District. Upon assuming con- 
trol of the business, the beginning of the present 
year, he enlarged each department and added new 
and attractive art features. He has a large and 
competent force of workmen carefully selected from 
the best, and with these increased facilities in every 
branch it is a business worthy of the capital. 



Francis Willncr, Wall Paper and Window 
Shades, No. 18:i9 Pennsylvania Avenue, between 
Eighteentli and Nineteenth Streets.— This is one of 
the oldest established enterprises of the kind, hav- 
ing been founded by the present proprietor over a 
quarter of a century ago. During this time it has 
won a tine name for the excellent character of the 
goods sold and for the superior work which has 
been executed. The store occupied is about 20x40 
feet in dimensions and is finely furnished and 
arranged. The stock is large and first-class in 
character, embracing all materials necessary for 
ornamentation, comprising paperhangings in all 
the newest styles and designs in rich, bright shades 
of imported and best American goods and a full 
assortment of window shades, hoUands, opaque 
shadings, fringes, etc., and a full stock of painters' 
materials. Estimates are made for finisliing the 
interiors of public buildings or dwellings, all con- 
tracts being based on fair prices. Mr. Willner 
employs a skilled statf'of workmen and all contracts 
are executed in the most satisfactory style. Mr. 
Willner has resided in Washington for thirty-five 
years. He is a native of Germany. 

J. W. Wade, Merchant Tailor, No. 707 Seventh 
Street, N. W. — A popular and prominent merchant 
tailoring establishment is that of Mr. J. W. Wade, 
which, founded in ] 850, has had an unbroken career 
of prosperity. The tiroprietor is one of the oldest 
representatives of the tailoring industry in this 
city, and has a thorough practical knowledge of 
every detail of the business. The premises occupied 
measure 25x110 feet, are conveniently arranged 
for the reception of visitors, and provided with all 
necessary facilities. ^Ir. Wade carries a com- 
plete and comprehensive stock of the choicest home 
and foreign cloths and cassimeres, receiving fre- 
quent consignments from tlie most noted Euro- 
pean manufacturers. The assortment contains all 
the most recent novelties, and presents such a wide 
range of selection that allxhe requirements of taste 
and fashion are easily met. In the manufacturing 
department steady employment is given to ten ex- 
pert tailors and cutters, whose labors are person- 
ally supervised by Mr. Wade. The garments 
turned out are correct in style, jierfect in fit, and 
finished in workmanship, and give the utmost satis- 
faction to customers, among whom are numbered 
many of our must prominent public men. The 
prices are just and moderate. ^Ir. Wade was born 
in Maryland, and came to Washington in 1838. 

R. F. Harvoy, I'nderiaker, No. 922 Pennsyl- 
vania Avenue, N. W. — This well-known gentle- 
man established bis business here in 18()8, and has 
since been carrying on a good business in his line. 
It is not necessary to remark that Mr. Harvey is 
endowed with all the traits of character needed for 
the successful prosecution of the business, and has 
always given entire satisfaction to relatives and 
bereaved friends. In his large oflice wareroorn 
may be seen a fine assortment of plain and orna- 
mental caskets and coffins, which are furnished at 
the most reasonable prices. Carriages and hearses 
are furnished and entire funerals taken charge of. 
Mr. Harvey is a thoroughly trained and experi- 
enced embalmer, and performs all services in this 
line in the most approved manner. He is a native 
of Georgetown, I). C, and has lived most of his 
life in Washington. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



107 



Swormsteclt & Bradley, Eeal Estate and 
Insurance, IS'o. 927 F Street, I^. W. — The varied 
and vast interests involved in real estate and insur- 
ance transactions in every important centre of ac- 
tivity in this country liave, in the nature of tilings, 
attracted to tliis brancli of business some of the 
most enterprising and far-seeing men in every com- 
munity, and, as it is scarcely necessary to state, 
Washington is no exception in this regard. One 
of the foremost and best-known lirms engaged in 
this line here is that of Swormstedt & Bradley, real 
estate and insurance agents, whose spacious and 
handsome offices are situated at No. 927 F street, 
N. \\ ., and who enjoy a deservedly high reputation 
for ability and souud judgment, as well as integrity 
and reliability, being, in a word, among tiie leading 
and most reliable firms of the kind in the District 
of Columbia, and number in their extensive clientele 
many of the solid and wealthy citizens of this city 
and suburbs. This flourishing business was estab- 
lished in lS7fi, and from its inception has been 
conducted with the most gratifying success, the 
connections of the firm growing and extending 
steadily from the first, until they are of a most 
substantial and desirable character. They transact 
a general line of business, buying, selling, exchang- 
ing, and letting houses, farms, building lots, and 
other features of realty, attending also to the col- 
lections of rents and the management of estates, 
while loans are negotiated on bond and mortgage. 
They represent some of the most stable and reliable 
insurance ccjnipanies in the world, including tiie 
well and favorably known ^V'estchester Fire Insur- 
ance Company, of New York (with its half a cen- 
tury of steady progress and a million and a quarter 
as assets as a record); the Fire Insurance Associa- 
tion (limited), London, Eng., and The Accident 
Insurance Comnany, of North America, and alto- 
gether, a very fine business is done. Tlie copartner- 
ship consists of Messrs. J. S. Swormstedt and R. E. 
Bradley, natives respectively of Maryland and the 
District of Columbia, Mr. Swormstedt being a resi- 
dent of the city upward of twenty-five years. 
They are both gentlemen of strict probity and ex- 
cellent business ability, and are po pular and esteemed 
members of the Keal Estate Board. 

Georg^e T. Smallwoocl, Draughtsman, No. 
633 F Street, N. W. — One of Washington's most 
prominent and accomplished draughtsmen is Mr. 
George T. Smallwood. The business which he 
now so successfully conducts was commenced in 
1872, he assuming the sole control in 1886. The 
jiatronage commanded by Mr. Smallwood has from 
the start been liberal and substantial. As a 
draughtsman, Mr. Sraallwood's experience covers 
many years, and involves a practical knowledge of 
every detail of the profession, eminently fitting 
him for rendering thorough and satisfactory ser- 
vice in every case. The range of his usefulness 
embraces drawings of all kinds in ink or crayon 
from model, sketch, or description, crayon portraits 
from life or photograph of any size, designs of 
every description, and illustrations and patent 
drawings, these two being specialties in which the 
proprietor is unsurpassed. Estimates of cost are 
cheerfully furnished, which are invariably just and 
moderate, and the rule of Mr. Smallwood is to as- 
certain the customer's idea and carry it out in the 
most artistic and appropriate manner. Every fa- 
cility is possessed and orders are executed in the 



promptest and most acceptable manner. We can 
recommend Mr. Smallwood highly to tiie favorable 
consideration of our readers as a gentleman of 
ability. 

W. X. Stevens, Solicitor of Patents and 
Mechanical Expert, No. 705 U Street, N. W. — It 
not infrequently happens that an inventor's or pat- 
entee's rights in a really meritorious invention he- 
come defective and void tiirough the incompetency ■ 
or carelessness of a patent agent. Hence tlie im- ; 
portance to those intending to apply for patents or i 
seeking advice in ngard to the same to secure the 
services of a capable and experienced solicitor in 
the premises ; and in this connection attention is 
directed to W. X. Stevens, solicitor of patents and 
mechanical expert, who is among the leading and 
most reliable practitioners in this line in Washing- 
ton, while he has personally procured over two 
thousand patents, covering the whole range of in- 
ventions. He is, moreover, employed by the De- 
partment of Justice of the Government to ascertain 
as to the questions of validity and infringement of 
patents in all claims against the Inited States for 
the use of patents. Mr. Stevens, who is a native of 
Worcester county, Mass., and was an engineering 
student of the Lawrence Scientific School of Har- 
vard, is a man of wide and varied knowledge in his 
line, having had a close practical experience in the 
exercise of his profession, extending over twenty- 
one years. He started originally in his native 
place in 1865, moving to Louisville, Ky., ten years 
subsequently, where he remained up to 1882, when 
he came to this city, and has here since continued 
with eminent success. A practical and expert me- 
chanical engineer, thoroughly conversant wiih the 
philosophy and the construction of machinery, and 
completely equipped with all the technicalities and 
knowledge of our patent laws and the practice 
rules of the Patent Office. Mr. Stevens is admir- 
ably calculated to successfully prosecute patents for 
mechanical appliances and devices of ail kinds in 
every instance. He is very successful in procuring 
patents in the principal foreign countries, in which 
his agents give personal attention to his bubiness. 

Arling-toii Academy, Corcoran Building, 
corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Fifteenth 
Street, opposite the United States Treasury. — The 
Arlington Academy is a select school for boys and 
young men, and was established here in 1879, and 
is under the capable management and instruction 
of Burton Macafee, A.M., M. D. It gives careful 
and thorough instruction in the common English 
branches, bookkeeping, short-hand, higher arith- 
metic, algebra, geometry, Latin, and Greek, and 
has gained a firm foothold in the esteem and con- 
fidence of the entire community. The principal 
is aided by an efficient corps of teachers, price, of 
tuition are reasonable, and both day and evening 
sessions are held for the accommodation of those 
wiio wish to avail themselves of the advantages 
thus afforded. The number of scholars is limited, 
and only those of good moral character are re- 
ceived. Mr. Macafee, the principal, is a resident 
of Rochester, N. Y., and a graduate of the univer- 
sity of that city, as well as a graduate of schools of 
law and medicine. He cordially invites the public 
to visit him, especially those who appreciate earn- 
est, thorough work, and judge for themselves of the 
methods and applications employed. 



108 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



T. H. Walker & Co.,Grorers nnd Commis- 
sion Merchants, Nos. 946, 948, and 9-30 Louisiana 
Avenue. — The importance of the business in which 
it is engaged and the volume of trade whicli it com- 
mands make tlie house of Messrs. T. H. Walker & 
Co., at above Nos., one of ^he most prominent in its 
Line in Washington. Tiie firm is well and favora- 
bly known as wholesale and retail grocers and com- 
mission merchants for the sale of butter, cheese, 
eg^-s, vegetables, smoked meats, and general farm 
, products, making a leading specialty of fine butter. 
The business was established in 1885 by Messrs. T. 
II. Walker & Son, who were succeeded by the pres- 
ent lirni in October, 18SG. The premises occupied 
for trade purposes comprise a two-story building 
70x70 feet in dimension-^, giving ample accommo- 
dation for the manipulaiion and display of the im- 
mense stock of goods whicli is constantly carried. 
No establishment in the city enjoys more perfect 
facilities for securing and handling the products in 
which they deal, or covers a wider territory in its 
transactions. The resources of the firm enable 
them to carry at all times a choice and varied as- 
sortment of provisions and produce. While their 
arrangements for prompt sales and shipments are 
of the be^t, the greatest care is e.xercised by 
the firm in making quick and satisfactory returns. 
Consignments of Marylaud, Virginia, and Western 
products are solicited, carefully liandled, and 
promptly acknowledged. The proprietors, Messrs. 
T. II. and W. H. Walker, are both natives of this city, 
and gentlemen of high standing in business circles. 

«J. R. Hertford, Real Estate, Loans, and 
Insurance, Ko. 1423.} F Street.— The real estate 
interests of the city of Washington are naturally 
of greater magnitude than any other description of 
financial investments and are increasing rapidly 
with the growtlx of the capital. Nearly all of this 
immense business is transacted by tlie real estate 
brokers and agents, and considerable part of it for 
e.xtensive owners who reside in the various moneyed 
centers of the country. Much depends, however, 
upon the choice of eligibly situated and strictly 
first-class property, and there is no safeguard better 
than securing the benefit of thesound judgment and 
practical experience of a reliable and popular 
real estate agent. I*rominent among those engaged 
in this line of business is Mr. J. K. Hertford, whose 
offices are at No. 14"23.} F street, who established 
this house in 1884, and although of recent origin 
has enjoyed a liberal and ]iermanent patronnge from 
many of our most influential operators. His offices 
are conveniently and centrally located and very 
appropriately fitted up with everything necessary 
for the comfort of patrons and the proper conduct 
of tlie business. Previous to embarking into busi- 
ness f)r himself ]\Ir. Hertford was f.)r over twenty 
ye ir-! employed on committee work in the treas\iry of 
the U:iited States, and represented the treasurer in 
witnessing the destruction of United States 
bonds and other obligations of the Government, and 
also held c mfidential position in the cash room of 
the Treasury Department. Tie is a recognized 
authority as to the present and prospective values 
of Washington's realty, and no one is better quali- 
fied than ha to act as broker between buyer and 
seller. lie has carried ti a successful issue many 
heavy real estate tran^sactions, a-id as a negotiator 
of loans on bond and mortgage he enjoys a very 
high reputation. He is very popular in insurance 



circles and effects risks on all insurable property in 
the most substantial foreign or domestic companies 
at the lowest rates. In addition, Mr. Hertloi'd is 
national bank agent, president of Hartford Loan 
and Savings Association, of the District of Colum- 
bia, al>o agent for the well-known and reliable 
^lanhattan Life Insurance Company, of New York. 
^Ir. Hertford was born in England, lias resided in 
this country since 18 Jl and in this city since 1861, 
and is very highly respected for his excellent busi- 
ness qualities and inflexible integrity. 

Arnold S. Yaiitis, Attorney -at Law and 
Solicitor of Patents, No. 81G F Street, N. W.— It is 
often a just cause of complaint among inventors 
that they do not receive the attention from the offi- 
cials of the Patent Office to whicli they are en- 
titled. The only remedy is to eiui)loy a reliable 
and experienced practitioner in patent causes in 
Washington. Mr. Arnold S. Yantis, whose office 
is located at No. 816 F street, N. ^V^, is will known 
as an attorney-at-law and solicitor of patents, and 
has been established in the business here since 
June, 1885. On the 1st of October, 1886, he suc- 
ceeded to the firm of Ellsworth & Yantis. Mr. 
Yantis is a native of West Virginia and a graduate 
of the National Law College. He has a thorough 
knowledge of all laws pertaining to patents and the 
rules of practice that govern the administration of 
the Patent Office, and in regard lo the rights of the 
inventor. He has established a fine, growing prac- 
tice before the Patent Office, and is recognized 
there as a thoroughly reliable and trustworthy 
solicitor, who can be depended upon by the inventor 
in any emergency needing legal talent and complete 
mastery of mechanical arts. Every case placed in 
his hands is carefully and skillfully treated, and 
terms are made easy for the inventor in all cases. 
His specifications, drawings, and other papers are 
noted for their accuracy, conciseness, and thorough 
knowledge of the subject, and every detail of the 
jirosecution of the application is thoroughly at- 
tended to. His patronage is steadily increasing 
throughout the country, and is of a character to in- 
sure him a continued practice and permanent pros- 
perity. 

W. Li. Hipkiiis, China, Glass, Lamps, House- 
furnishings, etc.. No. 437 Seventh Street, S. W. — 
Since this house was established in 1875 the push 
and energy of the proprietor have steadily increased 
the trade, until the china, glass, and honsefurnislj- 
ing establishment of Mr. W. L. Hipkins is one of 
the representative mercantile concerns of AVa.sh^ 
ington. The store of Mr. Hipkins is 25x80 feet in 
dimensions. Itii attractively arranged, and the 
stock is at all times complete and comprehensive, 
including everything desirable in plain and deco- 
rated china and glassware, lamps, and housefurnish- 
ing goods generally, and in the quality, styles, and 
general excellence of his merchandise he is the 
peer of all. A full line of toys, wooden and tin 
ware, and pottery, for use and ornament, completes 
the extensive stock of Mr. IIii)kins, and in his aim 
to supplv desirable goods at lowest figures and to 
give satisfaction t<i customers in every particular he 
has been eminently successful. Croods are delivei-ed 
lo all parts of the city freeof charge, and orders are 
always filled with dispatch. Mr. Hipkins was 
born in Alexandria, Va., and removed to the Dis- 
trict of Columbia about thirty years ago. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS 



109 



Seinines & Co., Wliolesale and Retail Gro- 
cers and Dealers in Foreign Fruits, oorner of Ninth 
Street and Louisiana Avenue (opposite Centre 
Market). — For nearly half a century no house in 
the grocery trade iu this city was better known to 
all classes of the public than that of John H. 
Serames & ('o., located on the corner of Ninth 
street and Louisiana avenue, opposite Centre 
Market. The business was founded in 1848 under 
the title named, the copartners and founders being 
Mr. John H. Semmes and Mr. W. H. Brawner. 
These two gentlemen toiled and struggled together 
in the business for the long period of forty-eight 
years, and then, on July 1st, 188G, Mr. Semmes re- 
tired, leaving Mr. Brawner the sole proprietor of 
the business, wliich he has .since conducted under 
th(n style of Semmes & Co. This old house lias 
always borne a high reputation for fair and equitable 
dealing and tlie handling of tiie best and choicest 
goods to be found in the market. The store is a 
spacious and commodious one, having an area of 
40x100 feet, and it is very finely fitted up and 
furnished. The assortment of staple and fancy 
groceries embraces an infinite variety of superior 
goods, including teas, coffees, flour, sugars, meats, 
canned goods, fresh and dried fruits, preserves, and 
the whole range of delicacies that burden the 
shelves of a first-class establisliment. Everything 
is represented that i-< usually compreliended in the 
articles usually handled by thegroeer. A sjiecialty 
is made of foreign fruits, the trade in which is of a 
wholesale character, and also of foreign and domes- 
tic liquors, iu the selection of which special atten- 
tion has been given to purity and quality. Tlius 
the best oflTerings of tlie market are secured here at 
exceptionally low prices. Mr. Brawner is a native 
of this city, and his constant care has been to de- 
serve tlie liberal support accorded to him. A force 
of skilled assistants is at all times in waiting to at- 
tend the wants of customers. Orders receive 
f)rompt attention and goods are delivered without 
unnecessary delay. 

Keyes & Co., Boarding and Livery Stables, 
eor-ner Fourteenth and D Streets, N. W. — One of 
the oldest and most prominent livery stables in tlie 
city is that of Messrs. Keyes & Co., located at the 
corner of Fourteenth and D streets, N. W. This 
prosperous and popular enterprise was started in 
1865 by the present members of the firm, Messrs. 
A. B. Keyes and J. L. Smith. The stables occupy 
a two-slory brick building 85x120 feet in dimen- 
sions. It is fitted up in the most modern and ap- 
proved manner, the comfort of the stock is care- 
fully hjoked after, the drainage is perfect, and the 
entire premises are kept scrupulously clean, making 
the establishment one of the most complete and 
best arranged to be found anywhere. A large num- 
ber of stylish and reliable horses, for both riding 
and driving, are kept in stall, and an elegant line 
of carriages, coupes, landaus, Victorias, and other 
vehicles is always at the disposal of the public for 
cither business or pleasure. .\ specialty is made of 
weddings and receptions, all engagements being 
promptly kept, and calls given immediate attention. 
Customers are always assured of first-class service 
at the most reasonable rates. There are ample 
boarding accommodations for one hundred horses, 
and their well-being is looked after by .skilled and 
ccperienced grooms. Here, at all times, you can 
purchase first-class horses, as this stable is the 



headquarters where country i)eople dispose of their 
stock, having facilities for stabling seventy-tive to 
one hundred head of horses. The stables are pro- 
vided with telephone connection, and a jirivate 
wire runs to the Arlington Hotel, the firm control- 
ling all the livery business of that hostelry. Or- 
ders left at the stables or at the Arlington receive 
prompt attention at any hour of the day or night. 
Messrs. Keyes & Co. accord their patrons the 
most courteous treatment, and their place is an es- 
tablished favorite with both residents and visitors. 

E. M. Marble ( Late Commissioner of Pat- 
ents), Attorney in Patent Cases, Pacific Building. 
— Not infrequently have cases occurred in recent 
years in this country where inventors and patentees 
controlling a really valuable appliance or device 
have found themselves unable to protect their 
rights in the same, owing to some irregularity or 
lack of legal knowledge on the part of mere patent 
agents, whose ability is chiefly confined to the pro- 
duction of designs and specifications. Tims it is 
evident that the invariably safe course for those in- 
tending to afiply for patents is to secure the services 
of a capable and experienced lawyer making a spe- 
cialty of this branch of practice, and among such in 
Washington can be named E. M. Marble (late com- 
missioner of patents), attorney-at-law and coun- 
selor in patent cases, whose oflice is situated in tlie 
Pacific Building, and who maintains a position in 
the front rank in his line, being in all respects one 
of the leading, most reliable, and honorable patent 
practitioners in this city, enjoying a deservedly large 
and influential clientele. Mr. Marble is a native of 
New York, resided for some years in Michigan, and 
came to this city in 1870. He has filled the oflice 
of assistant attorney -general of the Interior Depart- 
ment, and was commissioner of patents for seven 
years prior to establishing himself in this flourishing 
business in 1883. Being thus thoroughly conversant 
with every feature and detail pertaining to patents 
and patent cases, and, withal, a well-equipped and 
skillful lawyer, as well as a gentleman of sterling in- 
tegrity, it is only in the very nature of things that 
he should have achieved a positive and permanent 
success. American and foreign patents are handled, 
and all matters incidental thereto receive personal 
attention, reissues, interferences, assignments, ap- 
peals, etc., and altogether the patronage is of a 
most substantial and gratifying character. 

Thyson Hotise, No. 1501 Seventh Street, 
W. P. Cole, Proprietor.— This is a well patronized 
establishment, being a favorite stopping place, es- 
pecially for the residents of the outlying districts 
when on a visit to town. The building is three 
stories in height, has dimensions of 60x100 feet, is 
very spacious and commodious, its fifty sleeping- 
apartments being well liglited and ventilated, and 
furnished with good, clean bedding, and every de- 
partment of the house is first-class in appointment. 
A special feature is the excellent bar, v.hich is 
stocked with an assortment of the choicest ales, 
wines, liquors, and cigars. An extensive stable, 
having accommodations for receiving one hundred 
and fifty horses, is run in connection with the hos- 
telry. The rates for board are remarkably reason- 
able, and the hotel is convenient to all the .street 
cars. Mr. Cole is a gentleman who looks well after 
the comfort of his guests and sees that their every 
v/ant is attended to. 



110 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



Henry J. Ciliiis, Solicitor of Patents and 

Couiiselorin I'atent Causes, Patents, Designs, Trade- 
Marks, and Labels Secured, No. 711 Ci Street, op- 
posite Patent Otlice. — Those who are ignorant of 
our patent laws and tlieir requirements cannot pos- 
sibly imagine the dilliculties and delays inherent to 
securing a patent, and whicli would be almost in- 
surmountable \yithout tlie aid of an experienced 
solicitor. One of the most prominent and repre- 
sentative patent solicitors in the city is Mr. Jlenry 
J. Knnis, whose offices are located at No. 711 G 
Street, opposite the Patent Office. This business 
was originally established by the present proprietor 
in 1875 at the same location, and from the date of 
its commencement has enjoyed a very liberal and 
substantial patronage and has achieved an en- 
viable reputation by reason of the great success he 
lias had in his profession, wiiich was attained by his 
ready grasp of the nnderlying principles of any in- 
vention or improvement and his energy in pressing 
forward his clients' cases to a favorable decision. 
Mr. Ennis is always prepared to give an opinion as 
to the patentability of any inventicm and oilers his 
skilled professional aid in all matters pertaining to 
protection for inventions, such as caveating, search- 
ing in novelty, securing patents in this country, con- 
testing interferences, inviting public attention, pre- 
paring assignments and licenses, re-issuing defective 
patents, advising on scope, validity, and infringe- 
ments; protecting iesthetic devices, such as designs; 
commercial devices, such as trade-marks and labels, 
arbitrating, etc., also conducting oppositions in for- 
eign countries and counseling at all stages on ex- 
clusive rights. He makes a specialty of electrical 
and kindred patents, as he is particularly eminent as 
a practical electrician. Mr. Ennis is a native of 
this city, a graduate of the National College, a well- 
read and thorough practitioner in law, and is lield 
in the greatest esteem in professional circles for his 
executive ability and sterling integrity. 

Edward W. Koch, Bookseller, Stationer, 
and Engraver, No. 1221 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. 
W. — This is a largely ))atronizcd and popular busi- 
ness house, and it is the resort of lovers of choice 
literature and high-class stationery goods. The 
business was started in 1878 under the firm style of 
Paret & Whittington, and in 1881, on the retire- 
ment of Mr. Paret, Mr. Whittington became the 
sole proprietor, who was succeeded in January, 
1887, by !Mr. Koch. He occupies a finely equipped 
store 25x80 feet in dimensions, and it is filled with 
a very extensive and well-selected stock of books 
and stationery goods of all kinds. ( )n the shelves 
and counters the newest books are to be found as 
soon as published, as well as a full and complete 
assortment of standard works upon every conceiva- 
ble subject. These are offered to customers at the 
lowest |)ossible prices. Everything in the line of 
mercantile and fancy stationery goods may be 
secured here at terms that cannot be easily dupli- 
cated elsewhere. A specialty is made of fine en- 
graving, which is executed in the highest style of 
the art. Four assistants are employed, and ))rompt 
and courteous service is accorded to all customers. 
Mr. Koch is a native of this city, and a young man 
of active business enteri^risa and ability. All his 
dealings have been characterized by liberality and 
promptness, and the success which has attended liis 
efforts is but the just reward of a wise commercial 
policy. 



Howard House, , Jno. B. Scott, Proprietor, 
corner of Sixth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. 
— A popular and thoroughly successful hotel is the 
Howard House, located at the corner of Sixth 
street and Pennsylvania avenue, which is under 
tiie competent management of Mr. John B. Scott, 
an experienced landlord and a favorite with the 
traveling )>ublic. It is centrally and conveniently 
located, opposite the Pennsylvania railroad and 
the Baltimore and Potomac railroad depots, and 
easy of access to all parts of the city, and conveni- 
ent alike to the permanent patron, the commercial 
tourist, and the transient guest. The hotel is finely 
and substantially built, attractive in appearance 
both inwardly and outwardly. It is four stories in 
height, 40x125 feet in dimensions, and can accom- 
modate about ninety guests. The halls and corri- 
dors are wide, spacious, and convenient, while the 
rooms are all commodious, handsomely furnished, 
and elegant in their appointments, fixtures, and 
upholstery. The ladies' and gentlemen's parlors 
and reception-rooms are elegantly and ricliiy fur- 
nished, while the office is fitted up in the most con- 
venient and attractive style, and presided over by 
courteous clerks and attendants. The dining-room 
has a seating capacity for one hundred guests. The 
cuisine is first-class, no pains or expense being 
si)ared in making it a leading feature of comfort 
and excellence. AVith all iis advantages, comforts, 
and excellencies, the rates of the Howard are emi- 
nently reasonable. This house was first opened to 
the public in 1850, and has been under the proprie- 
torship of Mr. Scott since 1884, who has succeeded 
in making it a popular hostelry. This gentleman 
has resided in Washington for the past thirty years, 
and is well known for his enterprise, genial nature, 
and business reliability. 

C. Cliristiaiii, Apothecary and Chemist, No. 
484 Pennsylvania Avenue. — Holding a conspicuous 
position among the retail drug concerns of the city 
is the house of Mr. C. Christiani. It was founded 
in 1844 by Mr. L. M. Miller, and ten years later, in 
1854, the present proprietor assumed sole control 
and ownership. He is thoroughly familiar with 
every detail of the important interest which lie 
represents, and has no superior as a skillful and ac- 
complishetl pharmacist. The establishment occu- 
pies temporary quarters at No. 486 Pennsylvania 
avenue, but a splendid three-story building, 24x108 
feet in dimensions, is being erected by Mr. Chris- 
tiani, at No. 484, on the same thoroughfare, and 
when completed it is his intention to open a whole- 
sale department and conduct his business on a 
much more extensive scale. The stock now carried 
embraces pure drugs, chemicals, family and proprie- 
tary remedies, elegant pharmaceuticals, wines and 
liquors for medicinal purposes, toilet and fancy 
goods, druggists' sundries in great variety, and, in 
short, everything known to the trade or handled by 
any first-class house of this character. None but 
the finest and most reliable goods are offered to cus- 
tomers. Physicians' prescriptions are compounded 
with accuracy and precision at any hoin-, day or 
night, and the charges are invariably just and mod- 
erate We cheerfully recommend the liouse to the 
favorable notice of our readers as one of the most 
responsible in the citv with which 1o form business 
relations. 'Mr. Cliristiani is one of our old and 
honored citizens, and is straightforward and reliable 
in all I'is dealings. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



Ill 



S. J. Gass & Co., lieal Estate, Rents, Loans, 
Insurance, No. 51G Ninth Street, N. W. — A busi- 
ness requiring tlie best judgment and keencbt fore- 
siglit is tiiat of real estate, and these (jualities are 
only obtainable by experience and a natural higli 
order of intelligence. A linn that is possessed of 
the ability to meet \viti» all demands made upon 
their services is tiiat of Messrs. S. J. Gass «fe C!o., of 
No. 516 Ninth street, N. VV. These gentlemen 
established their business in May, 1886, iiaving 
had, previously, a tliorough training and experi- 
ence in all that pertains to their profession. They 
are recognized autliority as to t!ie values of realty 
ill all sections of the city and its environs, and 
those investors who are guided by their judgment 
and advice can rely on securing properties that 
will return a handsome income, with prospective 
increase in values. They devote their special at- 
tention to tlie sale and lease of houses and business 
property, collect rents, and possess excellent facili- 
ties for the prompt negotiation of loans on bond 
and mortgage. They also assume tiie management 
of estates and are accounted among the best judges 
of the present and prospective values of property 
of every description, improved and iniimproved, in 
tiie city. Insurance is also eflected in first-class 
companies on the most favorable terms. They 
represent the Royal Insurance Company, of Liver- 
pool, Eng., and Clinton, of New York. Messrs. S. 
J. Gass and William Mayse, the members of the 
ilrm, are M'idely known as leading business men of 
the capital. Mr. Gass for eight years lilled the 
responsible position of United States deputy mar- 
shal in the District of Columbia, performing all 
the duties of his office in a manner highly credita- 
ble to himself. Mr. Mayse is the senior })artner of 
the well-known firm of William Mayse & Co., of 
this city, who conduct a private banking business 
upon the same system as the house of Messrs. 
Brown Bros. Both gentlemen are lield in high 
regard in both social and mercantile circles and are 
representative citizens and merchants. ■ 

Parker H. Sweet, Jr., Solicitor and Ex- 
pert in Patent Matters, No. 024 F Street, opposite 
U. S. Patent Office. — One of the most popular and 
successful attorneys in practice before the Patent 
Office in Washington is Mr. Parker H. Sweet, 
Jr., whose office is located at No. 624 F street, 
r.early opposite the Patent Office. Mr. Sweet 
has been established in practice here since 1872, 
and has maintained a high I'eputation in his 
profession and built up a large and first-class 
j)atronage, which extends throughout the entire 
United States. He is a native of Virginia, a son 
of the Rev. Parker H. Sweet, the veteran Grand 
Seoi-etary of the I. O. O. F., who was born in 
Rhode Island, and who is also a well-known clergy- 
man of the District. Mr. Sweet is in the early 
jjrime of life, active, energetic, and progressive in 
furthering the interests of his patrons, and meeting 
Huccessfully and proTnptly every emergency incident 
to the practice of his ])rofession. His experience 
has been ample, his abilities have been successfully 
tested, and his friends are legion botii in and out- 
.side of his pr ictice. Mr. Sweet is prepared to give 
his services in all matters relating to tlie patent 
business, and all the details of the business receive 
his skillful personal attention, and the papers filed 
by liini in the interests of his clients are distin- 
guished for accuracy, mechanical and scientific re- 



search, and a thorough knowledge of the case in 
hand. His charges are invariably fair and reason- 
able, and his services are promptly and conscien- 
tiously rendered. He acts as associate attorney for 
a number of prominent attorneys residing in the 
Eastern States, and has developed an important 
connection as counsel for many Eastern manufac- 
turers, including thelleaton Button-Fastener Com- 
pany, the American Electrical Works, the Ameri- 
can Solid Button-Fastener Company, all of Provi- 
dence, R. I.; the Waterbury Brass Company, of 
Waterbury, Conn; the Throop Grain-Cleaner 
Company, of Auburn, N. Y ; the Passenger Rail- 
road Locomotive Manufacturing Company, of Phil- 
adelphia, Pa.; Hon. A. W. Tourgee, of Mayville, 
N. Y. ; Chief Engineer George W.Melville, United 
States Navy, among hundreds of others. As a solici- 
tor and expert in patent matters, Mr. Sweet is 
cordially commended as thoroughly proficient in 
pushing the claims and guarding the interests of 
all classes of inventors. 

F. D. Stephenson, Attomey-at-Law, Le 
Droit Building. — This business was started in 1885 
and has been from its inception well supported by 
the public. Mr. Steplienson, who acted for sixteen 
years as examiner and chief of division in the 
United States Pension Oflice, makes a specialty of 
collecting claims and acts as special solicitor before 
the Executive Department, pushing through in a 
most remarkable manner the claims for pensions 
or increase of same which are confided to his man- 
agement. Pie occupies hand.some offices, finely 
fitted up, and located in an eligible quarter of the 
city, where he can be consulted by all who may 
seek his advice, which may be relied on, backed as 
it is by an experience of over twenty-five years. 
His practice extends all over the United States 
and he is well known far and wide as a gentleman 
of probity and integrity, in whom the utmost con- 
fidence can be placed. Mr. Stephenson is a native 
of Illinois and has been a resident of Washington 
for the last twenty -five years. 

If. R, Grimm, Architect, No. 930 F Street, N. 
W. — The subject of this sketch is a native of 
Washington, and early in life manifested an apti- 
tude for architectural studies, making rapid pro- 
gress, his thorough proficiency and earnest desire 
to excel being notable features of his successful 
career. In 1882 he embarked in business, after nine 
years of practical experience in the employ of some 
of the most skillful architects of the country. Mr. 
Grimm's conceptions of private dwellings, of which 
he makes a specialty, are of the highest order as to 
beauty and symmetry, and have given to his pa- 
trons entire satisfaction. Among the numerous 
buildings which he has designed and planned, spe- 
cial attention is called to those known as the 
Palmer's Buildings. This young architect designs 
with the greatest care, in order to meet the wants 
and requirements of owners, and his estimates are 
always accurate, while in supervising building op- 
erations, he adheres closely to his specifications, and 
has achieved from the start an excellent reputation 
for his professional skill and ability. His charges 
are reasonable, being compatible with the skill and 
workmanship displayed. His office is at Room 6, 
No. 930 F street, N. W., where he can be consulted 
with regard to plans and specifications for private 
dwellings. 



112 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



Jurtd & Detweiler, Book and Job Printers, 
Nos. 420 and 422 Eleventh 8treet, N. W.— Print- 
ing, the "art preservative," is by common con- 
sent the most useful and enduring of the arts, 
and, it may also be added, one of the most pro- 
gressive, the advance made in this interesting 
sphere of activity of late years being one of the 
notable features of the times. A leading and 
noteworthy firm engaged in this line in Wash- 
ington is "that of Messrs. Judd c^ Detweiler, book 
and job printers, whose commodious and well- 
equip[)ed establishment is located at Nos. 420 and 
422 Eleventh street, N. W., and who are in all 
respects among the foremost and most reliable ex- 
ponents of the art in the District of Columbia, the 
work turned out in this admirably conducted and 
flourishing concern being first-class in every par- 
ticular. This prosperous business was established 
in 1868 by the present proprietors, and from the 
inception of the enterprise the lirm have enjoyed 
a large and substantial patronage. Executing an 
excellent class of work, upright and honorable in 
their dealings, and devoting untiring attention and 
close personal supervision to every detail and 
feature of the business, it is only in tlie nature of 
things that they should have attained the full 
measure of success tiiat invariably attends energy 
and ability well applied. The premises occupied 
comprise an entire three-story OOxlOO-foot build- 
ing, supplied with ample steam power and com- 
))letely equipped in every respect with the most 
improved machinery, appliances, and appurte- 
nances, including a large number of capacious 
presses, a thirty-horse power engine and boiler, a 
varied and vast assortment of type ami general 
printing outfit, while upward of eiglity expert 
hands are employed, the lower floor l)eing devoted 
to press-room and oflice and the upper part of tlie 
liouse to composing-room, etc. Book and job work 
of every description is executed in the most supe- 
rior and expeditious manner, a specialty being 
made of scientific printing, and work is done in all 
languages and in every style, all orders, small or 
large, receiving prompt and satisfactory attention. 
The individual members of the firm are Messrs. 
John G. Judd and F. M. Detweiler, natives respec- 
tively of London, Eng., and Pennsylvania, Mr. 
Judd having resided in the United States some 
thirty odd years, the greater part of the time in 
Washington, while Mr. Detweiler has lived in this 
city since boyhood. They are both men of energy 
and thorough business ability, as well as of sfi-ict 
j)robity, and fully merit the large measure of pub- 
lic favor and prosperity they deservedly enjoy. 

E. E. White, Wholesale and Retail (Irrocer, 
No. 635 Louisiana Avennc, opposite New City Post 
Office. — It does not need any great amount of ar- 
gument to prove to any intelligent jierson that of 
all the business interests represented in onr great 
cities none are so vitally necessary to the commu- 
nity as tliose departments which have to do with 
the handling of groceries at wholesale and retail. 
In this line of trade a prominent house in this city 
is that of Mr. E. E. White, whose premises are lo- 
cated at No. 635 Louisiana avenue, opposite the 
New City Post OflSce. These premises consist of a 
three-story building with a frontage of 28 feet and 
a depth of 80 feet. They are admirably fitted up 
throughout, and the stock carried cmbi'aces every 
description of staple and fancy groceries, foreign 



and domestic produce, including canned goods of 
every description. For teas, coflees, sugar, fiour, 
etc., Mr. White's establishment is tlie recognized 
headquarters, these articles being specialties and 
their quality superior to anything to be met with 
elsewhere in this city. .Any one can see that in the 
selection of the stock Mr. White exhibits a ripe 
and thorough judgment, which latter is indeed one 
of the secrets of his success. He has been en- 
gaged in this line of business at the present address 
since 1845, and is one of the best-known and most 
respected merchants in the ciiy. He is a native 
of Montgomery county, Md., and his jjleasant, 
courteous, and honorable methods of treating the 
customers have contributed in no small degree to 
his well-deserved success. 

Charles Kennedy, Dealer in Wood-Burnt 
Lime, Cement, Plaster, Hair, etc., corner of New 
Jersey Avenue and D Streets, N. W. (opposite Bal- 
timore and Ohio J^epot). — Among what may be es- 
pecially termed representative houses in particular 
lines of business should be mentioned that of Mr. 
Charles Kennedy, whose business premises, consist- 
ing of office and yard, and covering an ai-ea of 
six thousand scjuare feet, are located on the 
corner of New Jersey avenue and D streets, 
N. W. ]\Ir. Kennedy was born in Chau- 
tauqua county, N. Y., and in 1871 came to reside 
in Washington. Eight years ago lie founded his 
present business of trading at wholesale and retail 
in wood-burnt lime, cement, plaster, hair, etc. In 
this line he has succeeded in building up avast busi- 
ness connection, due to the handling of reliable and 
first-class goods at the low-est market prices, and to 
the courteous attention which all receive from Mr. 
Kennedy and his assistants. His facilities for se- 
curing supplies from first hands on the most advan- 
tageous terms are of the best jiossible character, and 
these advantages are fully shared with his customers. 
His trade relations extend to all parts of the District 
of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, etc., and the ut- 
most promptitude is shown in the fulfillment of all 
orders. 

Eli Sickle, Four-and-a-PIalf Street, Bargain 
Store, Drv Ooods, etc., N'o. 427 North Four-and-a- 
Half Street, S. W.— The bargain store of Mr. Eli 
Sickle, No. 427 Fonr-and-a-IIalf Street, S.W., is one 
of the finest and mostcompletedrv goods, furnishing, 
dress, and millinery establishments in this part of 
the city. Although established but one year ago, 
the bargain store has steadily enlarged its trade, 
and from the beginning has quickly won its way into 
general popidarity. The stoik embraces a choice se- 
lection of latest dress and dry goods in the market, 
fancy goods of every description, and novelties in 
notions, and the most desirable millinery goods and 
trimmings in almost endless variety. No shop-worn 
merchandise or obsolete sty'es in goods are foimd in 
this establishment, as all of the stock is fresli from 
the manufacturers and importers and has been se- 
lected with the greatest care and judgment by Mr 
Sickle, who was for years engaged in this line of 
business as a clerk in Washington. The trade of the 
liouse extends to all parts of the District. Orders 
for suits and millinerv work are executed in the most 
artistic manner, and full satisfaction as to quality and 
jirices of work is assured. Mr. Sickle is a native of 
Germany and has resided for three years in the 
District of Columbia. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



113 



E. Gr. Davis, Dealer in Black Dress Goods, 
Silks, 8atins, Velvets, Laces, Ribbons, etc., No. 719 
Market Space. — No branch of the retail trade of 
Washington, D. C, has been conducted with greater 
vigor and discretion than that comprising silks, 
satins, and velvets. Prominent among the leading 
retailers and importers in silks, etc., is Mr. E. G. 
Davis, whose salesrooms are located at No. 719 Mar- 
ket Space. This representative house was founded 
in 1866 by Davis & Gaither, who conducted it 
until 1869, when Mr. E. G. Davis became sole pro- 
prietor. The premises occupied are spacious and 
elegantly appointed, and comprise a superior store 
and basement 25x90 feet in dimensions, with back 
room 25x50. So far as the character and extent of 
the stock are concerned, it may be confidently stated 
that the goods have no superiors in Washington or 
any other city in the United States. The assortment 
comprises a splendid line of black dress goods, silks, 
satins, velvets, laces, ribbons, trimmings, embroid- 
eries, and all kinds of fancy goods and notions, 
which are offered to patrons at remarkably low 
prices. All goods are purchased direct from the 
most famous manufacturers in Paris, London, Vi- ! 
enna, Berlin, etc., in large quantities, and the prin- 
ciple on which the enterprise is conducted is that 
of just dealing, giving full value for money, andob- | 
taining emolument in increased sales, rather than | 
in large individual profits. In the silk department i 
we find not only the finest black goods, but also j 
every color and shade at present fashionable, in- I 
eluding some of the most beautiful silks ever im- | 
ported, which are offered at prices remarkable low, 
only possible by means of large purchases and 
ready sales. The same remarks apply to t lie satins, 
velvets, laces, etc., of this reliable house. Mr. 
Davis was born in Howard county, Md., but has re- 
sided in Washington for the last twenty-six 
years. He is one of our public-spirited citizens, 
and is a director of the Firemen's Insurance Com- 
pany, Real Estate and Title Insurance Company, 
Columbia Building Association, and vice-president 
and director of the Columbia Railroad Company. 
This prominent establishment gives every promise 
of a long and prosperous future, which a continu- 
a,nce of the present able management will certainly 
insure it. 

David Nachniau, Dry Goods, Notions, 
and Fan«y Goods, No. 413 Eighth Street, S. E.— 
Among the numerous retail dry goods establish- 
ments of Washington that of Mr. David Nachman, 
No. 413 Eighth street, S. E., is particularly deserv- 
ing of favorable mention on account of its long and 
honorable career and the substantial success it has 
achieved. The present proprietor inaugurated this 
business twenty years ago at No. 908 Eighth street, 
where he remained until 1S83, when the removal 
was made to the premises now occupied. No simi- 
lar concern in the city enjoys a larger measure of 
public confidence or is more consistent in its efforts 
to minister with perfect satisfaction to the wants of 
its patrons. The spacious store, measuring 25x75 
feet, is attractively fitted up, first-class in all its ap- 
pointments, and provided with every convenience 
for tlie display and inspection of stock. Mr. Nach- 
man deals heavily in dry goods, silks and dress 
goods, notions, hosiery, gloves, trimmings, ladies' 
and gents' furnishings, fancy goods, laces, embroid- 
eries, etc. The assortment is one of the most com- 
plete, interesting, and instructive to be found any- 



: where, and is replete with all the standard and re- 
lialjle goods known to the trade and the latest and,- 
choicest novelties of home and foreign manufac-. 

! ture. In the course of his extended connection i 
with tliis interest Mr. Nachman has accunnilated . 
advantages that enable him to procure his supplies 

j on the most favorable terms, this fact finding ex- - 

! pression in the remarkably low prices prevailing 
in every department. Competent clerks are con- 
stantly in attendance and customers are waited 
upon in the promptest and most courteous manner. 
We cannot speak too highly of this house, which 
for so many years has been an active and promi- 
nent factor in the development of the dry goods 
business of the city, and which is to-day one of the 
strongest and most responsible of our mercantile in- 
stitutions. 

C. A. Didrten, Architect, No. 709 Thir- 
teenth Street, N. W. — On every hand there is 
abundant evidence of a demand for splendid public 
and private buildings in ratio with the increase of 
wealth, refinement, and education. In connection 
with these remarks the attention of our readers is 
directed to the architectural works of Mr. C. A. 
Didden, whose office is located at No. 709 Thir- 
teenth street, N. W. This gentleman is a native of 
Prussia, and has had an experience in his profession 
covering a period of aquarter of acentury . Leaving 
his native land in 1862 for England and the Cape 
of Good Hope, where he was engaged in the con- 
struction of the new breakwater and docks, he 
came to New York in 1866, and to Washington in 
1872, being engaged continuously on some of the 
largest buildings in New York and this city. He 
will be found prompt, liberal, and enterprising, 
never unsolicitous for the benefit of his patrons 
and always prepared to offer advantages, in keep- 
ing with such a reputation. We may mention a 
few of the buildings under his supervision : 
The residence of the Hon. G. G. Hubbard, No. 
1328 Connecticut avenue; of R. Protner, Esq., No. 
1104 Vermont avenue; Mr. W. R. Riley's store, 
corner of E and Ninth streets; the stores of C. 
Baum and Ryneal,and hundreds of other buildings 
in every part of the city. In 1882 his plans were. 
adopted for the proposed new Naval Observatory. 
Mr. Didden, who is a member of the American In- 
stitute of Architects, is fully prepared with all the 
necessary facilities to execute any architectural 
undertaking. He has a fine suite of offices at the 
address above indicated, and has accorded to him a 
most liberal and substantial patronage. 

A. C. Coluiiilms, Photographer, No. 805 
Market Space. — A prominent hoiise engaged in this 
business is that of Mr. A. C. Columbus, which was 
established by him in 1881, and the artist lias been 
rapidly winning fame in consequence of the soft- 
ness and exquisite finish of his portraits. His gal- 
lery is large and commodious, elegantly and hand- 
somely furnished, and thoroughly eqnipiied with 
all the best and latest ini]n-oved instruments and 
materials known to the art, and he is prepared to 
take any size or style of picture. Mr. Columbus 
makes a specialty of tintypes, and does a very ex- 
tensive business in this particular branch of his 
profession. Mr. Columbus is a native of the Dis- 
trict of Columbia, and enjoys the fullest confidence 
of the entire community. He is also a prominent 
and active member of the Knights of Pvthias. 



114 



CITY OF WASHINGTON, 



Li. M. Saunders & Bro., Loan, Real Es- 
tate, and Rent Office, No. 1103 F Street, N. W.— 
Prosecuting a successful enterprise in the real 
estate line with signal ability, Messrs. L. M. Saun- 
ders & Bro. are entitled to very favorable mention. 
Established in 1880, the house has had a most pros- 
perous career, enjoying the confidence and patron- 




age of property-holders throughout the city and 
adjoining States. The firm possess every facility 
for placing transactions upon the best possible 
basis, and bring to bear a combination of experi- 
ence, energy, and thorough knowledge of the busi- 
ness. They buy, sell, and exchange property, se- 
cure desirable tenants for dwellings, stores, and 
tenements, collect rents, manage estates for non- 
residents, effecting such repairs as may be needed 
judiciously and economically, and negotiate loans 
up>n bond and mortgage. Their books contain 
descriptions of many splendid buildingsitosand un- 
improved pro|)erty in all sections of the city and 
surrounding country, and ])urchasers are always 
offered terms whose moderation is exceptional. 
Their work is always done promptly and faithfully, 
and their patrons are ever ready to recommend 
them as authority upon all business relating to the 
branch of trade in which they are engaged. The 
firm is in all respects one of the most prominent 
and progressive operating in the real estate market 



of Washington. Mr. L. JI. Saunders is a lawyer of 
prominence and ability, which is a great advantage 
to both him and his patrons in connection with 
real estate matters. 

The National Bank of the Kepublic, 
of Wafshington, President, Dr. Daniel B. 
Clarke; ('ashler, Charles S. Bradley, Seventh and 
D Streets. — Prominent among the representative 
banks of the city is the National Bank of the Re- 
public. This substantial and progressive bank was 
duly incorjioraled in iSGo, and its charter was re- 
newed in 18S5. Its career has been a very success- 
ful one, highly creditable to the executive ability 
and conservative judgment of its management. 
The capital of the bank is 6200,000, which has 
been fiu-ther augmented by a surplus fund of §100,- 
000. The following gentlemen are the oflicers and 
directors: Dr. Daniel B. Clarke, president, and 
Charles S. Bradlev, cashier ; directors — Dr. D. B. 
Clarke, W. 11. Morrison, W. R. Riley, W. J. Sib- 
ley, T. E. Wagtraman, A. A. Wilson, James L. 
N orris, O. C. Green, and John E. Herrell. The 
bank solicits the accounts of bankers, corporations,^ 
merchants, manufacturers, and others, offering very 
superior facilities for the transaction of every 
branch of business. Collections in the United 
States, Canada, and Europe are made on favorable 
terms. The bank likewise attends to remittances, 
at lowest rates of exchange, and offers every possi- 
ble advantage and convenience to patrons. Dr. D. 
B. ( larke, the president, is an able and efficient ex- 
ponent of the soundest principles governing bank- 
ing and fmance. Mr. C. S. Bradley, the cashier, is 
an experienced and honorable bank officer, with 
every qualification for his responsible position. 
The directors are widely known in tiie community 
for their ability and integrity, and their connection 
with the National Bank of the Republic, of Wash- 
ington, gives it a foremost position among the 
sound, well-managed institutions of the country. 

R. C. Hevvett, Flour, Feed, Oats, Corn, Hay, 
Straw, Lime, I'laster, Cement, Pitch, Felt, Salt, 
etc., Nos. 1225 and 1227 Seventh Street, N. W.— A 
representative house engaged in handling fiour, 
general feed, and masons' supplies in this market is 
that of ]^Ir. R. C. Ilewett. This house was founded 
in 1S()0, and it is one of the oldest and also one of 
the largest of its kind in the city. The premises 
occupied comprise a building containing three 
floors and basement, the whole covering an area of 
25x1 25 feet, also seven large warehouses. They are 
equipped with every convenience and appliance fur 
facilitating the handling of stock and the transac- 
tion of business. The proprietor has at all times 
on hand a very extensive stock of the finest quali- 
ties of family flour, feed, oats, corn, hay, straw, 
lime, jdaster, cement, pitcli, felt, salt, etc., the trade 
in which is of both wholesale and retail. During 
its career for twenty-seven years the house has 
always borne a high reputation for fair and honor- 
able dealing. Mr. Ilewett is a native of Frederick 
county, j\Id., and din-ing the war was caj>tain of a 
West Virginia troop of cavalry on the side of the 
Union. He belongs to the Masonic body, the Odd 
Fellows, Knights of Pythias, and the Improved 
Order of Red Men. He was a railroad conductor 
on the trains that brought tlie Si.xth Massachunetts 
Regiment and President Lincoln to Wasliington 
by way of Baltimore during the war. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



115 



J. B. HaniniOlid, Manufacturer of and 
Dealer in Building Material, Frames, Sa^li, Doors 
Moldings, Counters, Desks, etc , corner of Twelfiii 
Street and Ohio .Avenue, N. W. — One of tiie prin- 
cipal houses engaged in this industry is that of 
Mr. J. B. Hammond, which is entitled to more 
than passing notice, not only from the fact of its 
extensive operations, but as being a representative 
house in an eminent degree, and one of the oldest 
engaged in the trade. Mr. Hammond is widely 
known as an extensive manufacturer of and dealer 
in building material, including doors, sash, and 
blinds, window-frames, moldings, stair work, desks, 
cases and counters, show-windows and store fix- 
tures, scroll sawing and turning, also glass and 
general hardware. The business was founded here 
in J 878 by the present proprietor. The reputation 
established for reliability and promptness in filling 
orders is excelled by none of its contemporaries. 
The premises occupied comprise a fine three-story 
brick building 75x75 feet in dimensions, supplied 
with all the necessary woodworking machinery of 
a modern pattern, operated by a forty-horse power 
steam engine, and furnishing steady employment 
to twenty skilled workmen. The proprietor makes 
a specialty of Ivirdwood work of all kinds for fin- 
ishing of residences, stores, and offices, and carries 
ill stock a splendid line of materials of regular size, 
being prepared also to manufacture all sizes re- 
(piired to order. Pie prom])tly furnishes estimates 
for the construction of buildings, furnisliing sup- 
plies of all kinds at the lowest rates. He has a 
large and permanent patronage throughout Mary- 
land, Virginia, the District of Columbia, and the 
entire South. Mr. Hammond is a native of Mary- 
land. 

Lepley & Finster, Catholic Booksellers and 
Stationers, No. 715 Fifteenth Street, N. W.— The 
book-publishing business holds its prominence in 
Washington as well as in other leading cities of the 
Union, and among those engaged in this line may 
be mentioned the firm of Lepley & Finster, Catho- 
lic booksellers and stationers, No. 715 Fifteenth 
street, N. W. This house was founded in 1883 by 
Mr. W. II. Lepley, who took into partnership Mr. 
J. B. Finster in 1885, thus forming the }>resent 
style of Lepley & Finster. They occupy a commo- 
dious store, which is finely fitted up, and carry a 
large and well-assorted stock of church supplies 
(specially adapted to the Catholic faith), com- 
prising rosaries, prayer-book, Bibles, devotional 
books, medals, crosses, crucifixes, statues, religious 
engravings, scapulars, holy-water fonts, and all 
religious articles in general, which they sell at 
the lowest prices. They also make a specialty of 
supplying missions, and oflTer extraordinary induce- 
ments, being willing to take back all goods remain- 
ing unsold. Jn conjunction with this they 
carry on bookbinding, printing, and card 
engraving, and all orders in this line will 
receive their strict and prompt attention. 
Though but comparatively young in the business, 
they have succeeded already in establishing a pros- 
perous and extensive trade in and around Wash- 
ington, with prospects of a bright future, and are 
subscription agents for all leading magazines, news- 
papers, and periodicals. Mr. Lepley was born in 
New York, but was brought to Washington when 
but a mere boy. He is a young man of keen busi- 
ness capacity and courteous address. His partner, 



Mr. Finster, is a na-tive of West Virginia, and is 
also a young man possessed of great energy and 
well posted in all the details of the trade, which 
has considerably helped the house to the eminence 
it has attained. 

E. B. Cottrell, Real Estate Broker, No. 
1418 New York Avenue. Telephone Call No. 467-2. 
— Washington City has no financial interest of 
greater importance than that of real estate, and at 
the [)resent time, when the securities of the stock 
market are so depressed, the investing jaublic has 
directed its attention to city property. Pi-ominent 
among the most active and popular houses which 
have aided to develop the real estate market of 
the District of Columbia is that of Mr. E. B. Cot- 
trell, No. 1418 New York avenue, which was es- 
tablished by him in the pretent location in 1878 
and has retained the esteem and confidence of the 
financial community. Mr. Cottrell has had a wide 
range of experience, coupled with an intimate 
knowledge of the merits and values of the various 
residential, business, and suburban sections of the 
District. His offices are spacious and commodious, 
neatly, appropriately appointed, and supplied with 
every convenience for the comfort of patrons. He 
transacts a general real estate business, buying, 
selling, exchanging, renting, and undertakes the 
entire management of estates, and has connections 
of a very superior character. He is also prepared 
to negotiate loans on bond and mortgage upon the 
most reasonable terms. He makes a specialty of 
buying and selling local stocks, bonds, investment 
and other securities. ]\Ir. Cottrell is a native of 
Pennsylvania, but has resided here since 1871. He 
is full of enterprise and energy, and has always 
given a hearty support to all measures best calcu- 
lated to advance and promote the permanent wel- 
fare of the District . 

Frank P. Weller, Drugs, Medicines, and 
Chemicals, No. 751 Eighth iStreet, S. E. — -One of 
the largest and best appointed drug stores in this 
portion of the city is that of Mr. Frank P. Weller, 
which is situated at the above address. It is finely 
fitted up and furnished with show-cases and all 
other appurtenances pertaining to this business, hav- 
ing dimensions of 20x60 feet. This store carries 
a very carefully selected stock of drugs, medicines, 
chemicals, patent medicines, druggists' supplies, 
and also a line of toilet articles, fancy goods, 
brushes, sponges, combs, perfumery, etc. The pre- 
scription department is under the personal super- 
vision of Mr. Weller, assisted by two skilled clerks, 
and nothing but the very purest drugs are allowed 
in the compounding of physicians' prescriptions. 
Mr. Weller was born in Maryland and came to 
Washington in 1866, where he took up in 1872 the 
study of drugs, acting as clerk and compounder 
under some of the most eminent druggists of the 
day, and, after a practical experience of eleven 
years, he entered into business on his own account. 
He is skilled in his business and one in whom im- 
plicit confidence may be reposed as a careful, pains- 
taking, reliable druggist and apothecary. AH ]ire- 
scriptions are compoiuided at the shortest notice 
and at all hours, a night clerk being always in at- 
tendance. Mr. Weller is a gentleman who is much 
thought of in the profession and highly respected 
by the community at large. 



116 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



Warren Choate, Agent for the Provident 
Life and Trust Company, IS'o. 927 F Street, N. W. 
— The Provident Life and Trust Company, of Phil- 
adelpiiia, has been in existence since 18G5, and was 
organized for the purpose of promoting life insur- 
ance among the iSociety of Friends throughout the 
United States, including all other persons of like 
careful habits, and from a small beginning has 
grown to large proportions and strength, it has a 
cash capital of S1,UUU,000 paid up in full, and a net 
surplus belonging to the insurance deiJartnient of 
§1,536,606.43, which gives the policy-holders a pro- 
tection of §2,536,606.43 above the reserve fund re- 
quired by law. The Provident's success is due to 
the careful and conservative management o*" its of- 
ficers, who are men of tried experience and ability. 
The charter of this company, in addition to the au- 
thority to insure lives, confers also authority to 
act as executor, administrator, trustee, guardian, 
etc., or, in other words, to transact what is generally 
known as a trust business. It is a certainty that 
taking out a policy in the Provident means secur- 
ity, inspires confidence in the public mind, and 
places the insured in a protected position in case of 
death, with an assurance that tlie policy will be 
promptly paid. The afi^airs of this company for the 
District of Columbia are conducted by ^Ir. Warren 
Choate, whose oftice is located at No. 927 Y street, 
N. W., who was established in this business in 1883, 
and has ever since the start received a large pro- 
portion of the life insurance businessof the city and 
vicinity. The rej)resentalion which the company 
receives at his hands is of the very best quality, and 
he is constantly increasing its risks, while the inter- 
ests of the insured are carefully looked after by him. [ 
Mr. Choate is a native of this city, and enjoys the 
entire confidence of the community. I 

P. B. Duim, "Wholesale Dealer in Fine ; 
Wines and Liquors and Jobber in Cigars and 
Tobacco, No. 218 Tenth Street, N. W.— There are 
probably few articles so hard to obtain unadul- 
terated as wines and liquors. It is only by the 
greatest care in purchasing, either by the consumer 
or retailer, that jjurity can be assured. In this con- 
nection special attention is directed in this trade re- 
view of Washington to the reliable and responsible 
house of Mr. P. B. Dunn, the well-known whole- 
sale dealer in fine wines and liquors and jobber in 
cigars and tobacco at No. 218 Tenth street, N. W. 
Tliis house was established in 1876, and has ever 
enjoyed a high reputation for tlie superiority of its ' 
goods and the excellence and enterprise of its busi- 
ness management. The jiremises comprise two 
floors 25x100 feet each, giving ample accommo- 
dation for the disposal of the immense stork which 
isconstantly carried. Th is stnckconiprises a splendid 
selection of imported and doincstic goods, including 
ports, sherries, cham{)agnes, and clarets, Scotch and 
Irisli wiiiskies, imported direct in original ))ackages 
and absolutely unexcelled by those of any other first- 
class house in the country, also Kentucky Bourbon 
and rye whiskies, rums, gins, and brandies of the 
best home manufacture. Many of the wines and 
liquors kept by this house are of great age and are 
eagerly souglit for by connoisseurs and critical 
judges. A family line of pure liquors is sold here 
at the lowest market ])rices. IMr. Dunn also has a 
retail establishment at the corner of Fifteenth and 
P streets, N. W. Tlie reliable manner in wliicli 
this business is conducted, as well as the admirable 



quality and purity of the wines and liquors kept, 
are sufiicient reasons why the trade will do well to 
place their orders with this responsible and repre- 
sentative house. Mr. Dunn has a large and first- 
class patronage throughout the city and District, 
and is highly esteemed as a citizen and business 
man. 

J. T. Walker Sons, Dealers in Lime, 
Cement, Pitch, Carpet-Felt, Fire-Clay, Brick, etc.. 
No. 204 Tenth Street, N. W. — The popular and 
prosperous firm of J. T. Walker Sons, dealers in 
liine, cement, roofing, and kindred produces, whose 
capacious and well-known establishment is located 
at No. 204 Tenth street, N. W., enjoys the distinc- 
tion of being the oldest, as well as one of the fore- 
most and best-equipped, concerns engaged in this 
important branch of commercial activity in Wash- 
ington, having been in continuous and successful 
existence nearly thirty seven years, and which to- 
day fully sustains its old-time reputation for relia- 
ble and excellent goods and upright and honorable 
dealing. The house w:is founded in 1S50 by J- T. 
Walker (deceased), who shortly after admitted into 
partnership his son, J. T. Walker, Jr., thus consti- 
tuting the cojjartnership which conducted the busi- 
ness up to November, 1886. when, owing to the 
death of the senior member, which occurred 
at this period, it passed into the sole 
control of J. T. Walker, Jr., who now continues 
the business alone with uninterrupted success. The 
premises occupied comprise an entire three-story 
30xl00-foot structure, and an extensive and excel- 
lent stock is constantly carried, including lime, ce- 
ment, plaster, gravel, roofing, and building material, 
pitch, carpet felt, fire-clay, fire brick, charcoal, felt, 
etc., from four to ten hands being regularly em- 
ployed. Gravel and felt roofing is also attended to 
all over the city and suburbs, and altogether the 
trade, which is both wholesale and retail, is very 
heavy, and affords evidence of steady and substantial 
increase annually. Mr. Walker, who is a native of 
this city, is a man of push and enterprise and of 
sterling integrity, and enjoys an enviable reputation 
in the community, alike as a business man and a 
citizen. 

Austin P. BroAVil, Real Estate and Loans, 
No. 1426 F Street, N. W. — One among the best 
known of the representative business men in the 
city is Mr. Austin P. Brown, who is conducting a 
large business as a real estate and loan agent, and 
has valuable property for sale and rent in the Dis- 
trict and in the States of Maryland and Virginia. 
He also negotiates loans on l)()nil and mortgage and 
gives his personal attention to all branches of the 
real estate business. Mr. Brown, who is a native 
of the State of Maine, has resided in Washington 
for m jre than a quarter of a century, and is identified 
with the affiiirs of the District. For twenty years 
he was a (lovernment supply agent, and is also 
agent for the Otis Iron and Steel Com]iany, Geo. T. 
Blake jNIanufacturing Company, Consolidated Safety 
Valve Comi)any, New York Belting and Packing 
Company, Park, Brother cS: Co. He has been 
in the real estate and loan business since 1884, 
and sir.co that time has been prominent in juany of 
the heavy transactions and improvements that have 
been made in the District. He is a gentleman of 
high standing in the connnunity, and as a business 
man and citizen is held in high esteem. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



117 



Corson & Macartney, Bankers, Glover 
Building, No. 1419 F Street. — One of the sound, 
reliable, and popular banking houses in the city of 
Washington is that of Messrs Corson & Macart- 
ney, located at No. 1419 F street, in the Glover 
Building. This house was established in February, 
18S5, and has been successful from the start. The 
promptness of the firm in meeting all demands and 
the thorough integrity manifested in all movements 
have inspired all classes with the utmost confidence 
in tlie soundness, reliability, and financial strength 
of the house. The firm transact a general banking 
business, including the receiving of deposits, the 
discounting of bills, the collection of drafts, the in- 
vestment in approved paper, and dealing in invest- 
ment securities, and have gained a large and influ- 
ential patronage among the best classes of citizens. 
The members of the firm are of that school of men 
who believe in " security rather than high rates of 
interest, caution rather than great risks," and their 
steadily increasing success has been achieved by a 
I'igid adiierence to these wise and legitimate busi- 
ness methods, combined with a knowledge of finance 
and abilities of the highest order. The firm is 
composed of Messrs. John \V. Corson and John W. 
Macartney, both natives of this City, members of 
the New York Stock Exchange, and gentlemen of 
high standing in business and financial circles. 
Their principal correspondents are Messrs. Moore 
& Schley, New York andChicago C. D. Barney & 
Co., Philadelphia, and Irvin A. Evans, Boston. 

Sliooniaker Company, Importers of Fine 
Winesjj Liquors, Cigars, etc., Nos. 1831 and 1383 E 
Street. — The extensive concern whose name stands 
at the head of this .review has been for many years 
an active and iiiHuential agent in the promotion of 
the wine and liquor trade of Washington, and has 
contributed very largely to its advancement to its 
present position of importance. This enterprise 
was inaugurated in 1859 by ISIr. William Shoo- 
maker, who conducted it with distinguished ability 
for many years, when the business had grown to 
such proportions that, in order the better to facili- 
tate the transaction of affairs, the Shoomaker ( 'om- 
pany was incorporated. The officers are August W. 
Noack, president, and Francis (Tarlichs, secretary, 
both gentlemen of ripe experience, rare energy, and 
a thorough knowledge of all the ramified details of 
the industry which they represent. The company 
are importers of and wholesale and retail dealers 
in fine wines, liquors, cigars, etc., and carry an im- 
mense stock in all lines, from which the heaviest 
orders are filled with ease and promptitude. They 
have superior facilities for the successful conduct of 
the business on a large scale. The premises occu- 
pied are splendidly located at Nos. 1331 and 1333 
E street, consisting of a spacious salesroom, 35x150 
feet, and a four-story warehouse 35x40 feet in di- 
mensions. Every convenience is provided for the 
storage and handling of the valuable stock, which 
comprises Bourbon and rye whiskies from the most 
noted manufacturing regions of the country, bran- 
dies, champagnes, clarets, sherries. Madeiras, and 
other first-class wines, gins, cordials, and delicate 
liquors of every description demanded by the trade. 
The assortment of cigars embraces all the best and 
most popular brands of home and foreign produc- 
tion. The company make a specialty of handling 
the finest classes of goods, and everything coming 
from their establishment can be implicitly relied 



upon for purity, wholesomeness, and general excel- 
lence. The customers of the concern are located 
in all parts of the United States, and the volume 
of business, which fo its up many thousands of dol- 
lars in value per annum, is being steadily added to. 
The officers and managers of the company condiict 
the business iu a spirit of liberal and honorable en- 
terprise, giving their customers the benefit of all 
their advantages in respct to prices, and it may be 
truly Said that no mei-cantile institution in the city 
deserves or enjoys a larger degree of the confidence 
of those to whom it caters. 

Ed. J. Hannan, Plumber, No. 517 Eleventh 
Street, N. W. — Among tiiose who stand prominent 
in this line of business is Mr. Ed. J. Hannan, who 
established this house in 1873, and moved into the 
present store in 1879. The premises occupied are 
spacious and admirably adapted to the business, 
appropriately fitted up, and contain a complete 
plant of apparatusand tools required for the plumb- 
ing and gasfitting trades. His patrons as a class 
belong to the most intelligent of our citizens, who 
know the importance of having their plumbing ex- 
ecuted in the best manner, so as to have no pos- 
sibility of noxious odors tainting and poisoning 
the atmosphere of their homes. Being thoroughly 
educated in sanitary gcience and a practical 
plumber, ^Mr. Hannan gives universal satisfaction, 
and one of the great advantages about his work is 
that when once completed it will remain perfect 
for years and will not require repairing. This to 
landlords and property owners is of the utmost 
importance, since plumbers' bills necessarily, from 
the character of their work, are proverbially high, 
and in this case, as in all others, the best is the 
cheapest. He furnishes estimates, enters into con- 
tracts for the complete fitting up of buildings, and 
in sanitary plumbing, which is his specialty, he is 
without a superior in the city. He employs none 
but the most skillful and proficient workmen, and 
being a practical plumber of many years' experi- 
ence, he devotes his entire attention to all the de- 
tails of his business. Mr. Hannan is a native of 
Ireland, but was reared in Baltimore. 

F. Pitzer & Co., Pharmacists, corner of 
Fifth and East Capitol Streets. — A prominent and 
well established pharmacy is that of Messrs. F. 
Pitzer & Co. Its popularity and success represent 
the result of ten years of capable and lionorable 
endeavor under the management of Mr. Pitzer. 
The store, which measures 20x60 feet, is conve- 
niently and appropriately fitted up, the appoint- 
ments are all of the best order, and every facility is 
at hand for the prosecution at the business. The 
large and complete stock carried comprises pure 
drugs, chemicals, pharmaceutical preparations, pro- 
prietary and family medicines, toilet and fancy 
articles, and, in fitct, everything to be found in any 
first-class drug establishment. Only the goods of 
the most reputable manufacturers and importers 
are liandled, and a full and distinct guarantee is 
given as to the integrity of every article sold. The 
compounding of physicians' prescriptions gives am- 
ple scope for the exercise of the thorough and 
searching knowledge of Mr. Pitzer. his professional 
experience covering many years, and involving an 
intimate familiarity with every technical detail of 
the business. The wants of patrons are sujiplied 
at any hour of the day or night. 



118 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



R. O. Ednionston, Wholesale Grocer and 
Dealer in Bakers', Confectioners', and Butchers' 
Supplies, No. 434 Ninth Street, N. W. — The whole- 
sale handling of Hour, general groceries, and pro- 
visions constitutes, as it is unnecessary to state, a 
branch of commercial activity of surpassing import- 
ance in every centre of trade and business in this 
country to-day. Engaged in this line Washington 
contains some excellent and noteworthy concerns, 
among which may be named the stable and reliable 
house of R. O. Edmonston, wholesale grocer and 
dealer in bakers', confectioners', and butchers' sup- 
plies, situated at No. 434 Ninth street, N. W., 
which is in all respects one of the leading and best- 
equipped establishments of the kind in the city, 
while its connections are of a most substantial and 
gratifying character. This nourishing and well- 
ordered house was founded in 187(), and being con- 
ducted on sound business principles and its man- 
agement characterized by energy and ability, Mr. 
Edmonston has from the start enjoyed a large and 
prosperous trade, the unefiuivocal excellence of the 
goods handled, coupled with upright and honora- 
ble dealing and close attention to the wants of cus- 
tomers, being among the special features contribut- 
ing to the positive and permanent success that has 
attended the enterprise from its inception. The 
premises occupied comprise the whole of a four- 
story building and basement, 25x90 feet in dimen- 
sions, and a heavy and A 1 stock is constantly car- 
ried, embracing the finest brands of Hour (including 
"Star of the West," "Belle of the Kitchen," and 
Minnesota patent), choice hams, smoked meats, 
canned goods, preserves, condiments, sauces, table 
luxuries, delicacies, syrups, molasses, rice, fish, 
soaps, etc., pure teas, coffees, and spices, aud a full 
and fine assortment of staple and fancy groceries. 
Some half a dozen clerks are employed, no pains 
being spared to render the utmost satisfaction in 
every instance to purchasers, and the trade, which 
is. exceedingly large, extends all over the District 
and environs, and is both wholesale and retail, the 
annual transactions altogether reaching a very 
handsome figure. 

Georg-e Hill, Jr., Potomac Paper Mills, 
Manufacturer and Dealer in Paper, Envelopes, 
Cards, Paper Bags, etc.. No. 432 Ninth Street, N. 
W. — The Potomac Paper Mills deserve conspic- 
uous mention for their long aud honorable ca- 
reer. This valuable enterprise has been in contin- 
uous operation since ISoO, and has not only ac- 
quired a high reputation for the excellence of its 
productions, but has also built up a trade the total 
of which is a leading feature in the aggregate of 
our annual business transactions. The mills occupy 
premises which are ample in dimensions, and 
the provision of machinery embraces the latest 
and most improved apjjliances. A large force of 
skilled hands are given profitable employment. 
The range of manufacture embraces news, book, 
and Manilla papers. The mills, located at corner 
Thirty-third aud K streets, are kept running to 
their full capacity, and the heaviest orders are 
filled with ease aud i)romptitude. The warehouse 
and salesroom comprise an entire floor 40x80 feet, 
with basement. A large stock is here carried at 
all times, the assortment including everything made 
in the mills, and the house is the centre of an ex- 
tensive and flourishing wholesale and retail trade. 
The proprietor, Mr. George Hill, Jr., is a man of 



ripe experience, intimately familiar with all the 
wants and requirements of the trade, and one of 
our progressive aud successful business men. 

Thomas G. Hensey, Eeal Estate Agent 
and General Conveyancer, Oflice,No. 1006 F Street, 
N. W. — Engaged in the real estate busine.ss in 
Washington no one sustains a higher reputation for 
reliability and integrity than Mr. Hensey, he being 
accounted one of the best judges of the jjresent and 
prospective values of both improved and unim- 
proved property in the city or environs. A resi- 
dence of eighteen years has enabled him to ac- 
quaint himself thoroughly with the value of Dis- 
trict property, and his training as a lawyer quali- 
fies him to prepare legal papers connected with real 
estate transactions accurately. He transacts a gen- 
eral real estate business, buying, selling, exchang- 
ing, and letting, attending also to the collection of 
rents and the management of estates, while insur- 
ance on eitlier property or life is placed in the best 
companies, Mr. Ilensey representing some of the 
leading and most reliable insurance institutions. 
Conveyancing in its every phase and feature is ex- 
ecuted, legal documents prepared, and all forms in- 
cidental to the purchase and sale of realty drawn 
up, and advances are made on bond and mortgage. 
Those who liave money to loan can secure safe in- 
vestments, and those who wish to procure loans on 
real estate can do so by calling from 8.30 a. m. 
to 4.30 p. M. The transactions extend all over 
the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Vir- 
ginia, and altogether a large and flourishing busi- 
ness is done. Mr. Hensey is a gentleman a£ cour- 
teous manners and strict probity in all his dealings, 
an esteemed member of Lincoln Post, G. A. K., 
having a creditable war record — a native of New 
York, he served in the Army of the Potomac al- 
most during the four years, sharing the checkered 
fortunes of the Seventh New York Cavalry 
throughout the campaigns. 

D. Elllis, Dealer in Staple and Fancy Gro- 
ceries, Fruits, Wines, Liquors, Cigars, etc., corner 
of Third and A Streets, S. E.— Mr. Dornia Ellis, 
who is a native of this city, has had a long practi- 
cal experience in the grocery trade, and has, during 
the seven years he has been in business on his own 
account, had the reputation for dealing only in 
pure goods. He has a fine store 25x')0 feet in size, 
admirably fitted up, and provided with every con- 
venience for the comfort of customers, and the 
display of the excellent stock, which embraces a 
large variety of articles such as directly relate to 
the general wants of the community, and includes 
everything in the line of staple and fancy groceries. 
The choicest teas and coffees, all kinds of foreign 
and domestic fruits, canned goods, table delicacies 
of all kinds, will y)e found pure and fresh in stock. Mr. 
Ellis is the agent for the far-famed "Silver Spray" 
flour (Minnesota patent), and of this he carries a 
large stock. He also deals extensively in the 
choicest foreign and domestic wines and liquors, 
cigars, tobacco, etc. Three courteous and attentive 
clerks and a delivery wagon are employed in the 
business, and a large and substantial trade is the 
result of close attention to the wants of customers. 
Mr. Ellis is a prominent member of the American 
Legion of Honor and of the Chosen Friends, and 
is very popular in the community. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



119 



J. M. • Wlieatley , Wholesale and Retail Dealer 
in Coal and Wood, Lime, Plaster, and Cement, Office 
and Yard, corner of Second Street and Indiana 
Avenue ; Warehouse, foot of Tenth Street, S. W. ; 
Branch Office, No. 623 Louisiana Avenue, N. W. — ■ 
The coal interests of every large community must 
ever remain of the iirst importance, while the 
system by which the supply is received should be 
thoroughly organized and efficiently directed. A 
prominent factor in the coal and lime interest in 
the cicy of Washington is the establishment of Mr. 
J. M. Wheatley, who is widely known as a whole- 
sale and retail dealer in coal, wood, lime, plaster, 
and cement. His main office and yard is located 
at the corner of Second street and Indiana avenue, 
with a warehouse at the foot of Tenth street, S. W., 
and a brancli office at No. 623 Louisiana avenue, 
N. W. Mr. Wheatley has had fifteen years' expe- 
rience in this line of trade, and established his 
present enterprse in 1879. He is now accounted 
by those acquainted with the trade as the largest 
retail dealer in cement in this section of the United 
States. His trade in coal and wood is also of no 
inconsiderable magnitude and is yearly increasing 
in volume and importance. His yards each have 
the capacity for the storage of from four thousand 
to six tiiousand tons of coal, while the heavy de- 
mands of his customers necessitate the carrying of 
an immense stock and the employment of a large 
force of men and teams. The coal handled is noted 
for its uniform good quality, every bushel disposed 
of being fully guaranteed as coming up to the best 
standard of excellence. In the trade in plaster 
and cement the specialties handled are Newburgh 
plaster, Cumberland and Rosendale cement, and 
Union and Giant Portland cement. The trade of 
the house extends throughout Washington and the 
States of Maryland and Virginia, the rarest induce- 
ments being offered as to quality and price. Mr. 
Wheatley is a native of the District, intimately 
conversant with all the phases of his business, and 
a wide-awake and energetic business man. 

W. R. Brown, Fine Groceries, Teas, Wines 
Liquors, etc., Pennsylvania Avenue, Southwest cor- 
ner of Twentieth vStreet. — In the whole range of 
commercial enterprise no interest is of more im- 
portance than that representing the sale of groce- 
ries. This fact is recognized and appreciated by 
all intelligent and thoughtful people, and, there- 
fore, the matter of the selection of a dealer from 
whom to purchase our supplies calls for careful 
consideration and discriminating judgment. In 
this connection we take genuine pleasure in calling 
the attention of our readers to the widely known 
and reliable house of Mr. W. R. Brown, on Penn- 
sylvania avenue, at the southwest corner of Twen- 
tieth street, one of the oldest mercantile concerns 
of the city. It has been in continuous existence 
since 1836, having been founded in that year by 
Mr. Samuel Stott, and after passing through several 
changes, which will naturally occur in the course 
of sucii an extended career, tlie business passed into 
the hands of the ])resent proprietor in 1871. Mr. 
Brown deals heavily in fine groceries, wines, and 
liquors, and carries a stock of such magnitude tliat 
he is enabled to meet witli ease and promptitude 
any demand upon his resources and to accord ad- 
vantages to customers in the way of prices which 
cannot be easily duplicated elsewhere. Tlie store 
is 20x100 feet in dimensions, conveniently arranged 



throughout for the exhibition and inspection of 
goods, and filled to repletion with a splendid assort- 
ment of teas, coffees, sugars, flavors, spices, canned 
specialties, preserves, jellies, table delicacies of all 
kinds, and the choicest foreign and domestic wines 
and liquors. Mr. Brown has always made it a rule 
to iiandle none but the freshest, purest, and most 
wholesome merchandise. Orders are filled without 
delay and free delivery is made to all parts of the 
city, while the experienced and courteous clerks 
who are always in attendance make a visit to the 
establishment both pleasant and profitable. Mr. 
Brown is a native of the District of Columbia, a 
man of rare energy and business capacity, and one 
of the most responsible and trustworthy men con- 
nected with the grocery trade of the city. 

David Murphy, Proprietor of the Virginia 
Sale Stables, Nos. 458 and 460 Virginia Avenue, 
S. W. — One of the most popular and important 
livery, boarding, and sale establishments in Wash- 
ington is that known as the Virginia Sale Stables. 
This enterprise was founded twenty years ago by 
the present proprietor, Mr. David Murphy, and is 
generally recognized as one of the most desirable 
and reliable concerns of its kind in the city. The 
premises occupied comprise a commodious three- 
story building 60x140 feet in dimensions, which is 
fitted up in the most modern and approved style, 
well ventilated, drained, and lighted, and in charge 
of careful and experienced grooms and other assist- 
ants. Mr. Murphy has a large number of hand- 
some and stylish equipages and a stock of superior 
riding and driving hor.ses, which can be hired for 
business or pleasure, night or day, on the most 
moderate terms. All calls are promptly answered 
and engagements punctually met, the invariable 
rule being to allow no patron to suffer the least 
disappointment. The best of care is given to 
boarding horses, this department of the business 
being a special feature. In connection with his 
stables, Mr. Murphy conducts a general wheel- 
wright and blacksmithing shop, producing light 
vehicles of all kinds and giving particular atten- 
tion to painting and repairing. His work is thor- 
ough and all orders are executed without delay at 
the lowest prices. 

Philip F. Hall, Shirtmaker and Men's Fur- 
nisher, No. 908 F Street, N. W.— The fine dress shirts 
manufactured in this well and favorably known 
emporium are A 1 in every feature, in cut, fit, 
finish, comfort, and durability, patrons and pur- 
chasers being always assured of excellent value 
and satisfactory treatment here. This flourishing 
enterprise was started in 1870 by Mr. James Thomp- 
son, and after several changes it passed into the 
control of Messrs. Hall & Barnes in 1884, who 
continued the business with eminent success till 
the present year, when Mr. Hall assumed sole con- 
trol, having purchased Mr. Barnes' interest. The 
premises occupied comprise a 75x80-foot store, 
finely fitted up and completely equipped in every 
respect, and a heavy and first-class stock is con- 
stantly carried, embracing fine white shirts, the 
latest and most attractive novelties in neckwear, 
undergarments, fancy articles of gents' wear, and a 
complete assortment of men's furnishing goods. 
Four polite and efficient clerks are employed, and, 
altogether, a very large and substantial trade is 
done. 



120 



CJTV OF WASHINGTON. 



Samuel Lloyd, Inventor and Patentee of 
Lloyd's Patent Ventilating Window- Awning, No. 
438' Seventli Street, N. \V.— One of tlie leading 
manufacturers in Washington of awnings, tents, 
wagon-covers, and every description of canvas ar- 
ticles is Mr. Samuel Lloyd, of No. -loS Seventh 
street, N. W., wlio first established this busii.ess in 
1886, and althoiigli of recent origin it lias been the 
recipient of a very large and iniluential patronage. 
His store and otiices are handsomely litted up and 



Xo^ 





thoroughly equipped with every convenience neces- 
sary to conduct the large and rapidly increasing 
business. He carries a large line of materials of 
the very best manufacture and emplovs none but 
the most proficient and experienced workmen. In 
the department of awnings lie has mastered and 
overcome all the technical difficulties in their ar- 
chitectural planning, and is very seldom equaled 
and never excelled in his endeavors to please, while 
few manufacturers, if any, in this country enjoy such 
superior facilities. He is the inventor and patentee 
of Lloyd's patent ventilating window-awning, which 
in itself is a triumph of genius, skill, and science. 
It is the only awning that will give complete pro- 
tection from the sun and ventilate the room at the 
same time. A reduction of at least ten degrees in 
temperature is guaranteed. "The current of hot 
air that is formed under the cover of the awning in 
ascending past the lintel of the Mindow creates a 
vacuum that draws the heated air out of the apart- 
ment. In very hot and calm weather tlie greater 
the benefit derived from the use of this awning. It 
can also be tiirown out at the top and used as a re- 
flector to throw light into a dark room and can be 
lowered under the lintel and drawn in close out of 
a storm in the same way as an old-style awning." 
Simple and easy in its management and construc- 
tion, it is plainly evident that it will soon super- 
sede the old style, wliicli can ea.sily be altered to 
the new invention. Tiiose who have used his ven- 
tilating awning in this city speak of it in the high- 
est praise, and physicians have recommended its 



use to invalids as being a perfect ventilator. Mr. 
Lloyd is a native of Philadelphia, but has carried 
on business in Washington for twenty-five years, is 
personally very popular, and enjoys tiie fullest con- 
fidence of tlie comnuniity. Mr. Lloyd is also sole 
agent in Washington for the " perfect hand fire 
extinguisher." It is a hand syringe containing one 
quart of chemical fluid whiuii absolutely extin- 
guishes fire. It contains no acid or nothing to in- 
jure the finest fabrics. It is safe, sure, simple, and 
always ready, and a child can use it. Besides, its 
cost is a mere trifle. Millions of dollars could have 
been saved from destruction by fire in all the great 
recent tires that have swept away some of the finest 
blocks and buildings in several of our cities had 
this simple extinguisher been on liand to use when 
the fire was first discovered. Ko farm, business, 
or private house, hotels, places of amusement, 
schools, or even churches, should be without a 
supply of these perfect hand fire extinguishers. 
Sold at twelve dollars per dozen. 

The Capital Steam Laundry, No. 512 

Eighth Street, N. W., J. Schaaft" and Miss A. E. 
Chase. — One of the most extensive and popular 
laundries in the city, and which has a high rejjuta- 
tion for doing first-class work and has the " lion's 
share" of the fine work of families resident in the 
city, is the Capital Steam Laundry. This CTiterprise 
was founded in 1870 (m F street, between Ninth 
and Tenth streets, and five years ago was removed 
to its present location. The premises occupied 
comprise two buildings, one fronting on Eighth 
street and the other situated in the rear. The 
front structure is three stories high and 25x70 
feet in dimensions. The rear building is of similar 
height and measures 30x60 feet. The best me- 
chanical appliances incident to the business are in 
operation, driven by a steam engine of ten and a 
steam boiler of twenty-five horse-powers. In the 
various departments a staff of forty assistants are 
employed and the utmost care is exercised in the 
washing and ironing of fabrics, and notably of 
shirts, collars, and cuffs. Orders for work have 
prompt attention. The proprietors, J. L. 
Schaafl'and Miss A. E. Chase, have had long expe- 
rience at tiie business. 

M. E. Shipley, Dealer in Boots and Shoes, 
No. 205 Pennsylvania Avenue, S. E. — Mr. j\L E. 
Shipley first began business on his own account 
fifteen years ago on D street, where he remained 
until a few months ago, when he removed to his 
present premises. The store has a frontage of 25 
feet and a dei)th of 80 feet, and it is attractively fitted 
up and provided with every ajjpliance for the success- 
ful prosecution of the business. The stock is a large 
and well-selected one, and embraces everything novel 
and fashionable in tlie linesof boots, shoes, si ijipers, 
and rubbers for men, boys, ladies, misses, and chil- 
dren, and these are offered at prices which cannot 
be excelled, if equaled, by any other boot and slioe 
concern in the city. Custom work and repairing 
form a leading feature in the business, and the 
boots and shoes produced to order at this liouse 
combine elegance, comfort, and durability. A 
staflT of competent hands is employed, and all 
work is executed under the personal supervision of 
Mr. Shipley, who is a practical shoemaker of long 
experience. He is a native of Maryland, and for 
the past twelve years has resided in Washington. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



121 



A. K. Duryee, Architect, No. 1006 F Street, 
N. W. — In tliis review we have already made some 
general remarks upon the cliaracter of those enter- 
prises which have done so much to promote the 
beauty of tliis city, and it becomes necessary to de- 
vote a brief space liere to that profession known as 
architect, the source from which emanated the 
first conception of tliose grand and imposing build- 
ings which decorate our capital and which have 
dotted our campania with beautiful and artis- 
tic dwellings. Among those who have made this 
their calling, special attention is given to Mr. 
A. ii. Duryee, architect, whose office is at No. 1006 
F street, N. W., where he started in 1880 and car- 
ried on business up to 1883, when he removed to 
Philadelphia, coming back a year ago to reoccupy 
the above place. Mr. Duryee received a thorough 
technical education, which, combined with the 
yiractical experience he has had since he started 
business, acquired for him an excellent patronage 
and the promise of permanent success in his call- 
ing. He is prepared to execute all commissions 
intrusted to him with utmost promptness and with 
fidelity to every detail of the subject, and his record 
in this respect has already won for him a name 
throughout the capital and vicinity. He occupies 
pleasant quarters and employs two assistants. Mr. 
Duryee has constructed many light, well-ventilated, 
healthy houses, public buildings, etc., among whicii 
we may mention tiie dwellings of Messrs. David \. 
Winson, Helphensiein & Frazier, and many others. 
He is a native of Connecticut and h:is resided in 
this city for the last eighteen years. The resi-- 
dences of Messrs. Helphenstein & Frazier are among 
the handsomest of Washington, D. C, being built 
of white marble and very pretty in design, with roof 
of green slate. Over the front door there is a poi-ch 
with roof covered with green slate also. They are 
finished in hard woods. There are oiien grates and 
handsome wood mantels, and, on the whole, the 
houses are very attractive and well arranged. 

G. Gr. C. Siinms, Pharmaceutist, corner of 
Fourteenth Street and New York Avenue. — One 
of the best known and most popular chemists and 
druggists in the city is Mr. G. G. C. Simms. His 
store, centrally and conveniently located on the 
corner of Fourteenth street and New York avenue, 
is handsomely fitted up with elegant show-cases, 
soda-water fountain, counters, etc., and is one of 
the most attractive places in its line in this popu- 
lous section of the city. The business was origi- 
nally founded in 1863 under the firm style of 
Sparks & Simms. Four years later Mr. Sparks 
retired, and Mr. Simms has ever since been the 
sole proprietor He was born in Washington, is a 
graduate and director of the National College of 
Pharmacy, and a member of the American Pharma- 
ceutical Association. Purity of drugs and chem- 
icals forms a specialty with Mr. Simms, and he car- 
ries in his stock a full and complete assortment of 
everything that [jroperly belongs to the business of 
the druggist and pharmacist, including first-cla^^s 
drugs and chemicals, standard pharmaceutical 
preparations and patent medicines, choice per- 
fumery and pomades, select toilet soaps and fancy 
articles, English hair, nail, and tooth brushes, 
hand mirrors, tooth washes, soaps, and powders, 
shoulder braces, and silk elastic stockings of all 
sizes, soda and mineral waters, etc. The greatest 
care and attention are paid to the compounding of 



physicians' prescriptions and family recipes, and 
Mr. Simms being a thoroughly educated druggist, 
customers can always rely ihat medicines will be 
prepared with accuracy and dispatch at any hour 
of the day or night. Mr. Simms is the manufac- 
turer of several s[)ecialties, among which may be 
mentioned Simms' Colognes, soda mint, and Simms'' 
koumiss. He employs four clerks, and has a patron- 
age large and influential in its character, a fact 
demonstrating that he is accorded the confidence 
and esteem of the public. 

James K. Probey, Carriage Manufacturer,. 
Repository, No. 1280 Thirty -second (High) Street; 
Factory, No. 3240 Prospect Avenue. — This gentle- 
man has been established in the above business 
during the past, eighteen years, and has become 
noted for the beauty, style, and excellence of work- 
manship of the various carriages and light wagons 
he turns out. The factory building, which is lo- 
cated at No. 3240 Prospect avenue, is a substantial 
structure 25x100 feet in size, having two fioors. It 
is divided into different departments, and ten 
skilled workmen are kept constantly employed. 
The repositoi-y, which is at No. 1230 Thirty -second 
street, is also 25x100 feet in dimensions, and con- 
tains many beautiful specimens of Mr. Probey's 
handiwork, including buggies, phaetons, and car- 
riages of every description, and light wagons for 
the road, driving, and traveling. The Wren cele- 
t)rated truck is used on all heavy spring wagons for 
business purposes, and is highly esteemed for dura- 
bility and safety. Connected with the factory is a 
repair dejiartment which is under the supervision 
of tlie proprietor, who gives particular attention to 
i-epairing and painting and trimming carriages, 
light wagons, etc. Mr. l-'robey, who is a native of 
the District of Columbia, is well and favorably 
known throughout tlie community. Mr. Probey 
also conducts a repository for carriages of al 1 de- 
scriptions of his own manufacture, and the better 
class of work from the most celebrated manufac- 
turers of tlie country, at the corner of New Y'ork 
avenue and Sixth street. This repository is 35x80 
feet in dimensions, two stories in height, and con- 
tains tiie best and largest stock of spring wagons, 
harness, buggies, and carriages of the latest styles 
in the city. 

Mrs. M. Blircli, Dealer in Dry and Fancy 
Goods, etc.. No. 1602 Seventh Street^ N. W.— This 
attractive and successful business enterprise was 
founded seven years ago by the present proprie- 
tress, who is a lady of high business attainments, 
and who makes a success of every undertaking at- 
tempted by her. The stock displayed is large and 
complete in every line dealt in, including the best 
articles of foreign and domestic manufacture in dry 
and fancy goods, felts, worsteds, embroidery mate- 
rial, etc., and all the latest styles are represented. 
A specialty is made of embroidery and stamping, 
and designs, estimates, etc., are furnished customers. 
Stamping patterns are supplied in variety and in 
the most artistic designs. Pinking and stamping 
are done to order on reasonable terms. Mrs. Burch 
employs three competent assistants and enjoys a 
large city and suburban trade. Mrs. Burch is a 
native of New Y'ork and has lived in Washington 
since 1861. She is a lady of admirable accom- 
])lishment and has demonstrated fully her abilitj" 
t) successfully conduct a mercantile enterprise. 



122 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



William F. "Lxitz, Rubber Stamps, Engraver 
on Wood and Metal, No. tJo2 G Street, N. W.— 
Mr. William F. Liitz, engraver on wood and metal 
and manufacturer of rubber stamps, is deserving of 
very favorable mention in the pages of this review. 
The enterprise was inaugurated in 1872 by the 
present proprietor, whose experience dates back 
many years, and to wliom belongs the distinction of 
having, in 18o5, made the first rub})er type pro- 
duced in this country. Born in (iermany, he 
crossed the ocean in 1860 and located in Philadel- 
phia, Chicago, and Baltimore, from whence he 
came to Washington, and started in business for 
himself in 1873. The premises occupied are spa- 
cious and conveniently arranged, and tiie provision 
of tools, appliances, and other accessories is such 
that orders of any magnitude are executed in the 
promptest and most reliable manner. Mr. Lutz 
gives his attention to engraving of every descrip- 
tion on wood and metal, such as advertising illus- 
trations or posters, wedding and visiting cards, 
steel stamps and alphabets, regalias, emblems, and 
jewels for lodges and societies, etc., and stands with- 
out a superior as a manufacturer of rubber stamps 
and kindred productions. A large and complete 
stock is kept constantly on hand, including wax 
seals and seal presses and dating and plain stamps 
of all patterns, and all work turned out by this es- 
tablishment is thoroughly artistic and eminently 
satisfactory. Mr. Lutz receives the patronage of 
all the departments of the United States Govern* 
ment, doing the major portion of the work which 
they require and commanding general favor on ac- 
count of the finished character of his services. The 
trade of the house comes from all quarters of the 
country. Mr. Lutz is now, and has been for the 
last eight years, employed as one of the most skill- 
ful engravers for the (lovernment in the Bureau of 
Engraving and Printing, while the office business 
tinder his own supervision is now conducted by A. 
G. Lvitz, his son, a young gentleman of marked 
abilities as an engraver. 

Suiimel W. Aug-enstein, Wholesale Dealer 
in China, Glass, and Crockeryware, Housefurnish- 
ings, Baby-Carriages,Trunks, Toys, etc., Nos 817,819 
and 821 Seventh Street, N. W. — The housefurnish- 
ing trade of the city of Washington is well 
represented by Mr. Samuel W. Augenstein, who oc- 
cupies two stores at Nos. 817, 819, and 821 Seventh 
street, in the northwestern section of the city. 
These extensive salesrooms, each 25x110 feet in 
dimensions, are connected witli each other, and both 
af-e fitted up in creditable and tasteful style and 
are completely filled with a heavy and attractively 
arranged stock of china, glass and crockeryware, 
kitchen utensils, bric-a-brac, mantel ornaments, 
lamps, and lampgoods, cutlery of foreign and domes- 
tic manufacture, bird-cages, haby-carriages, trunks, 
valises, satchels, hand-bags, purses, toys, wooden- 
ware, brooms, and an exhaustive assortment of 
housefurnishings and fancy articles of every de- 
scription. A specialty is made of the broom and 
woodenware departments, and tiieassortmentshown 
is of a very superior nature. Both a wholesale 
and retail trade is carried on, the house having a 
trade tliat reaches throughout Maryland and the 
District. A staff of eight active salesladies are em- 
ployed in the establishment. The business of this 
house was founded ten years ago by Mr. Augenstein, 
Mr. Samuel W. Augenstein succeeding to the own- 



ership in ISSo. This gentleman was born in New 
York city and came to Washington fifteen years 
ago to assume control of his present business, and 
is a gentleman of vast practical experience in his 
line of trade. 

E. B. Bury, Pharmacist, Manufacturer of 

Perfumery, Flavoring P^xtracts, Essences, etc., cor- 
nerof Eleventh Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, S. 
E. — The reliable pharmacy of Mr. E. B. Bury has 
been for a decade and a half one of the leading en- 
terjirises of its kind in the city. Mr. Bury has had 
long and mature experience, is a gentleman of rare 
professional skill, and his management is as popular 
as it is careful and liberal. The elegantly ap- 
pointed store is l')x40 feet in dimensions, provided 
with every facility anti convenience for the proper 
prosecution of affairs, and contains at all times a 
large and complete stock of pure drugs, chemicals, 
standard proprietary and family remedies, pharma- 
ceutical preparations, fancy and toilet articles, and 
druggists' sundries of every description. The 
goods are purchased from the most reputable 
sources, selected with care and judgment, and cus- 
tomers receive a distinct gviarantee as to the quality 
of everything handled and sold. The prescription 
department is managed with consummate ability 
and is accorded a large and influential patronage. 
The work is in the hands of expert pharmacists 
and accuracy and precision obtain in every de- 
tail. Orders receive prompt attention at any hour 
of the day or night, and the charges are always 
just and reasonable. Mr. Bury is a nuinufacturer 
of perfumery, flavoring extracts, essences, etc., and 
his productions have secured a deserved popularity 
on account of their imiform superiority. Mr. 
I'ury is a native of the District of Columbia, a 
member of the National College of Pharmacy and 
of the American Pharmaceutical Association. For 
the convenience of patrons and the public a branch 
is conducted at No. 300 East Capitol street. 

John G. Slater, Dealer in Furniture, Carpets, 
Oil-Cloths, Matting, etc., Nos. 310 and312 Pennsyl- 
vania Avenue, S. E. — Mr. John G. Slater, dealer 
in furniture, carpets, oil-cloths, and housefurnishing 
goods, enjoys the distinction of being the first in 
the business to introduce the system of installment 
payments into the District of Colimibia, a feature 
that has since been adopted by the less progressive 
concerns in this line here. Mr. Slater, who is 
a native of Virginia and a resident of Washing- 
ton since 1876, established himself in business in 
the city about seven years ago, starting on Seventh 
street, N. W., where he continued for one year, 
moving toC street, N. E., Avhere he remained up to 
September, 188(3, and then moved to the jiresent de- 
sirable location, and here he has built up an exten- 
sive and flourishing trade and handles an excellent 
and reliable line of goods. The premises occupied com- 
prise a 32xl50-footstructure, running through from 
Pennsylvania avenueto B street, and a heavy and su- 
perior stock is carried, embracing plain and artistic 
furniture of all kinds, parlor and chamber suits, 
carpets, oil-cloths, mattings, rugs, mirrors, bedding, 
and a full and fine assortment of housefurnishing 
goods, sales being made for cash or on the in.stall- 
ment plan when desired by purchasers. vSeveral 
efiicient assistants are employed, while a wagon is 
in steady service delivering orders all over the city 
and suburbs. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



VIZ 



E. Morrison, Wholesale Dealer in Paper, 
Blank-Books, Paper Bags, Twines, etc., Nos. 805 and 
807 D Street,N. W . — This reliable house was founded 
by Mr. Morrison nineteen years ago. His trade now 




extends throughout the District of Coiumbia and 
Maryland, and also in the neighboring States. 
The premises occupied comprise a superior store 
and basement, 40x100 feet in dimensions, fully 
equipped with every facility and appliance for the 
accommodation of the large and valuable stock. 
The assortment includes all descriptions of paper 
blank-books, paper bags, twines, confectioners' 
boxes, etc., which are absolutely unsurpassed. Mr. 
Morrison was the first wholesale dealer in paper in 
Washington, D. C. He is one of the inventors of 
"The Morrison & Herron Paper Tester," which 
was patented in the United States January 15th, 
1884, and likewise is now protected by letters 
patent in foreign countries. The accompanying 
diagrams show " The Morrison & Herron Paper 
Tester." The attention of the paper trade is 
invited to the Morrison & Herron paper tester, 
thickness, gauge, and weighing beam, three macliines 
in one. This is the only machine yet invented by 
which the relative weight, thickness, and strength 
of paper can be accurately tested and determined. 
It tests the strength of the paper on a new princi- 
ple, breaking the fabric within the edges of the 
sheet. It gives the weight to two hundred pounds 
to the ream, the strength to one hundred and 
seventy-two pounds to the inch, and the tfiickne.ss 
to the one-sixteen-thousandth of an inch. The 
machine differs from all others heretofore invented 
in the following prominent particulars: It gives 
the weight, thickness, and strength of paper, either, 
or all, as may be desired. It is the first machine 
ever presented to the trade by which the thickness 
of paper could be determined, it indicates the least 
variation of thickness, and thus enables an accurate 
comparison between different sheets both as to 
thickness and strength. It can be applied with 
perfect accuracy, as to weight, thickness, and 
strength, to a smaller piece of paper than can be 
tested by any other machine. AH tlie tests can be 
applied to a piece of paper three inches square. 
It indicates with the greatest nicety the slightest 
variation or inequality in the thickness of paper, 
and enables a test as to the thickness and strength 
of a sheet to be made, at all points, without cutting 
into strips or destroying its form. By its use the 
manufacturer working upon orders is enabled to 
obtain the exact thickness of his paper, to secure 
uniformity of thickness in all parts of the web, and 
to detjermine the weight and strength of tiie paper 
while in piocess of manufacture, thus allowing him 
to perfect his processes and make accurate com- 



parison by actual tests as to weight, thickness, and 
strength with the order sample upon which he is 
running. It will enable dealers and consumers to 
determine whether paper delivered is in weight, 
thickness, and strength equal to the sample upon 
which the order was given, thus preventing disputes 
or litigation as to quality, or if differences on these 
points exist, affording a ready, impartial, and 
accurate means of determining what these differ- 
ences are. The Morrison *4 Herron tester obtained 
widespread notoriety through the press soon after 
it was patented, and within the past few months 
by its having been adopted by the Post-(Jffice 
Department as the standard in testing the strength 
and thickness of goods furnished under contract 
with the Government and upon which tests large 
quantities of envelopes and paper were recently 




rejected and old contracts canceled and new ones 
made. Tliis machine is now in use in most of the 
Departments in Washington, and in the mills and 
offices of several of the largest manufacturers and 
dealers in the country, and gives entire satisfaction. 
Full directions accompany each machine, wliose 
I)rice, securely boxed and shipped, is $150. This 
splendid paper tester is highly commended by Mr. 
William Whiting, of the Whiting Paper Company, 
one of the largest manufacturers of wriiing paper in 
the world, and also by Messrs. A. M. Collins, Son & 
>Co., of Phihidelpiiia, the leading card and card- 
board makers of the country. They are likewise 
used and appreciated by Carter, Rice & Co., of 
Boston, Mass. ; Holyoke Paper Company, Holyoke, 
Mass.; The Powers Paper Company, Springfield, 
Mass, and White, Corbin & Co., Rockville, Conn. 

William J. Bacon, General Engraver and 
Designer, No. 935 Pennsylvania Avenue. — Among 
the skillful and efficient engravers on metal may be 
mentioned Mr. William J. Bacon, of No. 935 Penn- 
sylvania Avenue, who started business in 1885. 
Mr. Bacon is a gentleman of great experience and 
is a tiiorough master of his profession. He spent 
a number of years in the employ of Messrs. Harris 
& Schafer, jewelers, of this city, where he did all 
their fine engraving and designing. In this charac- 
ter of work some of the " specimens to be seen at 
his office are of the very finest order. His work- 
shop is spacious and is well fitted up, being equipped 
with the necessary facilities for doing all kinds of 
fine designing and engraving, such as that of build- 
ings, machinery, color work, autographs, picture 
work, catalogues, cuts, etc., and since its inception 
Mr. Bacon has done an extensive trade in and 
around the capital, his productions and his rea- 
sonable prices giving entire satisfaction to his nu- 
merous patrons. Mr. Bacon is a native of Boston. 



.124 



CITY OF IV A SUING TON 



Lansburgli & Brother, Dry Goods, Cloaks, 
and Fancy Goods, Nos. 420, 422, 424. and 42G !Sev- 
enth Street, N. W. — As one of the great centres of 
trade in the United States, Washington has of re- 
cent years made rapid and substantial progress in 
every branch of mercantile activity, but in no 
sphere on a scale of such magnitude as in that of 



sive and influential circles of customers in the coun- 
try. Messrs. Lansburgh tt Brother are typical 
American merchants, wliose close application to 
business and talented ajipreciation of ihe wants of 
tiie public, combined with equitable dealings in all 
transactions, are the bases upon which they liave 
built up their reputation and business, their palatial 




dry and fancy goods. One of the leading and rep- 
resentative houses engaged in the dry goods trade 
in this city is that of Messrs. Lansburgh & Brother, 
whose extensive establishment is centrally and eli- 
gibly located at Nos. 420 to 42() Seventh street, N.AV. 
This progressive house was founded by the pre-;- 
cnt })roprictors in ISGl, and since its inception at 
that date they have built up one of the most exten- 



store being a lasting source of credit to themselves 
and to Washington, in which it is so permanently 
located. Tiie i)remises occupied are spacious and 
comprise a splendid live-story building 80x220 feet 
in dimensions. The interior is fitted up and fur- 
nislied in keeping with the correct taste and sound 
judgment of the proj)rietors. No pains or expense 
have been spared that skill and capital can devise 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



125 



to make it complete in all its appointments, in- 
cluding elevators, electric lights, automatic cash 
system, etc. So far as the character of the stock 
and its extent are concerned, it may be stated that 
it is unsurpassed by that of any other contemporary 
concern, it embraces a diversity simply impos- 
sible to describe in dress goods, from the cheapest 
prints to tlie most expensive silks, satins, velvets, 
etc. Here, for instance, in the silk department, 
we find every color and shade at present fashion- 
able, including some of the most beautiful silks 
ever imported, which are offered at astonishingly 
low prices. In the dress department of Messrs. 
Lansburgh & Brother ladies have always found 
the greatest variety from which to make selections. 
The suit and cloak department is likewise a great 
attraction and is famous far and wide. The stock 
also includes ladies' and gentlemen's furnishing 
goods, hosiery, linens, woolens, cottons, and mixed 
articles of every description, fancy notions, books, 
stationery, etc., all quoted at the firm's uniformly 
low prices. The goods of this responsible house 
have no superiors in this or any other market. 
One hundred and eighty salesladies, salesmen, etc., 
are employed, who are noted for their courtesy and 
obliging manners. Messrs. Lansburgh & Brother 
are both natives of Hamburg, Germany, but have 
resided in Washington for the last quarter of a 
century, where they are highly esteemed for their 
business ability, enterprise, and integrity. All their 
operations are conducted witli a scrupulous regard 
for the interests of patrons, and business relations 
entered into with this firm are certain to become as 
pleasant as they will be profitable and satisfactory 
to all concerned. 

Franz Friedrich, Manufacturing Jeweler 
and Engraver, Factory and Oiiice, No. 520 Tenth 
Street, between E and F Streets. — In the manufac- 
ture of jewelry, engraving, and the setting and mak- 
ing of diamond articles, Mr. F. Friedrich has gained 
■considerable distinction during the time he has 
been in business. Mr. Friedrich was born in 
Germany thirty-two years ago, and at an early age 
was sent by his parents to Rome, Italy, to study the 
art of designing in the Reale Acadewia Romana di 
San Luca, and to complete his trade in making 
Roman and precious stones, jewelry, diamond set- 
ting, enameling, and engraving, under the direction 
of the weil-known master, Castellani. He re- 
mained there five years, and then obtained employ- 
ment as a ])ractical workman in all the principal 
cities of Italy and a portion of Germany. He 
came to this country in 1880, and established his 
business in this city in 1882. At No. 520 Tenth 
street, N. W., he occupies a spacious and hand- 
somely appointed store 26x100 feet in dimensions, 
and possesses every facility for the manufacture of 
jewelry, including all the latest improved tools and 
machinery. This is unquestionably the finest man- 
ufacturing and engraving establishment in the city 
of Washington. An experience of eighteen years 
has enabled Mr. Friedrich to perform all classes of 
work in first-class style. All engraving, designing, 
diamond setting, and jewelry manufacturing is done 
in his own factory. He keeps no stock of jewelry, 
but manufactures anything in this line to order at 
short notice. Among his specialties are diamonds, 
opals, moonstones, pearls, rubies, sapphires, etc., 
artistic jewelry for presentation, including prizes 
for academies, schools, rowing, rifle, shooiing, and 



all athletic sports, society and club badges, medals, 
and pins, also badges for military, odd pieces of 
jewelry made of gold or silver from designs fur- 
nished" by customers, plain and flat band rings 
made to order, old gold and silver taken in exchange, 
or, if desired, will use same gold or silver in making 
any article of jewelry, monograms, inscriptions, in- 
itials, names, crests, coats-of-arms, etc., engraved on 
jewelry, watches, silver, and silver-plated ware, dog 
collars, canes, etc., monograms designed for em- 
broideries, metal plates for inscriptions of gold, sil- 
ver, brass, nickel, etc., of every variety and design 
made and engraved, gold and diamond jewelry re- 
paired and altered and lost parts I'eplaced in the 
best possible manner. He formerly operated a 
branch store on Ninth street, but has given it up, 
and now has all his business on Tenth street. 

J. F. McKenney, Sewing-Machines, No. 
427 Ninth Street, N. W.— Mr. J. F. McKenney has 
had many years' experience as a dealer in sewing- 
machines and is familiar with all the various sew- 
ing.-machines that are manufactured. He is the 
agent for the renowned "New White," the "Auto- 
matic Silent White," the "Household," the " New 
Home," the "Domestic," and the "Boston" ma- 
chines, which are pronounced among the best in 
the world and are held in the highest estimation 
by all who use them. Mr. McKenney furnishes 
these machines at manufacturers' prices and also 
on easy monthly payments. He also rents and re- 
pairs sewing-machines, and is especially engaged 
in dealing in all the different machines made by 
the best manufacturers in the country. His estab- 
lishment is also known as the " Universal Pattern 
House," from which is issued the album of fashions, 
and is also the headquarters for paper patterns, 
which will be sent to any address on receipt of 
price. Mr. McKenney also conducts a large sewing- 
machine establishment at No. 136 West Fayette 
street, Baltimore. The business has been estab- 
lished in that city thirty years and in Washington 
I since 1879. Mr. McKenney is from Maine, origi- 
I nally, .-md resides in Baltimore. Mr. J. B. Rich- 
mond is manager of the Washington office. 

James H. Marr, Real Estate and Insurance 
Agent, No. 936 F Street, N. W. — A prominent, re- 
liable, and representative establishment in the real 
estate business is that of Mr. James H. Marr. This 
house was originally established in 1878, and in 
1885 he disposed of his interest to Mr. Duvall. 
Mr. Marr was formerly a member of the firm of 
Duvall & 'Marr. He employs six assistants and 
is carrying on an excellent business as a general 
real estate and insurance agent. He buys, sells, 
leases, rents, and exchanges real estate of all kinds, 
negotiates loans and mortgages, advances money to 
builders, collects rents, takes entire charge of 
estates, secures responsible tenants, places insur- 
ance, and maintains all property placed in his 
charge at the highest standard of productive effi- 
ciency. On his booi<s will at all times be found a 
large list of the most desirable city and country 
property. Mr. Marr is agent for the Royal In- 
surance Company, of Liverpool, representing that 
institution's interests in the District, and eflt?cts 
insurance on the most favorable terms. Mr. Man- 
was born in Washington. He is a member of the 
Board of Real Estate. 



126 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



J. D. Free, Jr., Books and Stationery, Card 
Engraver, and Plate Printing, No. IJMS F Street, 
opposite Ebbitt House. — A leading and thoroughly 
representative establishment in tlie book, station- 
ery, and engraving trade of Washington is that of 
Mr. J. 1). Free, Jr., splendidly located at No. 1343 
F street, opposite the Ebbitt House. It has done 
its full share toward promoting intelligence and 
culture in all departments of literary efibrt. TJiis 
enterprise was inaugurated ten years ago by Mr. 
Free, who saw in the industry which he represents 
an inviting field for the display of his energy and 
business talent. A special and peculiar feature of 
this house is the Mude system of delivery and col- 
lection of library books and magazines at the 
residences of subscribers in Washington daily, and 
in Georgetown every Tuesday, Thursday, and Sat- 
urday; also special arrangements are made for the 
delivery of books to subscribers at a distance, 
this house being the only one in Washington offer- 
ing such facilities to the public free of charge. 
The premises consist of a fine store 25x100 feet, 
and a spacious basement of equal dimensions, used 
for purposes of storage. The stock of books, which 
embraces about four thousand volumes, contains 
works from tlie pens of the best authors, American 
and foreign, the latter including the choicest efforts 
of ancient and modern writers. Many rare and 
valuable books appear on the shelves, and there is 
scarcely a subject of either past or contempora- 
neous interest which is not touched upon. All the 
latest magazines, reviews, and periodicals are kept 
in full supply, and a special feature is made of a 
circulating library, which has hundreds of subscrib- 
ers, and is a source of great profit to all who avail 
themselves of the advantages it offers. The sta- 
tionery department is filled to repletion with a 
splendid assortment of foreign and domestic 
goods, comprising every article for which there is 
any demand, and exhibiting all the latest styles 
and novelties in writing-papers, andother produc- 
tions coming under the general classification of sta- 
tionery. Pui'chases are made with judgment ;md 
taste from the best-known manufacturers and im- 
porters, and the wide and desirable range of selec- 
tion placed at the disposal of patrons makes it a 
positive pleasure to deal at tlie establishment of 
Mr. Free. Engraving is done in the most artistic 
and satisfactory manner, a specialty being made of 
wedding and other cards, for the execution of which 
every facility is possessed. The trade is both 
wholesale and retail, and in addition to a heavy 
demand in the District orders are regularly re- 
ceived from Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, 
New York, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and other West- 
ern and Southern States. Mr. Free is a native of 
Washington, a liberal and enterprising gentleman, 
and holds the resjiect and confidence of his cus 
tomers and the public generally. 

John J. Costinett, Merchant Tailor, No. 
635 (4 Street, N. W. — Among the well-known na- 
tive residents of Washington is Mr. John J. Costi- 
nett, the popular merchant tailor, who is located at 
No. 635 Ct street, N. W. Mr. Costinett has had 
many years' experience in this business, and several 
years ago he established the store now occupied, and 
whicli has become quite a favorite resoi-t for a large 
portion of the community. In size it is 20x40 feet, 
and is provided with every convenience for business 
purposes, and well stocked with a choice assortment 



of goods in the piece, from which selections may be 
made. Mr. Costinett is a scientific cutter, and a 
thorough, careful workman, and never fails to give 
perfect satisfaction lo those who favor him with 
tiieir patronage. He also has connected with his 
store a repairing, cleaning, dyeing, and renovating 
department for clothing, guaranteeing to do all 
work in the highest styles of the art. Mr. Costinett 
is a popular gentleman and is an earnest worker in 
several beneficial and charitable institutions of our 
city, and stands high in the estimation of all who 
know him. 

J. G. Meyers, Ai-chitect, OflSce, No. 711 G 
Street, N. W., first floor. — Prominent among the 
principal architects who share in the credit of 
Washington's architectural beauty is Mr. J. G. 
Meyers. This gentleman is a native of Nazareth, 
Pa., and learned his profession there under able 
tuition. With a preliminary practical experience 
of five years he came to Washington, an i in 1871 
established his professional practice in this city. 
Since then he has designed and carried through to 
completion several of the most important public 
buildings, business structures, and private mansions 
constructed since that period. He has achieved 
great success both as regards exterior elegance and 
the equally important details of the interior, em- 
bodying in all his plans all the requirements and 
suggestions of the owners. He closely follows out 
specifications in supervising construction, and in 
every possible way subserves his patrons' best inter- 
ests. For references Mr. Meyers has permission to 
mention the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Odd Fellows' 
Hall, and the following prominent gentlemen, 
whose private palatial residences were designed by 
him: Colonel Thompson, W. Stickney, Judge C. 
Nott, Chris. Kuppert,(TeneralHazen, and numerous 
others. He employs three efficient assistants, and his 
field of patronage extends throughout the District 
and the adjoining localities. 

H. D. Barr, Importer and Tailor, No. 1111 
Pennsylvania Avenue. — Mr. H. D. Barr, who is one 
of the representative citizens and businessman of 
Wasliington, is a Bostonian by birth, but has been 
a resident at the capital since l.'^OG, engaged in 
business as an importer and tailor. He was for- 
merly a member of the firm of Kelly & Barr, but 
since 1879 Mr. Barr has had entire control of it 
and has not only made many friends, but has be- 
come distinguished as one of the leaders of gentle- 
men's fashions and as a correct designer and scien- 
tific cutter of gentlemen's wearing apparel. He has 
a very desirable location on Pennsylvania avenue, 
occupying a handsomely fitted up store, presenting 
a front of 20 with a depth of 80 feet. All the new 
styles and fashionable designs in fine imported 
woolens, cassimeres, suitings, etc., are to be found 
upon his counters, so that those wlio desire to keep 
pace with tlie changes in the fashions and styles 
can find what they want at this popular establish- 
ment. Mr. Barr also designs, cuts, and makes 
military and naval uniforms, and as a merchant 
tailor stands in the front rank among the most 
fashionable in the city. He is a gentleman popu- 
lar in business and social circles, and is a member 
of the National Rifle Corps, and an honorable mem- 
ber of the Columbia Boat Club and of the Washing- 
ton Light Infantry Corps. 



LEADIXG MANUFACTURERS AXD MERCHANTS. 



The Arling-ton Fire Insurance Com- 
pany for tlie District of Columbia, 

Office, No. 1505 Pennsylvania Avenue, north of 
United States Treasury. — The subject of insurance 
is one which concerns every member of the commu- 
nity, and the Arlington Fire Insurance Company, 
which occupies a very prominent position among 
the other insurance companies of the city, is in 
more than one respect entitled to mention in this 
publication. From its incorporation in 1872 to the 
present time the career of the company, under care- 
ful, conservative management, has proved a success- 
ful one in the highest sense, and its losses have 
been promptly paid in every case, except where 
there has been an intentional fraud upon the part 
of the policy-holder. In fact, with a plain and 
easily understood form of policy, the Arlington has 
made the prompt adjustment of its losses a leading 
feature, and to this it owes much of its success. 
The affairs of the company, as is evidenced by their 
statement of December 31st, 1885, are managed by 
sound financial judgment and by men wlio are 
thoroughly conversant with every detail of success- 
ful insurance. The statement is as follows: Assets, 
$284,273.91); liabilities, $264,273.99. The chief 
executive officers of the company are : Walter S. 
Cox, president; William King, vice-president; C. 
B. Maury, treasurer; Frank T. Kawlings, secretnry, 
all of whom have had long experience in insurance 
matters, and which has enabled them to bring their 
company to its present advanced position. The 
Board of Directors is representative of thorough 
business ability, reliability, and success, and is com- 
posed of the following gentlemen, besides tlie presi- 
dent and vice-president: Messrs. William King 
(of the firm of William King & Co., coal mer- 
chants) ; William Gait, jeweler ; William K. Riley, 
dry go;)ds merchant ; Charles Edmonston, builder ; 
S. Thomas Brown, dry goods merchant; F. L. 
Moore, merchant, and Drs. J. W. H. Lovejoy and 
W. W. Johnston. 

Wm. W. Vaug-lian, Glass Stainer, No. 602 
D Street and No. 603 Louisiana Avenue, N. W. — 
Tiie present taste for stained and colored glass in 
churches and dwellings has made its production 
one of great importance in every large community. 
The only house in this line in Wasliington is that 
of Mr. Wm. W. Vaughan, located at Nos. 602 D 
street and 603 Louisiana avenue, N. W. This gen- 
tleman has had a large practical experience as a 
glass stainer, and is prepared to furnish cathedral 
glass in lead sash for church and dwelling windows, 
and to decorate in every style, both ancient and 
modern, domes, skylights, and transoms, with 
fruits, flowers, emblems, landscapes, figures, etc., in 
the highest and best style of the art. He estab- 
lished his business here in 1859, and has conducted 
it with marked ability and steadily increasing suc- 
cess. He occupies two floors and a basement 25x60 
feet each, and carries a splendid line of colored 
glass in stock, comprising new and artistic designs 
in both domestic and imported products. Win- 
dows and doors for churches, iialls, public and 
^jrivate buildings, are furnished in both modern 
and medieval styles, artists being employed for the 
purpose. Memorial windows are also designed 
and executed with the finest results. Work is ex- 
ecuted to order and sent to all parts of the country. 
As evidencing the skill and taste of Mr. Vaughan 
and las corps of expert workmen, attention is di- 



rected to the work performed upon the Capitol, 
St. Mary's Church, the Tabernacle Church, the 
West Presbyterian Church, the Endowment Build- 
ing, the Presbyterian chiu-ch in South Washington, 
and others in this vicinity. Inquiries are promptly 
answered and estimates furnished to applicants. 
Mr. Vaughan is a native of Ei)gland, but lias re- 
sided in this country since 1847, and is highly 
esteemed in this city for his energy, taste, and 
business reliability. 

Harvey L. Page, Architect, No. 1515 H 
Street. — One of our leading architects is Mr. Har- 
vey L. Page, who is a thorough master of the art 
in all its branches, having steadily won his way to 
public favor and confidence during the past ten 
years, by the uniform satisfaction rendered to his 
patrons. Mr. Page, who is a native of the District, 
started in business on liis own account as partner 
in the firm of Gray & Page in 1878, succeeding as 
sole proprietor in 1885, and has since practised it 
alone with eminent success. The ofiices are spa- 
cious and finely fitted up, and four capable and 
efficient assistants are employed, designs, plans, and 
all features pertaining to draughting and construc- 
tion being executed accurately and reliably, while 
estimates, plans, specifications, etc., are promptly 
furnished on any proposed work, and, altogether, a 
large and flourishing business is done. Mr. Page 
is a gentleman of the highest personal integrity as 
well as an excellent architect, and is well and favor- 
ably known throughout the District, among the 
notable buildings in Washington attesting his skill 
being the Albaugh Opera House, the Bichmond 
Flats, the Metropolitan Club House, the Washing- 
ton L. I. Armory, and numerous iiigh-class dwel- 
lings all over the city and suburbs. Among these 
are the residence of General J.AAVilliamson,F street 
between Seventeenth and Eighteenth streets; resi- 
dence of Hon. William A. Maury, Maryland ave- 
nue; residence of Mr. George E. Lemon, Si.xteenth 
street; residence of Mr. Henry Strous; residence 
of Admiral Crosby, Connecticut avenue; residence 
of Mr. Samuel MuUiken, Connecticut avenue; resi- 
dence of Mrs. C. A. Stanley, and residence of Dr. 
H. G. Beyer, and others. ^Ir. H. L. Page has 
also located a New York office, Nos. 206 and 207 
Temple court, and Mr. W. W. Kent is general man- 
ager. 

J. J. Appicll, Wholesale and Retail Dealer 
in Meats, Provisions, and Country Produce, No. 
312 Pennsylvania Avenue.— This business was 
founded in 1856 by Mr. John Shupert, who was 
succeeded by the present proprietor in 1870. The 
premises occupied for trade purposes comprise one 
floor 25x100 feet in dimensions, fitted up with re- 
frigerators for keeping the stock fresh and sweet, 
and affording ample accommodations for a Inrge 
and active trade. The stock embraces provisions 
and produce of every kind, including beef, pork, 
lard, hams, hog products, pigs' feet, sausages, tripe, 
poultrv, dried beef, and vegetables, all received 
fresh from the most reliable sources daily and sold 
at the lowest market prices. All the details of the 
business are under the personal supervision of the 
proprietor, who is pi-epared to treat customers with 
the greatest liberality, and furnish them with as 
good a quality of the aliove-named goods as can be 
purchased anywhere. Mr. Appich has resided iu 
Washington for many years. 



128 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



Professor G. W. WooUey, Patent Pre- 
mium Reservoir Attachment for Pens, No. 942 
r Street, 8. W.— The inventor and patentee of 
this superior pen is, and has been, a practicing 
physi(!ian for many years. He was born in Lu- 
zerne county, Pa., 'in 1808, pursued his medical 



studies at the Pennsylvania University, Philadel- 
phia, for a season, and graduated at the Ohio Med- , 
ical College, Cincinnati, O. He commenced the j 
practice of medicine in Ohio, and afterward pursued 
his practice in California. In 18()0 he returned 
East and settled in Washington, D. C, in 1863, 
where he has since resided most of the time. Hav- 
ing a natural inventive genius, quickened and de- 
veloped by a long course of study and practice in 
his profession, he invented his pen in 1860. In 
1884 he perfected his "patent premium reservoir 
attachment for pens," and obtained letters patent 
for the same in said year. Its advantages are as fol- 
lows : Cheapness— costing only one-twentieth to one- 
tenth the price of the best stylographic or fountain 
pen ; it can be used on any common pen, small or large, 
that is preferred ; it does not affect the pen's fineness 
or elasticity ; it does not get out of order, nor wear 
out. Its capacity for performing work, or writing 
so many words from one dip, is as twenty to one 
compared with the ordinary pen. It is indorsed 
by the following chirographers, whose opinions, 
after trial and long use, we beg leave to give our 
readers in their own words. 

United States Patent Office, Washington, 
November 23d, 1883. 
Professor G. W. Woolley : 

Dear Sir : I have used your Reservoir Attachment and i 
find it a complete success, and valuable adjunct to a pen. [ 
Respectfully, Ben.i. Bi:ttervvortii, i 

Commissioner of Patents. 

Rev. George S. Hare, D. D., in a notice of the Reser- \ 
voir in a Newark paper, remarked : " It tvorks likeadiarn. 
and saves so manv journeys to the ink stand that both | 
brain and hand are grateful for it. Dr. Woolley is a bene- 
factor in the pen line. ' ' j 

Dr. G. W. Woolley: Your Reservoir Attachment for 
pens supplies a lonq felt want. It is worth many times its 
price. Rev. J. D. Fox, Pastor M. E. Church, Phila. 

I have tried Professor G. W. Woolley's Reservoir At- 
tachment for pens, and can say that where much writing 
has to be done a great saving of time is cerlainly secured 
by the improvement. I coniiuenil its iisr ici writers. 

Thomas A. BecivIcu. Bi^hiii) of Wdiiiiiii/lou, Def. 

St. Paul's {Catholic) Church, Fourth and Jackson streets, 
Wilmington, Bel. 

Dr. G. W. Woolley: I have given your " Reservoir At- 
tachment " a thorough trial and find it a complete success 
and a great relief from the laborof writing with au ordinary 
pen. It will write pages from a single dip 

W. .1. Drummond, 

Dee. 12th, 1883. General Land Office, Wa<hinc/ton, D. C, 

I have faithfully tried many sorts of Fountain pens, 
but yoiu- Reservoir Attachment alone have I found to 
work with/M« satisfaction after a thorougli trial. 

Dec. I2th, 1883. Thankfully, W. II. (Jriosbv. 

General Land Office. 

Dr. G. W. Woolley: I am very much i)leased with your 
Attachment to my gold pen. I liave tried several " Foun- 
tain Pens, ' and afiven them up. This works iidmirably. 
Yours, very truly, Rev. D. W. FArxci;, D. 1)., 

Of the E Street Baptist Church. 



The Rev. James S. Ostrander, General Secretary Y. M. 
C. A., Newark, N. J., said : "The Reservoir, I think, must 
come into use among all classes of writers. With my gold 
pen it writes pages from a singledip, and saves time and labor, 
and prevents blots."' 

Captain Geo. W. Cooper, N. Y., says : " I have tried all 
the Fountains and Fountain Pens ever invented, and 
never before found one that satisfied me, but this is just 
the thing : it is a deeided institution, and mast supersede 
all otherfountains for pens in use." 

Surgeon-General's Office, Nov. 28th, 1884, 
Professor G. W. Woolley : I have given your Reservoir 
for pens a thorough trial, and I unhesitatingly pronounce 
it superior in every respect to any .stylographic or fountain 
pen, as I have used all kinds of them. 

Francis P. Hallowell. 

Washington, D. C. 
I And the Reservoir a very great help. It is a little thing 
but a great success. W. W. Dudley. 

Ex- Commissioner of Pensions. 

The exclusive right to supply all sales in a 
State or several States with the Patent Keservoir 
Attachment, and several other patented articles, 
will be granted, and power of attorney given to 
appoint agents on very liberal and profitable terms 
to responsible persons wishing to have control of a 
lucrative and pleasant business. 

Professor VVoolley is also an experienced educa- 
tor, and both by lectures and personal instruction 
in penmanship, bookkeeping, arithmetic, mensura- 
tion, grammar, elocution, and letter-writing prepares 
ladies and gentlemen for important and useful posi- 
tions in tiie different departments of our civil ser- 
vice. Indorsements : 

I The measure of gratitude and regard we feel for Profes- 
sorG. W. Woolley, who as a teacher of penmanship, book- 
keeping, etc., has rendered us personally, or through our 
children benefits which cannot be estimated in money. 
We know not how we could confer on the young people 
of this community a greater favor than to recommend 
them to enter upon a course of study under the direction 
of Professor Woolley. 

J. H. GROSSMAN, 712 12 Street, N. E. 

HENRY BRADSHAW, Post-Olfice. 

GEORGE BAFKR, 227 4V. .Street, S. W. 

LEWIS ROSENBAUM, INIerchant. 
Washington, D. C. 



J. W. Cruit, Manufacturer of and Wholesale 
and Retail Dealer in Confectionery, etc.. No. 419 
Seventh Street, N. W. — Mr. Cruit, wholesale and 
retail confectioner, maintains a high reputation for 
pure, wholesome, and fine goods. This flourishing 
business was established in 1881, and from its in- 
ception the enterprise has proved a positive and 
permanent success, the trade having grown so 
steadily and substantially as to justify tlie starting 
of a second store, wliich has also been attended 
with the most gratifying prosperity. The Seventh 
street establishment is 25x100 feet in dimensions, 
neatly fitted up and invitingly arranged, wiiile an 
ice-cream and refreshment parlor is mainttiined in 
the rear of the store, and an exceedingly fine 
stock is constantly carried, incltiding confectionery 
of every vtiriety, pure, fresh, and delicious in flavor, 
candies of all kinds, clioeolate creams, bon bons, 
caramels, i)l:iin and mixed candy, marsh mallows, 
molasses candy, jKistry, cake, etc. ; a specialty being 
the twenty-five cent per {)ouncl (•;tnily, wliicii is not 
equaled for qtiality and geiural excellence by any- 
thing of the kind at this price in the city. The 
manufacturing is done in the basement, which is 
well equip])eil, and .several expert hands are em 
ployed, a;id the trade, which is both wholesale and 
retail, extends all over the District. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



129 



Edsoil Brothers, Attorneys-at-Law, Solic- 
itors of American and Foreign Patents, and Coun- 
selors in Patent Cases, No. 917 F Street. — The 
importance of legal knowledge and experience has 
not been generally comprehended by inventors in 
connection with patent agencies. Decisions aliect- 
ing disputed rights will seldom be carried into the 
couris if the case is properly prepared in the first 
instance. The lawyer can foresee dangers and 
avoid them, discover imperfections and correct 
them, while the mere patent agent cannot. To 
write a specification that may obtain a patent may 
not make it secure against expensive and slow liti- 
gation. When an inventor sues for damages for 
an infringement of his patent, it is an important 
item to know that in one-half of such cases the in- 
ventor's letters-patent are declared defective and 
void, the objections frequently being founded upon 
some technical provision in the law, a defect which 
the lawyer would not have overlooked. Disclaim- 
ers and reissues need seldom occur if the applica- 
tion is properly prepared. A man wishing to 
manufacture or purchase an interest in a patent 
will take legal advice as to its title, and in some 
instances will find that although the patentee may 
have a substantial and meritorious invention, yet 
he may not have complied with all the require- 
ments of the law, and hence his patent will be 
found void. A patent lawyer would have complied 
with the law in the outset and thus have prevented 
the failure of the patent. It becomes at once man- 
ifest, therefore, that the invariably safe course for 
those seeking patents and all information and fea- 
tures pertaining thereto is to secure the services of 
some experienced lawyer making a specialty of this 
line of practice, and of such in this city attention 
is directed to Edson Brothers, attorneys-at-law, 
solicitors of American and foreign patents, and 
counselors in patent cases. No. 917 F street, than 
whom none engaged in this branch of the profes 
sion in Washington sustain a higher reputation for 
ability, sagacity, and integrity, as few if any enjoy 
a larger measure of recognition, numbering among 
their extensive clientele many of the foremost in- 
ventors and patentees in this country and Europe. 
This widely and honorably known firm was estab- 
lished in 1866, and from its inception has main- 
tained a record of steady and substantial progress. 
As to the standing of the firm, the following refer- 
ences amply attest what has already been stated, 
and place it far beyond the requirement of any 
meed of praise these pages could bestow. Among 
those who have commended Edson Brothers by 
letter are D. P. HoUoway, ex-commissioner of 
patents ; T. C. Theaker, ex-commissioner of patents ; 
John M. Thacher, late commissioner of patents. 
The appended statement will be found interesting 
to persons intending to apply for patents : "Our 
confidence in our ability to secure a patent, if the 
article be patentable at all, induces us to offer lib- 
eral terms, believing that while we can be just to 
ourselves we can also encourage the inventor by 
assuring him that he will not have to pay for what 
he does not receive, thus removing all unnecessary 
and sometimes embarrassing expenses before hav- 
ing any prospect of success. Our fee being depend 
ent upon success, the inventor will perceive that 
our best efforts will be given through every step, 
from the first examination to the final result." Pat- 
ents and patent law in all their features and phases 
are attended to, appeals, reissues, disclaimers, in- 



terferences, extensions, assignments, etc., personal 
attention being given in every instance. Mr. 
Joseph R. Edson, who has been sole proprietor 
since 1881 (when his brotlier, John Jay Edson, re- 
tired), is a native of Ashtabula county, Ohio, but 
has resided in Washington upward of a quarter of 
a century, graduating from the Columbia Univer- 
sity, D. C. 

J. S. Blackford, Watchmaker and Jeweler, 
and Dealer in Jewelry, Silverware, Optical Goods, 
all kinds of Se wing-Machines, etc.. No. 3125 M 
(Bridge) Street, Georgetown. — One of the oldest 
and most prominent houses engaged in the jewelry 
business in Georgetown is that conducted by Mr. 
J. S. Blackford. This enterprise was founded as far 
back as 1825 by Mr. J. S. Blackford, the father of 
the present proprietor, who succeeded to the busi- 
ness on the death of his father in 1860. Until five 
years ago the business was conducted on the oppo- 
site side of the street to that side on which it is now 
carried on. The store now occupied has a frontage 
of 25 feet and a depth of 80 feet, and it is very ele- 
gantly and attractively fitted up. The stock cariied 
is a very large and varied one. It embraces a full 
and complete lineof foreign and American gold and 
silver watches, clocks, jewelry of the most unique 
and original description, silverware, optical goods 
of all kinds, and sewing-machines by all the princi- 
pal makers. A prominent and leading feature of the 
business is the repairing of watches, jewelry, sewing- 
machines, etc., the work in this department being 
guaranteed to give the utmost satisfaction, while the 
charges are always fair and reasonable. Mr. Black- 
ford is also the agent for the Universal Fashion 
Company's perfect- fitting patterns, album of fash- 
ions, etc. The store is a very popular one for bar- 
gains, and the proprietor, who was born in George- 
town, has fully maintained the high character the 
house always bore in the time of his father for fair 
and square dealing. 

E. E. Imlay, Dealer in Furniture, Stoves, 
and Housefurnishing Goods, No. 1202 Thirty- 
second Street. — An important and prominent 
business house in West Washington is tliat con- 
ducted by Mr. E. E. Imlay. It was established in 
1884 by the firm of Imlay & Brother, but during 
the past six months it has been carried on by Mr. 
E. E. Imlay, who has greatly added to the useful- 
ness of the house. The store, which is large and 
spacious, presents a front of twenty with a depth of 
eighty feet. It has five floors, all of which are oc- 
cupied by Mr. Imlay, who carrier, one of the larg- 
est stocks of choice furnishing goods to be found 
in the city, embracing parlor and bed room suits, 
and hall and dining-room and kitchen furniture, 
stoves in all the new designs and styles, and tin, 
copper, and sheet-iron ware, and houskeepers' arti- 
cles generally. A special business is made of cabi- 
net work, repairing furniture, and of upholstery and 
also repairing stoves and doing general jobbing in 
this line of business. Mr. Imlay, who carries on 
this business, is a Pennsylvanian by birth, but has 
resided in Washington for the past twenty-one 
years. Mr. Imlay also packs and ships furniture, 
etc., for parties moving with care and dispatch to 
any point in tlie United States, and is the only party 
in West Washington making a specialty of this 
business. He also has amply storage facilities for 
furniture and household goods at low rates. 



130 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



Wm. Ballailtyne & Sou, Booksellers and 
Stationers, No. 428 Seventh Street. -r-In the literary 
circles of the city of Washington the house of 
Messrs. Wm. Ballantyne & Son, at No. 428 Seventh 
street, N. W., is known as being in the front rank 
of the bookseller's trade. The business was estab- 
lished in 1S52 by Messrs. Gray ik, Ballantyne. Mr. 
Gray retired in 1857 and Mr. Ballantyne conducted 
the busine.ss alone until 1879, when his son, Mr. 
R. C. Ballantyne, was admitted to partnership. 
The premises occupied for trade purposes comprise 
an entire three-story building with basement 25x 
100 feet in dimensions, and the establishment is 
recognized as the largest of its kind in the city. 
The extensive and permanent patronage which it 
receives from all classes of readers is largely due 
to its admirable department system. It has a 
department for medical, scientific, and agricultural 
works, another for school and college text-books, 
another for theological literature, religious, and 
Sabbath-school books, another for maps, globes, 
and school supplies, one for books with fine bind- 
ings, illustrated works of famous authors in both 
prose and poetry, another for sporting and yachting 
books and out-door literature generally, one for 
juvenile works and youthful readers, and a special 
counter for jjeriodicals and light literature. There 
is also an extensive stock of fine stationery, blank- 
books, stamped paper, etc. The firm are never 
without the last " new thing" in English, French, 
or American literature. Its line of standard auth- 
ors is full and complete. Its assortment of family 
and pocket Bibles, prayer, and hymn books is un- 
equaled in the city. Wedding and visiting cards 
are also engraved promptly and in the highest 
style of the art. Twelve clerks and salesmen con- 
tribute to the successful prosecution of tlie business, 
and the trade, both wholesale and retail, is large 
and active throughout this city and the States of 
Maryland and Virginia. Mr. Wm. Ballantyne is a 
native of Scotland and a resident here since 1848 ; 
is the pi-esident of the Mutual Protection Fire In- 
surance Company, and prominently identified with 
every good work for the elevation and jjrogress of 
this community. Mr. R. C. Ballantyne is a native 
of this city, and a young man of literary and busi- 
ness knowledge, and they combine to form a busine.ss 
firm of the largest experience, the most thorough 
enterprise, and the highest commercial standing. 

John T. Core, Foreign and Domestic Cigars, 
Tobacco, Pipes, and Snuff", Wholesale and Retail, 
No. 3259 Bridge Street, Georgetown. — In West 
Washington one of the oldest and most im- 
portant houses in the trade is that of Mr. John T. 
Core. He established the business here in 1858, 
and is the oldest merchant in his line on the street. 
He deals largely in foreign and domestic cigars, 
tobacco, pipes, and snuff", and manufactures a large 
number of the principal brands of cigars, whicli he 
sells to the trade and consumers. His sto're is large, 
commodious, and attractive, and is at all times 
stocked to repletion with first-class goods suited to 
the tastes atul tlie means of all classes of purchas- 
ers. He has a large permanent trade throughout 
the city and surrounding country, and is always 
prepared to supply his customers to the full extent 
of their wants at popular prices. Mr. Core is a 
native of Virginia, but has resided here for fifty 
years, and is highly esteemed and respected by the 
entire communitv 



J. Maury Dove, Wholesale and Retail Dealer 
in Coal and AVood, Main Office, Twenty-first and I 
Streets, N. W. — Of the varied and vast mineral 
products which nature so bountifully bestows upon 
this much-favored land, there is perhaps none to 
which attaches such peculiar interest as to coal, 
and it is in the nature of things, therefore, that the 
handling of this and kindred articles of fuel should 
constitute a very important branch of commercial 
activity in every centre of trade antl industry, as it 
does. Among leading and best known concerns in 
this line in Washington may be named that of J. 
Maury Dove, wholesale and retail dealer in coal 
and wood, family coal a specialty, main office. 
Twenty-first and I streets, N. W., with wharf at 
foot of F and G streets, which has been in contin- 
uous and prosperous existence nearly thirty-seven 
years, fully sustaining, too, to-day its old-time repu- 
tation for excellent and reliable goods and upright 
and honorable dealing. This flourishing business 
was established in 1850 by Solomon Stover, who 
conducted it up to 1 8S0, when he was succeeded by 
the present proprietor, who has since continued it 
with uninterrupted success, the trade, which ex- 
tends all over the city and suburbs, being exceed- 
ingly heavy and grows steadily apace annually 
Besides the establishment at Twenty-first and I 
streets and the wharf foot of F and G streets, N. 
AV., branch offices are also maintained at No. 162(i 
M street, N. W., and at No. 120o II street, N. W. 
The wharf premises also include a sawmill, having 
a daily capacity of sixty cords of kindling and fire 
wood, sawed and split, and upward of fifteen carts 
(and in busy season as high as thirty) are in regu- 
lar service delivering orders, over thirty thousand 
tons of coal being handled yearly, and all orders 
by telephone (the offices and yards being connected) 
or otherwise receive prompt and satisfactory atten- 
tion, an extensive and first-class stock being carried 
constantly on hand. Mr. Dove, who is a native of 
the Capital, is a gentleman of sterling integrity, as 
well as a man of energy and thorough business 
ability, and enjoys a deservedly high standing. 

W. A. Dix, Harness, Saddles, Collars, Blank- 
ets, Robes, Whips, etc., No. 1205 Thirty-second 
Street, N. W. — Mr. W. A. Dix is one of the best- 
known of West Washington's business men, and he 
isoneofthe most experienced manufacturers of har- 
ness, collars, saddles, etc., in the city. He has been 
connected with this branch of industry for the past 
thirty-five years, and is a thorough master of all its 
details. He was born in Virginia, and came to reside 
in Washington in 1875. In the following year he 
opened his present establishment at No. 1205 Thirty- 
second street, N. W. This consists of two floors, each 
20x40 feet in dimensions. The premises are neatly 
fitted up throughout, and the manufacturing de- 
partment is equipped with all tools and mechanical 
appliances necessary to the business. A staff of 
skilled and competent hands are employed, and 
saddles, single and double harness, collars, etc., are 
made to order in the best style of workmanship, 
while repairs of all kinds are promptly attended to. 
A full line of harness, saddles, collars, blankets, robes, 
whips, bridles, and every description of horsefurnish- 
ing goods is always to be found here, of every quality 
and at prices that caimot be excelled elsewhere. 
The business is of both a wholesale and retail 
character, and a trade of considerable volume is 
done. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



131 



C. H. Burgess, Wood and Coal, corner 
Eighth and O Streets, N. W.— Mr. C. H; Burgess 
is one of the principal dealers in his line of busi- 
ness iu the city of Washington, and has been carry- 
ing on his establishment for more than seventeen 
years. His extensive sawmill and coal and wood 
yard, covering an area of 100x100 feet, are located 
at the corner of Eighth and O streets, N. W. 
The mill is used to saw and split wood for kindling 
purposes and has a capacity of thirty cords of wood 
per day. The work is performed with the use of 
steam power. The yard is at ail times heavily 
stocked with the best productions of the leading 
coal mines, being supplied direct and at such ad- 
vantageous rates that the proprietor is enabled to 
furnish his customers at prices which defy success- 
ful competition. Four delivery carts are kept con- 
stantly employed, and between ten thousand and 
fifteen thousand tons are handled every year. As 
this coal is all purchased by Mr. Burgess in vessel- 
load or car-load quantities at the lowest rates, his 
patrons receive the benefit of his facilities. Both 
a wholesale and retail trade is carried on and they 
constantly grow larger with the advance of time. 
Mr. Burgess is a native of New York, and has lived 
in the District since 1864. He is an honored 
and representative citizen, and takes pride in 
furthering any interest that will tend to enhance 
the public good. 

John E. Beall, Keal Estate, Loans, and In- I 
surance. No. 1321 F Street, N. W.— The business 
of this well-known house was founded in 1884 by j 
Messrs. George Adams and John E. Beall, under > 
the firm style of Adams & Beall. This copartner- 
ship was continued until June, 1886, when Mr. 
Adams retired from the firm and Mr. Beall became 
sole proprietor. This gentlen)an is a native of 
Washington, and is a well and favorably known | 
citizen, being popularly known through his con- 
nection before entering this business with many 
well-known local firms and his occupying of the 
offices of commissioner of deeds for every State and 
Territory of the United States in the District of 
Columbia. He employs three competent assistants 
in his office, and is carrying on an excellent busi- 
ness as a general real estate and insurance agent, 
giving his attention to the pui'chase and sale of 
imjiroved and unimproved real estate, leasing and 
renting property, collecting rents, investing money, 
taking charge of estates, and negotiating loans on 
bond and mortgage. He is agent for the New 
York Bowery and the North British Mercantile 
and Western, of Pittsburg, fire insurance compa- 
nies, and issues policies of insurance in those as 
well as all the strong, reputable companies of the 
world. He is patronized by citizens from all parts 
of the District, Maryland, and Virginia, and enjoys 
the thorough confidence and esteem of all who have 
business transactions with him. 

William H. Nalley, Bookbinder, Paper 
Ruler, and Blank-Book Manufacturer, corner of 
Ninth and E Streets, N. W. — This concern was 
founded at its present location twenty-eight years 
ago, and it has since developed a very extensive 
trade. The premises occupied at the address indi- 
cated consist of a floorage 20x7-") feet, and are fitted 
up with all the latest improved machinery. Mr. 
Nalley is ready at all times to adopt any improve- 
ment that is possessed of merit, and his success has 



been, to a great extent, the result of this spirit of 
enterprise. A competent staff' of operatives are 
employed, and the house executes all descriptions 
of binding, paper ruling, and blank-book manu- 
facturing, a specialty being made of blank books of 
all kinds. Particular attention is also given to 
binding of magazines, and the re-binding, etc., of 
valuable books. Some of the finest specimens of 
binding have been executed by this house, and the 
prices can fully compete with tliose of contemporary 
concerns. Mr. Nalley, who is an expert in his 
line of trade, is a native of this city and a promi- 
nent and esteemed member of the Masonic body. 
He is a Mexican veteran and was a member of the 
fourth company of volunteers in first call of 
seventy-five thousand troops in 1861. 

The Oriole, Dry Goods, Ladies' and Gentle- 
men's Furnishing Goods. Hosiery, Notions, Rib- 
bons, etc., No. 822 Seventh Street, N. W., L. Grad- 
wohl, Proprietor. — This establishment has acquired 
the enviable reputation for being the very cheapest 
place for the purchase of dry goods of every descrip- 
tion, ladies' and gentlemen's furnishings, hosiery, 
notions, ribbons, etc., and it goes without saying 
that it is only the magnitude of his business whicli 
enables him to sell at so trifiinga pi-ofit. Mr. Grad- 
wohl, who is a native of France, started business on 
Twenty -second and G streets, in this city, twenty-five 
years ago, and two years ago removed to his present 
store, known as the Oriole. This store has a ca- 
pacity of 25x100 feet, is splendidly lighted, hand- 
somely fitted up, admirably arranged, and stocked 
to repletion with an excellent selection of goods in 
tiie lines already named. A large and brisk trade 
is done throughout the city and suburbs, and cour- 
teous and prompt service is given to all customers. 
Mr. Gradwohl is also proprietor of the business 
conducted under the style of the Chicago Grocery 
Company in the same block. 

G. A. Orrison, Boarding, Hiring, and Sale 
Stables, Nos. 468 and 470 C Street, N. W. Tele- 
phone Call 862-2. — This flourishing livery busi- 
ness is one of the leading, largest, and best-equipped 
establishments of the kind in Washington, and was 
originally started in 1870 at Martinsburg, W. 
Va. (a branch being subsequently established 
at Hagerstown, Md.), where it was conducted 
up to 1881, when, in order to secure a wider field 
for the exercise of energy and skill, Mr. Geyer 
moved the business to this city, settling in his 
present location, where it has since been continued 
with eminent success. On November 15th, 1886, he 
sold out to G. A.Orrison. The premises occupied 
comprise an entire three-story 60xl20-foot struc- 
ture, supplied with every facility and completely 
equipped in every respect with the most improved 
appliances. The stable possesses accommodations 
for over seventy-five horses, with a capacity for an 
equal number of vehicles, and carriages, wagons, 
and buggies of every style and variety are kept 
constantly on hand. Horses are tnkenon livery by 
day or month, and first-class teams of every de- 
scription furnished at all hours, and, altogether, a 
very large and substantial trade is done, both 
branches of the business being extensively patron- 
ized. Mr. Orrison is a young man, and is a native 
of Leesburg, Va. He is a man of push and 
excellent business capacity, as well as sterling in- 
tegrity. 



132 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



T. J. W. Robertson, American and For- 
eign Patent Solicitor, Expert in Patent Causes, etc., 
No. 60') Seventh Street. — One of the most expert 
and successful attorneys for the prosecution of ap- 
plications for patents before the United States Pat- 
ent Office is Mr. T. J. W. Robertson, whose office 
is located at No. 605 Seventh street. This gentle- 
man is an expert in patent causes, of large experi- 
ence and establislied reputation, and has been es- 
tablished in business here since 1876, and for thirty 
years and upward has been engaged in the patent 
business, doing the work of thousands of private 
parties and manufacturing concerns, and being fre- 
quently employed as a mechanical expert by tlie 
United States Treasury and Judiciary Department 
and by the counsels for the City of Washington, 
New York, and Brooklyn, the New York and Erie 
Railway, and the Western Union Telegraph Com- 
panies. He has also acted as counsel and attorney 
for such well-known and important corporations as 
the Van Deporte Electric Light Company, the 
Wilson Sewing Machine Company, and the Albany 
Agricultural Works, as well as for many of the 
largest manufacturing houses in the country. Mr. 
Robertson does not do business on the " no patent, 
no pay " system, but makes his charges reasonable, 
in accordance with the value of his services to the 
inventor. Inventors should always avoid the class 
of solicitors whose sole object is to get some kind of 
a patent, without regard to its quality, with as 
little trouble as they can, so that they may get 
their fee the quicker, and are thus filling the coun- 
try with worthless patents. This system has been 
often denounced by diflferent commissioners of pat- 
ents, and many of the solicitors who liave followed 
this system have been prevented from practicing in 
the Patent Office for defrauding their clients. Mr. 
Robertson personally attends to the preparation 
and prosecution of every case intrusted to his care, 
and his papers tiled for his clients in the Patent 
Office are distinguished for their accuracy, wisdom, 
and perfect understanding of the case in hand. 
Should a case be rejected by the Office he argues it 
with the examiner, or amends it as the case re- 
(juires witliout extra charge, while rejected cases 
have always received his special attention, and 
with them he has been eminently successful. A 
large portion of his business consists in prosecuting 
cases for other attorneys who have had such cases 
rejected, and he seldom fails in procuring favorable 
consideration on a good patent. He is thoroughly 
prepared to apply for patents in all foreign coun- 
tries, and will send full instructions on application. 
Mr. Robertson is a native of England, a leader in 
his profession in this city, and known as a reliable, 
capable, and trustworthy gentleman in all the rela- 
tions of life. 

Bean & Cox, Fine Family Groceries, Provi- 
sions, Meats, etc., No. 440 Seventh, corner E Street, 
S. W. — Both members of this firm have been con- 
nected with the grocery trade for the past ten years, 
and established their present business here early in 
1886. They deal extensively in fine family gro- 
ceries, meats, provisions, etc., and occupy a fine, 
large store 20x100 feet in dimensions, provided 
with every convenience and facility for the prose- 
cution of their business upon a large scale. Their 
stock embraces a full line of staple and fancy gro- 
ceries, including teas, coffees, spices, flour, canned 
goods, lunch goods, preserves, pickles, soap, starch. 



table delicacies and condiments ; also, salt and fresh 
meats, foreign and domestic fruits, vegetables in 
their season, and general country produce. The 
stock is large, choice, and fresh, received direct 
from the most reputable sources of supply, and 
oflered at prices which are safe from successful com- 
petition. Four clerks and salesmen are employed^ 
goods are promptly delivered free of charge, and a 
large and tirst-class trade has been built up. The 
members of the firm are Messrs. Clarence Bean 
and William Cox, both natives of the city. 

James Keleber, Livery and Hiring Stables, 
Nos. 423, 425, and 427 Eighth Street. — One of the 
most prominent livery stables at the National Capi- 
tal is thatof Mr. James Keleber, located at Nos. 423, 
425, and 427 Eighth street. This house was founded 
in 1836 by the present proprietor, and has always 
held a leading position in this city in its special 
line of trade. The premises occupied comprise a 
two-story building 70x125 feet in dimensions, and 
the stables are well lighted, ventilated, and drained, 
while every attention is given by careful grooms 
to the care and welfare of the stock. Accommoda- 
tions are provided for forty-tive horses, and a 
splendid line is constantly kept for hire at reason- 
able rates. The line of vehicles comprises carriages, 
buggies, phaetons, and coupes, all of stylish appear- 
ance, and experienced drivers are furnished when 
required. The proprietor has had large experience 
in the care, treatment, and training of horses, and 
is considered a reliable authority upon the subject. 
He has built up his business by honorale, legiti- 
mate, and painstaking methods, by strict attention 
to details, and by courteous and liberal treatment 
of patrons and the public, being careful, at the 
same time, to have his equipages furnished in the 
finest style, his horses safe, speedy, and reliable, 
and to place his charges at a fair and reasonable 
figure. Mr. Keleher is one of the representative 
men in his line of trade, and richly deserves the 
success, he has achieved. 

W. Nordling'er, Clothier and Merchant 
Tailor, Men's Furnishings, etc.. No. 3103 Bridge 
Street, Georgetown. — Mr. W. Nordlinger lias been 
in business at No. 3108 Bridge street as a general 
outfitter for the past quarter of a century. He was 
born in France and left his native land for the 
United States thirty-five years ago. Twenty-five 
years since he came to Washington and opened his 
present store, which is one of the finest and most 
attractive establishments in its line of business to 
be found on Bridge street. It has a frontage of 
25 feet and a depth of 100 feet, and it is elegant in 
its fixtures and furnishings. A heavy stock of 
ready-made goods is carried, and this embraces 
garments of every description for men, youths, and 
boys. These goods are made up fiom the finest and 
most reliable materials, in the prevailing fashions, 
and in the best style of workmanship. In the cus- 
tom department is to be found a large and varied 
stock of French, English, and German woolens, em- 
bracing the latest patterns in the markets. A large 
staff of competent hands are employed, and all goods 
sent out from tliis house are warranted to be perfect 
in fit and exactly as represented. Mr. Nordlinger 
also deals extensively in gentlemen's furnishing 
goods, and in this class of articles the latest foreign 
and domestic novelties are always represented on 
his shelves and counters. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



133 



Robert McMurray, Jr., Broker in Gro- 
ceries, No. 805 Market 8pace. — Tlie commercial 
interests of Washington present no more important 
or active feature than the wholesale trade in gro- 
ceries of all kinds, which has justly attained pro- 
portions of the greatest magnitude. Prominent 
among the leading houses engaged in the hrokerage 
business in the above line is tliat of which Mr. 
Robert McMurray, Jr., is the proprietor. This 
gentleman founded his enterprise here in ISS-t, and 
has since developed a trade of important propor- 
tions and acquired the fullest contidence of the 
commercial public. As a merchandise broker lie 
deals most extensively in all descriptions of gro- 
ceries, his connections and facilities in the market 
are unsurpassed, and he promptly fills the largest 
orders at closest current quotations. Mr. McMur- 
ray is special agent in Washington for the follow- 
ing leading concerns : Joseph Campbell & Co., of 
Philadelphia, dealers in fruits and canned goods; 
Alexander Kerr, Bro. & Co., of Baltimore, salt 
dealers, and Louis Elmer &l Son, of Baltimore, 
manufacturers of vinegar and cider. His finely 
equipped salesroom is located at No. 8()5 Market 
space, occupying an area of 20.x40 feet, and it at all 
times contains a large stock of samples of the choice 
merchandise handled by this house. The proprie- 
tor is recognized in commercial circles as being an 
experienced judge of all goods handled in his line 
of business, so that, in view of his unsurpassed facil- 
ities, he holds a representative position in the 
business world. Mr. McMurray is a native of 
Washington, and is too widely known and generally 
esteemed to require any extended comment here. 
The equitable manner in which he conducts his 
business, as well as his extended resources, are rea- 
sons sufficiently obvious why dealers and large 
buyers should place their orders with such an 
active, enterprising, and responsible house. 

G. J. Musser, Drugs, Medicines, and Chemi- 
cals, corner of I and Tenth Streets. — A well-known 
and popular drug store in this city is that of Mr. 
G. J. Musser, located on the corner of I and Tenth 
streets, N. W., which was established at that ad- 
dress in 1845 and by the present proprietor in 
1858. The store is very commodious, conveniently 
and handsomely fitted up, and supplied with every 
convenience, and contains a large and carefully se- 
lected stock of pure and fresh drugs, chemicals, 
proprietary medicines, and remedies of acknowl- 
edged merit and reputation, fancy toilet articles, 
perfumery, soaps, mineral waters of foreign and do- 
mestic production dispensed in bottles, surgeons' 
and physicians' requisites, and, in sliort, everything 
pertaining to a first-class drug establishment. In 
the careful, conscientious, and intelligent compound- 
ing of physicians' prescriptions and family recipes 
this house holds a prominent position. All mod- 
ern appliances to secure accuracy have been pro- 
vided, and no person more fully appreciates the re- 
sponsibility that rests upon him in performing this 
delicate duty than does Mr. Musser. Mr. Musser 
is also the proprietor of the celebrated Dr. Miller's 
neuralgia or nerve-ache pills and tooth-ache drops, 
and persons who are afflicted with those torturing 
diseases can place full reliance upon their efficacy 
as a remedy. Mr. Musser was born in Maryland, 
but has resided in the District since 1856, and 
has had thirty-five years' experience in his pro- 
fession. 



James Tliarp, Importer of and Dealer in 
Foreign and Domestic Wines and Liquors, No. 
818 F Street, N. W. — The house of James Tharp, 
No. 818 F street, N. W., was established eight 
years ago by the present owner. Mr. Tharp is im- 
porter and dealer in foreign and domestic wines, 
brandies, whiskies, gins, and liquors, which are un- 
rivaled for quality, purity, and excellence by those 
of any other contemporary first-class house in the 
trade, and dealers will always find it profitable to 
procure their supplies from houses like that of 
James Tharp, whose established reputation makes 
its representations perfectly reliable. All orders 
are promptly filled. His store, which is finely 
fitted up, is commodious, being 25x79 feet in dimen- 
sions, and he carries a large and well assorted stock 
of all kinds of liquors, also imported and domestic 
cigars of the choicest brands. The business is 
transacted by Mr. Tharp, being assisted by two 
civil and obliging clerks. The best rye, Irish, and 
Scotch whiskies are to be had here, and the trade 
is supplied with imported licjuors either in bond or 
free. Mr. Tharp was born in Ohio and has resided 
in the Capital for the last thirty-five years, where 
he has had a thorough training in all pertaining to 
his business. 

Geo. W. Rich, Dealer in Fine Shoes, No. 409 
Seventh Street, N. W. — Mr. Geo. W. Rich, who is 
a native of Massachusetts, located himself in Wash- 
ington twenty-three years ago, and having worked 
in the largest emporiums in the city, gained by his 
strict attention to business and affiible manners the 
respect and confidence of all customers. Thus 
encouraged, and being a man of push, seeing 
a good 0[iening for a boot and shoe emporium 
in this District, he started at the above address, his 
commodious store having dimensions of 20x70 feet, 
where he carries an ample stock of boots and shoes, 
comprising ladies' and gents', misses' and children's 
fine shoes. His trade is entirely retail and local 
in its character, being extensively patronized by 
some of the best families in the city. Mr. Rich 
makes a specialty of fine custom-work, wherein, 
combining peculiarities of this trade, known 
only to himself, he produces a good wearing and 
fitting shoe which gives ease and comfort to the 
wearer. Mr. Rich has opened a repairing depart- 
ment, where shoes with soles not entirely lost may 
be reclaimed and made good again. 

A. Zichtl, Bookbinder, No. 513 Seventh Street 
N. W. — Among the enterprising men of the day who 
have entered into the bookbindery business may 
be mentioned Mr. A. Zichtl, a native of Germany, 
who, after mastering all the details of this art, came 
to the LTnited States three years ago, establishing 
himself in Washington at the above address, where 
he has an office and shop 20x40 feet in dimensions. 
Bookbinding in all its branches is carried on 
here— law, mercantile, association, and medical, 
making a specialty of music binding, which he 
turns out in a very superior style. He also takes 
contracts for library and subscription binding, and 
having a stafi" of able assistants, who work under 
his personal supervision, he guarantees entire satis- 
faction. Mr. Zichtl is a gentleman highly respected 
among his acquaintances, and is an active member of 
the prominent German singing societies. Repair- 
ing is neatly executed, and work called for and 
delivered. 



134 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



George W. Cissel & Co., Proprietors of 
the Arlington Roller Mills, corner of Water and 
Potomac iStreets, Georgetown. — The Arling- 
ton Koller Mills, under the proprietorship of 
Messrs. George W. Cissel & Co., deserve special 
mention in this review. The enterprise was inau- 
gurated in 1884, and has been conducted by this 
Hrm with signal ability. The premises comprise a 
tive-story building 120x125 feet in dimensions, 
fitted up with eigliteen double sets of rollers and 
all the latest improved machinery and appliances 
that skill, capital, and science can suggest to prop- 
erly prosecute tlie business. The daily capacity of 
production is three hundred barrels, and accommo- 
dations are atlbided for storing twenty thousand 
bushels of grain. The brands of this representative 
house comprise the White Lily patent, tlie Arling- 
ton family, and Cook's choice, all of which are gen- 
eral favorites in the market, and are absolutely un- 
surpassed for quality, purity, and general excel- 
lence. The product is shipped in large quantities 
all over the East and South. The proprietors of 
the Arlington Mills are Messrs. George W. Cissel, 
S. S. Cis.sel, and J. D. Newman. Mr. Cissel was a 
member of the firm of Deene, Cissel & AV^ild from 
1874, which continued for one year, when Mr. A. 
H. Herr became a member under the same style 
for three years, In 1878 the firm became known 
as Herr & Cissel up to 1884, when the firm was dis- 
solved and the firm of G. W. Cissel & Co. bought 
the Arlington Mills and fitted them up as first- 
class roller mills. The firm of Herr & Cissel was 
the first to adopt the roller system in Georgetown. I 
The Arlington Mills were built in 1847, and have 
passed through all the stages of improvement in 
the manufacture of flour up to their present high 
standard, for which they are famous. 

G. W. & H. W. Offutt, Fancy Groceries, 
Wines, and Liqriors, Our Belle and Star Flour, 
"The Best," Northeast corner of Thirty-second and 
N Streets. — Established in 1876 by the present pro- 
prietors, and dealing in every description of goods 
coming under the general head of fancy and staple 
groceries, wines, and liquors, a continuous advance- 
ment has characterized the house of Messrs. G. W. 
h H. W. Offutt, until at the present time its suc- 
cessful rivals are few and it is numbered among 
the most prosperous houses in this line of trade in 
the District. The store is located at the northeast 
corner of Thirty-second and N streets, and the 
premises occupied for both trade and storage pur- 
poses comprise three floors oOx80 feet each, fur- 
nished with every appliance for the prompt filling 
of all orders. The stock is large and complete, in- 
cluding the finest and most popular brands of flour 
from the most celebrated mills in tlie West and 
Northwest, embracing Our Belle and Star flour, 
" the Best," also teas and coffees of the finest flavor, 
canned goods in endless variety, sugars, spices, 
syrups, molasses, preserves, pickles, table delicacies 
.•uid condiments, and everything known to this line 
nf trade. A 11 goods are received direct from manu- 
facturers and producers, and are in every way fresh, 
choice, and desirable. ( roods are delivered and 
called for at any part of the city, and the trade, 
both wholesale and retail, is large and active, the 
rarest inducements being oflercd as to both (piality 
and prices. The members of the firm are natives 
cf Maryland, are live, active business men, and 
highly esteemed for sterling integrity and personal 



worth. Mr. H. W. Offutt is connected with Mr. C. 
Oliver in the boot and shoe business, for which they 
have a tine store at No. 3123 M street. 

Geddi.s & Co., Druggists and Pharmacists^ 
No. 32(J9 M Street, W.— One of the finest and 
largest drug stores in West Washington is that of 
Messrs. (Jeddis & Co., located at No. 3269 M street. 
This house was established in 1855 by Mr. Southern, 
and later Mr. F. L. Cropely became the proprietor, 
Tlie latter in April, 1886, sold his interest to the 
present firm of Messrs. Geddis & Co., the copart- 
ners in which are Messrs. Frank Geddis and W. E. 
Pickerell. The former is a native of Pennsylvania,, 
has been a resident in the District of Columbia, 
since 1880, and has been connected with the drug, 
business foi- the past ten years. He is a pharma- 
ceutical graduate and duly qualified pharmacist. 
Mr. Pickerell is a native of this city, and was for- 
merly clerk in the banking house of Messrs. H. T.. 
Cooke & Co. The store is spacious, being 25xS0 
feet in dimensions, and it is provided with every 
facility for conducting the business upon a large 
scale. The fittings and appointments of the estab- 
lishment are of an elegant and attractive character,, 
and the stock of goods carried embraces a fi/ie as- 
sortment of pure drugs and family medicines, per- 
fumery, toilet articles, and a large variety of fancy 
goods. A special feature of the busine.'is is the 
compounding of physicians' prescriptions and 
family recipes, in which every care is exercised, 
and only the purest and most reliable drugs are em- 
ployed. Prescriptions are made up at any hour of 
the day or night, and the utmost courtesy is ex- 
tended to all patrons. 

James S. Hays, Crockery, Glassware, I-amps, 
Tinware, and Housefurnishings, No. 3271 Bridge 
Street, Georgetown. — This concern, although 
founded as late as 1881, has risen to a high posi- 
tion in its special line of trade. The proprietor, 
Mr. Hays, has carried on his operations from the 
beginning under the present firm style, and the 
strong success which has been achieved is entirely 
due to the ability and enterprise of his manage- 
ment. Tlie establishment combines two very im- 
portant interests, namely, teas and coffees, and 
crockery, glassware, tinware, etc. Two commodi- 
ous stores are occujiied, each 20x80 feet in measure- 
ment, fitted up in the most thorough and conveni- 
ent manner. In the premises at No. 3271 is kept 
an immense assortment of crockery, glassware, tin- 
ware, and housefurnishings in great variety, the 
productions all being of the most superior charac- 
ter. The tea and coffee department, which occupies 
the adjoining store. No. 3273, is filled to repletion 
with a splendid supply of all desirable grades of 
teas and coftijes, ranging in price from the cheapest 
to the most costly. In this dei)artment Mr. Hays 
has adopted a system of giving presents by the 
ticket system. The firm, in view of the difficulty 
of obtaining these staple goods in a pure and whole- 
some state, have made extraordinary efforts to 
maintain the integrity of their stock, and handle 
no article which is tainted by the least adultera- 
tion, or the ))rime condition of which has not been 
fully determined by close inspection. The trade is 
both wholesale and retail, and no available facility 
is lacking for the prompt handling of affairs. Mr. 
Hays is a native of Maryland, has resided in this 
city for twenty-five years. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



135 



M. C. Mitchell, Dealer in Stoves, Tinware, 
and Housefurnishing Goods, Rooting, Guttering, 
and Spouting, No. 3108 M Street, W.— The subject 
of this sketch is one of the best-known business men 
actively engaged in his line of industry inWest Wash- 
ington. His house is also one of the oldest in its 
line of trade, having been founded thirty-tive years 
ago by Mr. Korpp. For a period of twenty years 
Mr. Charles Menimert was the proprietor, and six 
years ago Mr. M. C. Mitchell came into possession. 
He is a native of Alexandria, Va., and for seven- 
teen years has been a resident of Washington. He 
has had twenty-three years' practical experience as 
a general tin and sheet-iron worker, and is a thor- 
ough master of every detail of his business. At 
the address indicated he has a spacious and com- 
modious store measuring 25x125 feet, including in 
the rear a well-equipped workshop, where a num- 
ber of skilled artisans are afforded permanent em- 
ployment. The store is very well fitted up, and the 
stock consists of a select assortment of the best 
makes of stoves, ranges, and housefurnishing goods, 
which are offered at the lowest possible prices. Mr. 
Mitchell has every facility for promptly executing 
ail work in tin, zinc, sheet-iron and copper, and for 
all kinds of rooting and jobbing at reasonable 
prices. He repairs stoves and supplies odd cast- 
ings at manufacturers' prices, and is always found 
reliable and prompt in his dealings. He enjoys a 
large city and suburban trade, and is a prominent 
and esteemed member of tiie Independent Order of 
Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. 

Noble C. Dowlingr, Wholesale and Retail 
Dealer in Flour, Grain, and Feed, No. 3261 M 
Street, W. — The flour and grain trade is well repre- 
sented in Washington by Mr. Noble C. Dowling, 
whose establishment is situated at No. 3261 M 
street, West Washington. He is well and widely 
known as a large wholesale and retail dealer in 
flour, grain, and feed of all kinds, and has been es- 
tablished in the business here since 1880. He occu- 
pies a large store 20x 1 20 feet in dimensions, with 
ample accommodations for the manipulation and 
disposal of the immense stock that is constantly 
carried. His stock of flour embraces the best 
brands, by the bag or barrel for family use, received 
direct from the best mills in the country, and sold 
at prices which invite competition. The stock of 
grain and feed includes baled hay, straw, bran, corn 
meal and mill feed, all of the tinest quality, and 
supplied to patrons in any quantity desired at short 
notice. His stock is one of the best in the District, 
his prices are always low and attractive, and his 
business methods are honorable and straight-for- 
ward in the highest degree. Mr. Dowling is a 
native of the city, and one of its useful citizens, 
successful merchants, and representative business 
men. Mr. Dowling is agent for the Walter A. 
Wood Mowing and Reaping Company. 

J. J. Hog-an, Oyster Dealer, No. 423 Twelfth 
Street, N. W. — -Among those engaged in the oyster 
business may be prominently mentioned Mr. J. J. 
Hogan. He employs a large number of hands and 
transacts a flourishing business in tlie capital and 
its vicinity. Tliis house, being one of the leading 
ones of its kind in W^ashington, is principally 
patronized bv hotels, families, and private parties, 
whom Mr. Hotran furnishes with tlie choicest kind 
of oysters, which are always fresh, being received 



daily, also terrapin, clams, and crabs when they are 
in season. The oysters are sold either opened or in 
shell and are always delicious, as he carries a stock 
of the finest to be found in the market. Mr. Hogan 
is a native of New York city and came to Wash- 
ington twenty -two years ago and established him- 
self in business in 1873, since which date he has 
successfully catered to the public. 

John H. Schliltze, Manufacturer of Fine 
Havana Cigars, No. 2913 M Street, W. — Mr. John 
H. Schultze was born in Germany, and in 1848 left 
his native land for Baltimore, where he continued 
to reside until 1854. When in the employment of 
Mr. Thomas C. Little as foreman of his factory he 
removed to New York and there remained until 
1865, when he came to Georgetown and opened a 
cigar and tobacco store under the old Union Hotel. 
In 1879 he built the premises now occupied by 
him. No. 2913 M street, for a manufactory and sales- 
room of cigars and tobacco for the general whole- 
sale and retail trade, anti as a dealer in leaf tobacco 
and smokers' articles generally. His goods have a 
standard value among dealers and consumers, and 
he has acquired a reputation for fair and legiti- 
mate dealing of which he may justly feel proud. 
His store has a capacity of 20x60 feet, three stories 
in height. It is very flnely and attractively fur- 
nished and fltted up, and the stock is one of the 
most extensive and best selected in the city. The 
favorite flve-cent brands of cigars made by this 
house are " Telephone," " Conamore," and " Iris," 
and the most popular ten-cent brands are "Mono- 
gram" and "Reina Victoria." 

The Pekln Tea and CofTee Company, 

No. 1308 Seventh Street, N. W., Theophilus Bray, 
Proprietor. — This enterprise was founded in April, 
1886, and the superior goods dispensed have 
attracted to the establishment scores of prominent 
customers from all parts of the city. The hand- 
some store occupied is 20x50 feet in dimensions 
and is admirably arranged and appointed for the 
firm's purposes, being supplied with every facility 
and requisite for the carrying on of an extensive 
trade. The cleanly and orderly appearance of the 
establishment throughout attracts universal atten- 
tion. The stock is large, of unquestioned superi- 
ority, and embraces the finest quality of teas and 
the purest coffees, which are roasted and ground 
fresh daily, and the best of spices. The "goods, 
while of tiie finest quality, are sold at the lowest 
prices, as the following list will attest: Finest O. 
G. Java coffee, thirty -five cents per pound ; choic- 
est Padang Java coffee, thirty cents per pound; 
fine Java coffee, twenty-five cents per pound ; the 
Jamaica blend, twenty-five cents per pound ; Cu- 
cuta Maracaibo coffee, twenty-five cents per pound ; 
strong mountain Rio, twenty cents per pound ; pure 
new crop teas ; Nankin Moyoum Gunpowder, fifty, 
sixtv, seventy, and eighty cents per pound ; extra 
choicest Gunpowder, one dollar per pound; Formosa 
Oolongs, fifty, sixty, seventv, and eighty cents per 
pound; extra fragrant Formosa, one dollar per 
pound; extra choicest sun-dried Japan, fiftv and 
sixty cents per pound. Orders are called for and 
goods delivered to all parts of the city. The pro- 
])rietor of this enterprise, Mr. Theophilus Brav, 
has been in an importing tea house for many 
years, and is a native of Washington and one of 
her most progressive business men. 



136 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



The Post Combination Sewing-Ma- 
chine Company, No. G27 Louisiana Avenue, 
N. W. — The widely known and progressive Post 
Combination Sewing-Machine Company was duly 
incorporated in i881, with a capital of $200,000. 
The I'oUowiiig gentlemen, well known in financial 
and commercial circles, are its officers, viz.: Presi- 
dent, 1. L.Johnson; secretary, H. B. Littlepage; 
treasurer, T. J. Luttrell. The works of the com- 
pany are situated in Chicopee, Mass., wliile the 
home office is at No. 627 Louisiana avenue, N. W., 
in this city. Here they occupy a fine three-story 
building 25x80 feet in dimensions with basement, 
and carry a very large and valuable stock of the 
Post combination machine. This machine is en 
tirely original in many respects, and commends 
itself to the good judgment of all who give it a fair 
trial. The purciiaser gets more ioT the same 
amount of money than he possibly can in any other 
machine, i. e., two perfect 'machines in one. It 
has no superior as a lock-stitch nor as a chain- 
stitch machine. It is the most simple machine in 
its construction, doing the work of two distinct ma- 
chines with fewer working parts than any ma- 
chine in practical use. It has no shuttle, no levers, 
nor jerking motion, but does the whole of its work 
upon a rotary principle, and is regular and contin- 
uous in its movements, and of great durability and 
almost noiseless. This machine at once disposes of 
doubt as to whether the purciiaser prefers a lock 
or chain stitch machine, for in buying it he gets 
his choice and a good machine besides for nothing. 
It is rapidly superseding all other machines both 
at home and abroad, and really contains more 
points of excellence than can be found in any 
others. It may be justly considered as the perfec- 
tion of mechanism for hemming, felling, trimming, 
binding, cording, seaming, braiding, embroidering, 
and other purposes too numerous to particularize, 
wliile its price is no higher than is demanded for 
inferior machines. It is sim[)le in construction, 
light running, rotary, and noiseless, and is lock or 
chain stitch at the pleasure of the user. The ca- 
pacity of the works at Chicopee is fifty machines a 
day, consisting of a splendid series of buildings, 
and giving employment to from one hundred to 
one hundred and fifty hands. The managers of 
the home office in Washington are all natives of 
this city, and are well known as responsible citizens 
and all honorable business men. They have a 
large and permanent trade, broadly distributed 
throughout this country and Europe, and the repu- 
tation of the Post Combination is firmly established 
the world over, 

J. C Brown, Pharmacist, Seventh Street 
and Rhode Island Avenue. — One of the most at- 
tractive and popular establishments in this section 
of the city is tiie pharmacy owned and conducted 
by Mr. J. C. Brown at the corner of Seventh street 
and Rhode Island avenue. It is but little more 
than a year since this establishment was opened by 
Mr. Brown, and within this comparatively short 
time it has acijuired a large and iulluential line of 
custom and a reputation for reliability second to no 
similar house in Washington. The store is of 
ample proportions, is handsomely appointed, and 
is well stocked with a large assortment of pure 
drugs and chemicals, and a full line of pharmaceu- 
tical preparations, perfumery, surgical appliances, 
and druggists' sundries and fancy goods. Particu- 



lar attention is paid the prescription department 
and medicines are compounded with accuracy, 
while only the best materials are used in their com- 
position. Mr. Brown has for nine years been en- 
gaged in the drug business and is thoroughly 
versed in all the details of the pharmaceutical pro- 
fession. He is a native of ^'ermont and has lived 
in Washington for a little over a year, starting liis 
business shortly after his arrival. He is esteemed 
by all his patrons, and his venture here is sure of 
continued success. 

Schillinger Artificial Stone and Con- 
crete Company, corner of First and K Streets, 
N. E., Office, No. 1418 New York Avenue. — Among 
other most creditable and beneficial industrial pur- 
suits carried on in our midst, that of the laying of 
concrete floors, footwalks, etc., claims recognition in 
this review. In this city no concern is so popular 
and prominent in this connection as that of the 
Schillinger Artificial Stone and Concrete Company, 
whose office is located at No. 1418 New York avenue, 
and whose works are situated on the corner of First 
and K streets. This company was incorporated 
under the laws of the District of Columbia, in De- 
cember, 1884, with a capital of $25,000. Tlie pres- 
ident of the corporation is Mr. G. S. Cannon, and 
the secretary and general manager is Mr. H. J 
McLaughlin. The company's yard has a frontage 
of 60 feet and a depth of 300 feet, and it employs 
from forty to fifty workmen in laying sidewali<s, 
foot and carriage ways, cellar floors, etc , in Port- 
land cement, German mastic, and a-^phalt, and in 
executing all kinds of concrete work. Specimens 
of work executed by the company may be seen in 
the Capitol grounds, in the White House conser- 
vatory, in the Patent and Pension Offices, and in nu- 
merous private buildings. Both the office and the 
yardof thecompany are connected by telephone, the 
call for the former being " 467-2." and that for the 
latter" 979-2." All orders receive prompt attention, 
and all work is executed satisfactorily and at rea- 
sonable charges. 

J. G. Johannes, Manufacturing Jeweler, 
No. 935 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. AV. — This firm 
is principally employed in manufacturing rings, 
lockets, etc., and has since its inception earned a high 
reputation, which has been entirely due to the ex- 
cellent quality and fine workmanship displayed in 
the manufacturing of its goods. Mr. Johannes is 
one of the oldest practical jewelers in the city, 
having had fifty years' experience in every branch 
of the trade, and is an expert in diamond work and 
fine jewelry, of which he largely manufactures for 
the trade only, employing constantly from eight to 
ten skilled workmen, whom he personally super- 
vises. No goods are allowed to leave the shop 
without being inspected, thus guaranteeing entire 
satisfaction to all who may place their orders in 
his care. The factory is commodious and finely 
fitted up for all the requirements of the business. 
Mr. Johannes was born in Baltimore and came to 
Washington in 1875. He is a prominent member 
of the F. and A. M. and is much thought of by the 
fraternitj'. He served during the entire war, en- 
tering as lieutenant-colonel in the Purnell Legion, 
afterward in the Eighth ]\Iaryland Regiment in 
the same rank, until i)romoted to the command of 
colonel of the Eleventh Consolidated Veterans of 
Marvland. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



137 



John F. Wag'8:amau, Keal Estate Expert, 
Nos. 804 and 806 E Street, N. W. — Among those 
who have hvrgely contributed to Washington's ma- 
terial development in the real estate line in recent 
years is Mr. John E. Waggaman. He is a native 
of Virginia, and has now been actively identified 
with the real estate interests of Washington for the 
past sixteen years. During that time he has de- 
veloped a business connection of a most superior 
character, including among his customers many of 
our leading capitalists and investors, and has car- 
ried through to successful issues many important 
transactions. He is a recognized authority as to 
the value of realty in all sections of the city and 
in the suburbs, and those investors who are guided 
by his judgment and advice can rely on securing 
properties that will secure a handsome income and 
with prospective increase in values. Persons de- 
siring to invest in Washington property or loan 
money on the same, can, by paying a small per- 
centage on the amount involved, get an unpreju- 
diced opinion as to the exact value and chances for 
its improvement. Mr. Waggaman devotes special 
attention to the buying, selling, exchanging, and 
leasing and letting of houses, stores, and business 
premises generally. His lists are among the most 
complete in the city, affording an ample assort- 
ment to choose from as regards location, size, rent- 
als, etc. In the care of estates on behalf of absent 
owners, Mr. Waggaman has achieved the highest 
of reputations. He secures good tenants, promptly 
collects rents, effects repairs in the most judicious 
manner, and raises the properties to the highest 
standard of efficiency and value. He possesses ex- 
cellent facilities for the prompt negotiation of loans 
on bonds and mortgages, and is the agent of the 
W^ashington Fire and Marine Insurance Company. 
Mr. Waggaman has a neat, well-appointed office, 
40x70 feet in dimensions, at Nos. 804 and 806 E 
street, N. W., where a competent staff of clerks is 
in constant attendance. 

B. P. Watroiis, Meats, Poultry, Game, Eish 
and Capons in season. Canned Goods, Eoreign and 
Domestic Fruits, Sweetbreads, and all Delicacies, 
Cottage Market, No. 818 Fourteenth Street. — For 
business push and energy, for neatness and attrac- 
tiveness of fittings and furnishings, for general ex- 
cellence of merchandise, and for strict adherence to 
honorable business methods this house is to be com- 
mended to all classes of the community. The busi- 
ness was founded in 1862 under the firm style of 
George Huntley & Co., and they continued the 
management of the enterprise until 1874, when, by 
the death of Mr. Huntley, Mr. B. P. Watrous 
became the sole proprietor. He has developed the 
business to considerable proportions, and now com- 
mands a very large and influential trade, five clerks 
being constantly required to attend to the wants of 
customers. The market is very central in its lo- 
cation, and is 30x80 feet in dimensions. The stock 
is at all times extensive and choice, and embraces 
every description of meats, poultry, game, fish, and 
capons in season, canned goods, foreign and do- 
mestic fruits, sweetbreads, the finest print butter, 
and delicacies of all kinds, h. specialty is made 
of supplying dinner parties, and all orders are 
promptly and faithfully attended to. Mr. Watrous 
is a native of Connecticut, and has resided in 
Washington since 1870. He has proved tlip truth 
of the old adage that nothing wears so well as a 



good business reputation. His house has ever been 
renowned for fair and square dealing, and he is 
highly respected for his sterling qualities as a mer- 
chant and good citizen. 

John Dugan, Livery and Sale Stables, cor- 
ner Market and M Streets, Georgetown, D. C. — 
Located most desirably for his purposes, and occu- 
pying a well-equipped livery stable 40x120 feet in 
size, Mr. John Dugan has been actively and suc- 
cessfully engaged in business in West Washington 
for nearly ten years. Hisstable has every conveni- 
ence for the accommodation and care of forty 
horses and thirty carriages, and his hacksand turn- 
outs generally are as stylish and serviceable as 
any in Washington. Stages for excursionists, pic- 
nics, and private parties, and carriages for weddings, 
funerals, etc., are furnished at lowest rates, and 
orders at any hour of the day or night by telephone 
or otherwise have prompt attention. Careful and 
competent drivers are furnished, and horses are 
boarded by the day or week and have the best of 
care at the hands of experienced grooms. Private 
sales of horses, carriages, etc., are made here and 
confidence in Mr. Dugan's judgment and business 
probity is always warranted. In addition to his 
thriving livery business Mr. Dugan deals largely 
in baled hay, straw, and feed, and handles large 
quantities of the best brands of flour for family 
use, supplying the most desirable merchandise at 
lowest market prices and delivering goods to all 
parts of the city free of charge. In the wide 
range of business transacted by Mr. Dugan he is al- 
ways found prompt and reliable and his square- 
dealing and honorable business methods have 
always commanded the unqualified confidence of 
his patrons. He was born in the District of Colum- 
bia, and is widely known throughout the city and 
suburbs. He is an active member of the George 
town Hackmen's Association, and a man of excel- 
lent business tract and sterling worth. 

Joseph H. Lee, Grocer and Ship Chandler, 
No. 3228 Water Street, Georgetown, D. C.-— Forty 
odd years of continuous and prosperous existence 
sums up in brief the history of the well and favor- 
ably known concern of Joseph H. Lee, grocer and 
ship chandler. This popular and well-conducted 
house was founded in 1846 by J. C. Johnson, the 
style subsequently changing to Johnson «& Knowles, 
who were succeeded by the firm of Sonnners & 
Smitli, who were in turn succeeded by Smith & 
Lee, they carrying on the business up to 1876, 
when it passed into the sole control of Mr. 
Lee. The premises occupied comprise a two-story 
35xl00-foot building, and a heavy and very suijerior 
stock is constantly on hand, including choice sta[)le 
and fancy groceries, teas, coffees, spices, canned 
goods, prime butter, cereal food products, condi- 
ments, preserves, and delicacies, provisions, smoked 
meats, rope, cordage, rosin, pitch, tar, oil, grease, 
tackle, blocks, oakum, and everything included in 
ship chandlery, a specialty being made of boat and 
ship supplies. Three capable and efficient clerks 
attend to the wants of customers, and the trade, 
which is both wholesale and retail, extends all over 
the District of Columbia and vicinity. Mr. Lee, 
who is a native of New Jersey, is a man of push 
and enterprise, thoroughly conversant with the 
wants of the trade 



138 



CITY OF WASHING TOM. 



J. W. Barker, Manufacturer of and Dealer 
in iStoves, Tin and Slieet-Iron Ware, Tin Roofing, 
Guttering and Spouting, Plumbing and Gasfit- 
ting, Nos. 40 1 and 403 Seventh Street, S. VV. — 
This house, which now commands a large and in- 
fluential patronage, was founded twenty four years 
ago, and ihrougliout its long and successful career 
it has been under the management of its present 
proprietor. Mr. Barker is a manufacturer of and 
extensive dealer in stoves, ranges, tin and sheet- 
iron ware, housekeeping good«, and general hard- 
ware. He also gives particular attention to tin 
roofing, guttering and spouting, plumbing and 
gaslitting. The premises occupied comprise a spa- 
cious store 50x100 feet in dimensions, which is 
arranged in the most convenient and attractive 
manner, and gives ample space for the storage and 
display of the heavy stock. The factory is pro- 
vided with all necessary tools, appliances, and de- 
vices requisite for a large and high order of pro- 
duction, and the work turned out by the skillful 
artisans employed is strictly first-class in every 
respect. In tin roofing, guttering, spouting, plumb- 
ing, and gasfitting every facility is possessed for 
rendering service of the most advanced and arti&tic 
cliaracter, while orders, no matter what their mag- 
nitude, are filled in the promptest and most satis- 
factory manner. Mr. Barker trimmed the City 
Hall, and specimens of his finished handiwork are 
seen on many prominent buildings in this city, 
both public and private. The trade is exclu- 
sively retail. Mr. Barker is a native of the 
District of Columbia, a progressive and energetic 
business representative. 

Gerome Desio, Manufacturing Jeweler, No. 
1223 Pennsylvania Avenue. — Among those engaged 
in this enterprise special attention is called to the 
well-known establishment of Mr. Gerome Desio. 
This house was started in 1874 by the present 
owner, who occupies a spacious and nicely fitted- 
up store 20x70 feet in dimensions, with workshop 
attached and well-equipped with all the neces- 
saries and facilities for the prosecution of its work, 
and gives employment to an efficient number of 
skilled workmen, who are superintended by the 
proprietor in person, which in itself is a guarantee 
as to the quality and workmanship of the goods for 
which this firm is noted. Mr. Desio manufactures 
for the trade only and has, since he started, given 
entire satisfaction to liis patrons, the position he 
holds to-day attesting to the success that has at- 
tended his efforts in the past. His line of jewelry, 
which is varied and extensiv.e, consists of all kinds 
of gold, silver, and jet ornaments, such as lacepins, 
bracelets, earrings, studs, cuft-buttons, chains, 
brooches, lockets, rings, etc., and he does an exten- 
sive trade all over the city and its vicinity. Fine 
diamond work is made a specialty and any orders 
in this line will receive his personal attention, 
being himself a skilled workman, having served a 
long apprenticeship to it in his own country. Mr. 
Desio was born in Italy and came to the States 
fourteen years ago, taking up his residence in 
Washington 

liOUis Kurtz, Boot and Shoe Dealer, No. 733 
Seventh Street, between (r and H Streets. — Mr. 
Louis Kurtz lias been engaged in the boot and shoe 
trade since about 1862, and has met with un- 
bounded success. A tine, large spacious store is 



occupied, which is 20x60 feet in size, neatly and 
tastefully fitted, containing a large and varied line 
of all kinds of boots and shoes for gentlemen, 
ladies, misses, and children, which have been 
bought direct from the leading manufacturers of 
the country, and sold at the very lowest prices. Mr. 
Kurtz also makes boots and shoes to order, and in 
no instance does he fail to give perfect satisfaction. 
Mr. Kurtz, the proprietor of this business, is a 
German by birth. He came to this country in 1854, 
and for two years resided in Baltimore, afterward 
locating at Washington. 

Joliii A. Berber, Jeweler, No. 38 H Street^ 
N. W. — A prominent house engaged in the jewelry 
trade is that of Mr. John A. Berger, which was 
originally established by the present projarietor in 
1870. The premises occupied are large and com- 
modious, handsomely and elegantly furnished, and 
fitted up with elaborate counters, silver-mounted 
show-cases, and other conveniences for the display 
of the very handsome and extensive assortment of 
goods. The stock comprises a full line of fine gold 
and silver American and European watches, fine 
jewelry of every description, embracing plain and 
fancy rings, bracelets, necklaces, chains, charms, 
scarf and lace pins, sets, collar, cuff, and sleeve but- 
tons, diamonds of the purest water, rubies, and 
other precious stones set in the latest and most 
unique styles, also a full line of solid silver, gold, 
and plated ware, French, Swsis, and American 
clocks, eye-glasses, spectacles, and other optical 
goods, etc. He is agent for the Boss patent watch- 
cases, which are conceded by all who have tested 
them to be the best ever produced. All goods sold 
are guaranteed to be as represented, while his prices 
are most reasonable. A specialty is made of the re- 
: pairing of fine watches, clocks, and jewelry. The 
proprietor is a practical watchmaker of thirty 
years' experience. He was born in Germany, but 
has resided in this country since 1866, and is a 
member of A. F. and A. M., K. of P., I. O. of M., 
K. of L., and Good Fellows. 



John W. Carr, House, Sign, and Ornamental 
Painter, No. 428 Eleventh Street, between I) and E 
Streets, N. W. — A very high style of artistic skill 
in painting is that displayed by the house of Mr. J. 
W. Carr. This gentleman has been conducting 
business at his present location for the past thirty- 
six years, and he is one of the oldest and most ex- 
perienced painters in this section of the city. He 
occupies a store 20x70 feet in dimensions, and this 
is very tastefully fitted up and heavily stocked with 
a full and complete assortment of painting and de- 
corative materials. A number of skilled and com- 
petent artisans are employed, and every description 
of plain and ornamental painting, glazing, graining, 
marbling, gilding, calcimining in all styles and 
colors, etc., are given the most prompt attention 
and executed in a thoroughly workmanlike man- 
ner. Only the very finest of work is done, whether 
it be in the painting of a house, a sign, or in the 
execution of the highest class of ornamental work. 
The patronage is large throughout the city and 
suburbs, and the house has the best of reputa- 
tio.is for the faithfid fulfillment of all orders, and 
for a rigid adherence to integrity in the carrying 
out of all its obligations. Mr. Carr is a native of 
Georgetown, D. C. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



139 



Merritt & Van Warner, Photographers, 
No 925 Pennsylvania Avenue.— One ot the tinest 
ami most popular photograph establisluuents of 
Washington is that of Messrs. Merritt <S. \ an V\ ag- 
ner It was founded in 1830 by Mr. C^eorge VV. 
Davis who conducted it until 1«S4 when he was 
succeeded by the present tirm. The business trans- 
acted is large, induential, and increasing The 
proprietors, Messrs. J. D. Merritt and 1 M. Van 
Wagner, have had many years' practical experi- 
ence, have a reputation as accomplished exponents 
of their art extending over the entire country, and 
are gentlemen whose reliability commends them to 
the confidence of all. Tlie premises consist of two 
commodious floors 40x125 feet in size, handsomely 
fitted up and equipped with all modern appliances 
that can be used to advantage, making the gallery 
one of the largest and most complete in all its ap- 
pointments in the city. Employing the best pro- 
cesses and having the assistance of a corps ot dis- 
tinguished artists, the tirm are prepared to execute 
the very finest class of work, and the photographs 
coming from their house are splendid specimens ot 
the most advanced possibilities of the industry 
truthful to nature, admirable in effect, and finished 
in everv particular in the very best style. Crayon, 
oil, and colored cravon portraits are made in the 
most thorough and satisfactory manner, and special 
attention is given to interior and exterior views, 
out-door groups, and all work of a similar charac- 
-r They do a great deal of work for prominent 
■ople and carrv a large number of photographs of 
^ominent and "public people of Washington and 
-e United States. 

Jos B. Bailey, Dry Goods and Notions, cor- 
aerofF and Seventh Streets, SW.-This estab- 
lishment was founded on the 26th day of October, 
1875 Mr. Bailey was born in Virginia, thirty- 
nght years ago, and he took an active part in the 
I. vil War in the Confederate ranks, as a member 
of the First Maryland Artillery, from 1864 to I860. 
After the war he came to reside in Washington, 
where he is widelv and favorably known. His 
store, which is 15x40 feet in dimensions, is finely 
fitted up, and every convenience has been provided 
for the effective display of stock and the rapid 
transaction of business. The large stock carried 
embraces evervthing that can be found in any kin- 
dred establishment, including dry goods, fancy 
goods, notions, silks, satins, velvets and dress goods, 
trimmings, gentlemen's and ladies' furnishings, 
household goods, cloaks, shawls, underwear, etc. 
Popular prices prevail, and the counters and shelves 
are frequently crowded with bargains that cannot 
be duplicated elsewhere. 

J J Decker, Bookseller and Stationer, 
Printing, Engraving, and Bookbinding a Specialty, 
No nil F Street, N. W.— Mr. Decker has been 
established in business in his present place since 
1881 and from that time has met with a most de- 
cided success as a bookseller and stationer. _ Spa- 
cious premises 25x40 feet in size are occupied, in 
which a general assortment of books upon all sub- 
jects, including history, travels, science, etc and 
the standard light literature and school books, to- 
gether with all those articles tl.at belong to the 
trade of the stationer, a specialty being made of 
blank books, from the counting-house leclger to 
the neat pocket memorandum-book. A leature 01 



Mr. Decker's business is printing, engraving, and 
bookbinding, for doing which he has facilities 
equal to the best in ihe city and executes artistic 
workmanship that is unsurpassed. Mr. Decker, 
who has had an experience extending oyer sixteen 
years in this business, is a young man of fine artis- 
tic taste and thorough business ability. 

S. M. Waters, Practical Plumber, Gas and 

Steam Fitter, No. 1213 Thirty-Second (old No. 56 
High) Street. — Notably among the well-known 
practical mechanics and sanitary engineers in the 
District of Columbia is Mr. S. M. Waters, who has 
been a master workman as a plumber, gas and 
steam fitter since 1864, and has always been in the 
same block in which he is now located. The store 
and workshop is 20x60 feet in size. In the latter 
every convenience is afforded for doing all work in 
this line of business, and a number of skilled arti- 
sans are employed who are experts in their respec- 
tive branches. Mr. Waters gives special attention 
to sanitary plumbing in all its branches, and also 
to gas and steam fitting, and among those who are 
capable of judging is equal to the best in the city. 
His services are always in demand by property- 
owners and builders, and he is always prepared to 
make contracts for work and general jobbing in 
everything pertaining to his business. Mr. Waters 
was born in Washington, where he has always re- 
sided. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity 
and a Knight Templar, and also of the American 
Legion of Honor. 



John W. Coon, Dealer in Paperhangings. 
No. 1311 Thirty-Second (old No. 102 High) Street, 

A very popular and neatly kept store is that of 

Mr. John W. Coon, who has been successfully 
conducting his business at this stand for the 
past eighteen years. He deals somewhat exten- 
sively in all the latest styles and best descriptions 
of wall-paper, interior decorations, window-shades, 
lace-curtain, poles, etc. A large assortment of these 
goods is kept on hand and sold at very reasonable 
prices. The store has a frontage of 25 feet and a 
depth of 80 feet. It is very tastefully fitted up and 
furnished, and the large stock is very attractively 
arranged. Mr. Coon makes a special feature of 
general interior decorative work, and in this de- 
partment employs a staff' of skilled and experienced 
workmen. He" has a large business connection 
throughout the city and suburbs, and this is con- 
stantly being enlarged. Mr. Coon is a native of 
Adams county, Pa., and for the past twenty years 
has resided in Washington. 

John G. May, Furniture and Housefurnish- 
ing Goods, No. 1 222 Thirty-second Street, George- 
to^^n —This concern was founded eight years ago^ 
and in that time has secured a growing trade. 
With a store 25x80 feet in dimensions Mr. May has 
ample space for the display of the large stock, 
which includes new and second-hand furniture of 
every description, stoves,carpets, oil-cloths, mirrors, 
shades, chamber-sets, hanging-lamps, pictures, anS 
housefurnishing goods of all kinds, and three com- 
petent assistants are always at hand to show or ex- 
plain the uses, prices, etc., of all the articles. It is 
a well-tested fact that goods can be purchased here 
as cheaply as in any other establishment in the 
District of Columbia. ^Mr. May is a native of this 
city. 



140 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



Farmers' and Mechanics' National 
Bank, ofOeorgetovvn, D. C, No. 3072 M 
(Street. — The Farmers' and Mechanics' National 
Bank, of Georgetown, was originally incorporated 
by Congress in 1814, and in 1872 it was reorgan- 
ized and chartered as a national bank under the 
national banking laws. The bank owns the build- 
ing it occu[)ies, which is a two-story building 40x40 
feet in dimensions. The banking rooms are very 
tastefully fitted up, and the bank transacts a gen- 
eral business in loans and discounts, and receives on 
favorable terms the accounts of banks, bankers, 
1 manufacturing firms, and merchants. It makes col- 
lections on all available points in America with 
care and promptness, having a perfectly organized 
correspondence. The bank has a cash capital of 
$252,000, and tlie management is strictly conserva- 
tive, though progressive. Its investments are made 
with care and j udgment and its ventures of capital are 
always well secured. The president, Mr. Henry M. 
Sweeney, is an active and thoroughly capable finan- 
cier, and has held his present office for the past 
twenty years. The cashier, Mr. William Laird, 
has been connected with the bank for the past 
thirty-five years, and has become thoroughly iden- 
tified with its affairs. The Board of Directors com- 
prises .some of the best-known and most respected 
tradesmen in the city, namely : H. M. Sweeney, 
C M. Mathews, lawyer ; Philip May, retired mer- 
chant; John H. Smoot, dry goods; M.J. Adier, 
hardware merchant; S. Thomas Brown (Brown & 
Lewis), dry goods ; Thomas Knowles, grocer ; David 
T. Robinson, miller. 

Charles S. Slireve, Real Estate Broker, No- 
tary Public, and Conveyancer, No. 1125 Seventh 
Street, N. W. — Mr. Charles S. Shreve enjoys the 
reputation of being the oldest in this line in the Na- 
tional Capital. lie was born on Seventh street in 
this city, and was brought up from childhood there. 
In 18G7 he established his enterprise here, and has 
ever since that period been carrying on extensive 
operations as a general real estate broker, a notary 
public, and conveyancer. The business conducted 
by him is the purchase, sale, leasing,' and exchang- 
ing of real estate, the negotiating of loans, and the 
dealing in stocks and bonds. He has had long ex- 
perience in these lines and thoroughly understands 
the business in all its details. He has on his books 
descriptions of choice city and country property in 
Maryland, Virginia, and the District. One of his 
specialties is the care and management of estates, 
for which he possesses superior qualities and facili- 
ties. He secures responsible tenants, collects rents, 
■eflects repairs if desired, places insurance, and main- 
tains all property placed in his care at the highest 
standard of productive efficiency. Mr. Shreve is a 
licensed real estate agent for the District, and all 
patronage given him will be worthily bestowed. 

Peter J. May, Wholesale Dealer in Cigars, 
Tobacco, Pipes, Snuff, etc.. No. 1318 Thirty-second 
(Pligh) Street, W. — Mr. May is a native of this 
tfity, and has had sixteen years' experience as a 
practical cigarmaker. In 1878 he started business 
on his own account at the address indicated, where 
he has a very finely fitted up and conunodions store 
25x(')0 feet in dimensions, and containing a large and 
well-selected stock of imported and domestic cigars 
of tiie finest qualities, the most popular brands of 
smoking and chewing tobaccos, pipes, smokers' arti- 



cles of all kinds, snuff, etc. Mr. May makes a specialty 
of the " Rose Bud " and " Havana Straight " five-cent 
cigars, which for fragrance and general excellence 
cannot be surpassed in the city. The transactions 
of the house are of both a wholesale and retail 
character, and the trade relations of the house ex- 
tend throughout the District of Columbia, Mary- 
land, and part of Virginia. Two courteous assist- 
ants are employed, and Mr. May is a most agree- 
able gentleman with whom to have business deal- 
ings. 

George C. Payne & Co., Real Estate, etc., 
No. 613 Fifteenth Street, N. W.— Prominent 
among the reliable, active, and popular houses 
which are greatly aiding in the permanency of the 
Washington real estate market is that of Messrs. 
George C. Payne & Co. This business was estab- 
lished by them in 1885, and since its inception, by 
skillful and judicious management, has obtained 
fJie permanent esteem and confidence of many of 
our heaviest capitalists, property owners, and in- 
vestors. They transact a general real estate busi- 
ness, buying, selling, exchanging, renting, collect- 
ing, and taking charge of estates, and have carried 
to a successful termination many large transac- 
tions. They are likewise always ready to negotiate 
loans on bond and mortgage for any required 
amount and at the most favorable terms. Another 
important branch of their business is the practice 
of law under the firm name of Taylor & Payne, the 
law partnership having been formed in 1883. The 
members of this firm are Mr. James H. Taylor and 
Mr. George C. Payne. They practice in the Su- 
preme Court of the United States, courts of the 
District, Court of Claims, and Government Depart- 
ments, and have met with unusual success in the 
cases placed in their hands. Mr. George C. Payne 
is a native of Erie, Pa., a graduate of Columbia 
University, of this city, and a son of Colonel James 
G. Payne. Mr. James II. Taylor is a native of 
Baltimore, was admitted to the bar in 1880, and 
has resided in the city since 1870. Both gentlemen 
are young, clear'-headed, wide-awake business men. 

F. J. Ludeke, Lock and Gun Smith, Dealer in 
Sporting Goods, etc.. No. 3249 Bridge Street. — 
For a quarter of a century Mr. F. J. Ludeke has 
been one of the most noted, popular, and useful 
business men of Georgetown. It is that length of 
time since he started business on his own account, 
but he has been identified with his branch of trade 
as woi'kman and employer for a period of forty 
years. He was born in Prussia, and forty-five years 
ago came to the District of Columbia, of which he 
has ever since been a citizen. 'He occupies a neat, 
well-appointed store having a capacity of 25x60 
feet. In the store is to be found a full and general 
assortment of English and, American guns of every 
description, revolvers and pistols, fishing tackle, 
and sporting goods of all kinds. A leading feature 
of the business is the repairing of guns, pistols, etc., 
and also fitting locks and keys and making repairs 
and attending to general jobbing in his line of 
business, a specialty being made of bellhanging. 
Mr. Ludeke is an ingenious, practical mechanic, and 
he has the re[)utation of being the most reliable 
gunsmith in this .section and an authority upon 
fowling-jiieces. Only the most competent workmen 
are employed, and a large and growing business is 
done throughout the city and suburbs. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



141 



H. G. & J. E. Wag-ner, Watch and Clock 
Makers and Jewelers, No. 3'221 M (Bridge) Street, 
Georgetown. — The house of Messrs. H. G. & J. E. 
Wagner is a leading factor liere in the jewelry in- 
dustry, and receives a most generous patronage from 
all classes of society. It was founded in 1857 by 
Mr. II. G. Wagner, and the present firm was or- 
ganized on the admission of his brother, Mr. J. E. 
Wagner, to partnership in 1872. The store is 20x60 
feet in dimensions, finely appointed, centrally lo- 
cated, and a model of convenience in arrangement. 
The firm deals in American and foreign watches, 
clocks,jewelry, charms, ornaments, and artistic nov- 
elties of all kinds. A large stock is carried in every 
line and no competing concern in the city exhibits 
a more complete and attractive assortment. The 
goods are purchased from the best and most relia- 
ble manufacturers and importers, and every article 
is shown in its freshest and choicest form, many of 
the designs being of the most beautiful and original 
character. A full line of stationery, newspapers, 
and periodicals is carried for the convenience of 
customers, and in every department of the business 
the rule is to quote the very lowest prices that can 
be honestly afforded. Particular attention is paid 
to the repairing of fine watches and clocks. They 
are called for and delivered when desired, and 
warranted for one year. Both members of the firm 
are natives of the District of Columbia and gen- 
tlemen whose success has been achieved by exact 
representation and strict integrity. 

E. S. Fowler, Groceries, Meats, and Pro- 
visions, Foreign and Domestic Fruits, No. 2826 
Pennsylvania Avenue. — Established seven years 
ago by the present proprietor, a continuous advance- 
ment has characterized this house. The premises 
are furnished and fitted up in the most attraetive 
manner and the stock is large and select, including 
the finest and most desirable groceries, meats, and 
provisions, foreign and domestic fruits, and teas 
and coflTees of the finest flavors, besides fresh coun- 
try produce of every description. Mr. Fowler con- 
ducts a large trade in good butter, of which he 
makes a specialty, and prides himself on his facili- 
ties for supplying tlie finest product of the dairy 
in the Washington market at prices competing 
with any other establishment. The business con- 
ducted by Mr. Fowler is extensive and is con- 
stantly growing, and this live merchant numbers 
among his liost of customers many of the most 
prominent families of this section of the city and 
suburbs. He requires the assistance of several 
clerks in his establishment and orders have prompt 
attention and goods are delivered with dispatch to 
all parts. Mr. Fowler is a native of the District 
of Columbia and is a prominent member of the 
Masonic fraternity. 

W. F. McFarland (Successor to R. H. 
Darne), Livery and Sale Stable, No. 3289 M Street. 
— The excellent and noteworthy livery establish- 
ment of Mr. W. F. McFarland has been in contin- 
uous and prosperous existence nearly thirty-two 
years, and which is one of the largest, fore- 
most, and best equipped concerns of the kind in 
the District of Columbia. This flourishing en- 
terprise was started in 1855 by R. H. Darne, who 
conducted it up to March, 1883, when he was 
succeeded by the present proprietor, who has since 
continued the business with unbroken success. 



The stable is a one-story structure 250x50 feet in 
dimensions, thoroughly fitted up and completely 
equipped in every respect, and possesses accommo- 
dations for upward of fifty horses, besides a capacity' 
for seventy-five vehicles. The office, which is con- 
nected by telephone (Call 751-2), is open day and 
night, and all orders receive prompt and satisfac- 
tory attention, turnouts of every style and variety 
being furnished at all hours. Horses are kept 
for sale and exchange at all times, and are also 
taken at livery by the day or month on very rea- 
sonable terms, saddle horses, carriage teams, bug- 
gies, and road wagons of all kinds being also sup- 
plied for hire. Four busses and several stage, 
wagons, with a seating capacity for thirty persons,' 
are furnished to picnic parties, etc. Mr. McFar- 
land, who is a Virginian by birth, being a native 
of Loudoun county, is thorouglily conversant with 
every phase and feature of the business. 

George E. Murray, Library Market, For- 
eign and Domestic Groceries, Meats, and Provisions, 
Table Luxuries, etc.. No. 135 Pennsylvania Avenue, 
and No. 136 B Street, S. E. — Mr. Geo. E. Murray" 
is an extensive dealer in foreign and domestic gro- 
ceries, meats, provisions, and table luxuries. The 
business was established in 1884 by Mr. William 
A. Murray, tlie present proprietor succeeding in 
December, 1886. The store is finely fitted up for 
the reception of patrons, and well adapted for the 
accommodation of a large stock of goods in all de- 
partments of the trade. The stock is one of the 
finest in this part of the city, including every kind 
of staple and fancy groceries known to the trade, 
and selected with special reference to the supplying 
of families, including the finest teas, the purest 
coffees and spices, the best brands of flour, and 
choice selections of sugars, syrups, condiments, 
canned goods, and table delicacies. The fine stock 
of provisions and country produce is procured direct 
from producers, and is noted for its freshness and 
general excellence. The prices which prevail are 
eminently fair and reasonable and add materially 
to the popularity of the house among all classes of 
people. The. proprietor has unsurpassed facilities 
for supplying a first-class fsimily trade, and caters 
successfully for its patronage. Goods are delivered 
to all parts of the city free of charge. The pro- 
prietor is a native of Maryland, and has resided 
here for the past ten years. 

J. T. Payne; Agent, Manufacturer of Ladies' 
and Gents' Boots and Shoes, No. 1309 High 
Street. — This gentleman is well known through- 
out the city as a manufacturer of ladies' and 
gent's boots and shoes, making a specialty of 
fine custom work, and also dealing largely in foot- 
wear of all kinds for men, women, misses, boj^s and 
children. He has been a practical shoemaker for 
forty years, and is thoroughly informed upon all the 
requirements of his trade, warranting all work and 
guaranteeing a perfect fit in all cases. His goods 
are made of the best matei'ial, by themost expert of 
workmen, finished in handsome style, and noted for 
their durability and general wearing qualities. 
These facts, coupled with the fairness of his prices, 
make hk house a popular source of supply in this 
line of trade. Mr. Payne was born in Virginia in 
1818, and has resided in the District since 1840. 
His work in making and repairing boots and shoes 
is unsurpassed in this city. 



142 



CITY OF WASHIiVGTON. 



Wyckoff, Seanians & Benedict, Sole I 
Agents Remington Type-Writer, J. K. Buckdew | 
Manager of Wasliington Office, Le Droit Building, i 
corner Eighth and F Streets. — One of the most i 
wonderful labor-saving devices of modern times \ 
is the Remington type-writer, which, although 
invented less than twenty years ago, has come 
into general use in all parts of the world. The 
headquarters for the supply of these machines 




;are at No. 839 Broadway, New York. Tlie busi- 
ness was founded in 1873 by E. Remington & Sons, 
who were succeeded respectively by Fairbanks & 
Co., E. Remington & Sons, and in 1881 by the 
present proprietors, Wyckoff, Seamans c*fc Benedict. 
The Washington branch was founded in 1876, the 
present manager, Mr. J. R. Buckelew, assuming 
control in 1884. The branch is located in the Le 
Droit Building, the premises occupied consisting of 
a fine, spacious office, handsomely furnished. Four 
assistants are employed here and" a large business is 
carried on. A large supply of the Remington 
standard type-writers in all the various makes is 
-constantly kept on hand, as well as all kinds of 
type-writers' supplies, including drop cabinets, 
■desks, copy-holders, carbon and manifolding papers, 
record and copying ribbons, and linen papers of 
every description. The Remington type-writer is 
almost too well known to need description here. 
It embodies the fundamental principles of writing 
macliines, and embraces patented devices which are 
essentia! to the construction of a successful and 
practical type-writer. It is the result of costly ex- 
perimenting with many devices, and is the nearest 
approach to perfection that has yet been reached. 
Tlie type-writer is a simple, strong, compact ma- 
chine, nearly cubical in form, and measuns about 
twelve inches each way, with a projection in front 
for the key-board. It may be used on anv table or 
desk, but the firm furnishseveral styles of cabinet 
work specially designed for it. It Is easilv por- 
table, and may be carried either in its "metal 



case" or in the "traveling-case." The No. 2 
Remington type-writer contains seventy-six types, 
which, with certain simple combinations, print 
about eighty characters, including the letters of the 
alphabet, punctuation-marks, figures, marks of refer- 
ence, commercial and literary signs, etc. — in short, 
everything required for any of the principal modern 
languages. These eighty ciiaracters are printed by 
the manipulation of only thirty-nine keys. Prob- 
ably no other invention of mod- 
ern times has done so much to 
economize time, reduce expenses, 
and facilitate the dispatch of 
office business, and to lighten the 
labors of overworked literary 
and professional men, as the 
Remington standard type-writer. 
It performs work in two-thirds 
less time than required when the 
pen is used. Tlie prices range 
from seventy-seven tlollars and 
fifty cents to one hundred dol- 
lars, and a better investment 
could not be made. Mr. Bucke- 
lew is a native of Brooklyn, N. 
Y., and has been with Messrs. 
Wyckoff, Seamans cV Benedict 
since 1882. He thoroughly un- 
derstands all detail in rcijard to 
type- writing, and is always 
pleased to give his visitors all 
information desired about the 
merits of the Remington. 

John C. Parker, Book- 
seller, Stationer, and Engraver, 
Nos. HI 7 and 619 Seventh Street, 
N. W. — A little more than a 
quarter of a century ago, in 1861, 
in a small stand at the old Post-Office, Mr. John C 
Parker began the sale of books and stationery, and 
soon built up a very profitable trade, the volume of 
which had increased to such an extent in 1867 that 
he was compelled to seek larger and better quarters, 
which he had found on Seventh street. The bus- 
iness continuing to exj)and, the removal to the 
present premises, Nos. 617 and 619 Seventh street, 
N. W., was made nine years ago. Here he occupies 
a spacious store 25x90 feet in dimensions, affording 
ample room for the storage and exhibition of goods. 
Mr. Parker has thus been long known to the pub- 
lic of Washington, and the surrounding country, 
as one of the most reliable and enterprising book- 
sellers, stationers, and engravers in the city. A 
very complete stock is carried in every department 
of literature, the stock of books containing several 
thousands of volumes, while every variety of sta- 
tionery, blank books, albums, pocket-books, cards 
of every description, maps, globes, etc., are always 
on hand. Mr. Parker is also the agent in tliis city 
for the Hammond Type-Writer, which is fast be- 
coming the popular type-writer, and which was 
awarded the only gold medal at tlie New Orleans 
Centennial Exposition. The policy of the iiouse 
has always been to give perfect satisfaction to cus- 
tomers, and })roof of the success of the proprietor, 
in doing this is found in the fact that he has 
patrons who have dealt with him steadily for 
over twenty-five years. Engraving is skillfully 
and artisticially done, a specialty being made of 
wedding and visiting cards. 



LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 



143 



H. H. Portec, Caligraph Type-Writer, No. 
933 Ninth Street. — The methods of doing business 
of late years iiave undergone very striking and 
radical changes, and many new and useful devices 
have come into general use to assist in handling 
greater volumes of trade with a decreased expen- 
diture of money and vitality. It can be stated 
without fear of a successful contradiction that the 
type-writer has done more to revolutionize the 
details of daily business life than any other one 
improvement, and at this time almost every house of 
any importance has one or more of the instruments 
in use. Being an accepted fact, it is necessary to 
select alwayo what is deemed to be the best, and 
ranking at the head is the Caligraph manufactured 
by the American Writing-Machine Company, of 




Hartford, Connecticut. This type-writer was in- 
troduced to the public at a time when tlie imper- 
fections of others had become aggravated facts, and 
in their manufacture an effort was made to avoid 
the defects of its predecessors. These machines 
are made in severalsizes. No. 1 Caligraph contains 
forty-eight characters, which include a complete 
set of capital letters, numerals, punctuation marks, 
the characters " $," " &," and an underscore for 
capitalizing or emphasizing. Tiiese machines are 
made of the best material obtainable, and with the 
same care and thoroughness as the No. 2's. They 
receive paper nine inches M'ide, and write a line 
seven inches long. No. 2 Caligrajih has seventy- 
two keys, giving complete sets of capitals and lower- 
case letters, the numerals, the characters " f ," " &," 
and the punctuation marks. This is the only double- 
case machine of its class which prints ench char- 
acter at a single finger stroke ; it is designed to 
write two cases with the same movement that pi'o- 
duces corresponding matter on single-case machines 
— the labor of shifting the carriage for each upper- 
case character being overcome in this simple and 
complete instrument. The No. 2 wide carriage is 
similar to the No. 1 except that it is provided with 
a carriage which takes in a sheet of paper eleven 
and a half inches wide, and writes a line nine and 
a-quarter inches long. It is found convenient for 
use in tabulating work where several columns are 
to 1)6 transcribed. For general use the ordinary 
width is preferable. The No. 2 Commercial is inval- 
uable for billing purposes as well as a general office 
machine in manv lines of trade. It is fitted with 
all " Cap." type like the No. 1. Ten of the twenty- 
six keys representing capital letters in the ordinary 
No. 2 Caligraph are here utili/ed for an extra and 
smaller set of figures, so that any fraction may be 



made, thus: 33J, 12 J. The other sixteen keys are 
used for business signs and characters, as @,, %, ^, 
£. Without extra charge machines with Kussian 
type, or with the proper accent marks for writing 
French, Spanish, or (ierman, can be supplied. All 
of these machines are furnished with or without 
stand or cabinet. The Caligraph is in use in the 
offices of many of the leading railroads, insurance 
companies, and business houses of the country, and 
testimonials of a very superior character have been 
received by the company from those who find it 
cannot be dispensed with. In one year the " Cali- 
graph " was awarded first premiums at the following 
fairs and expositions: Cincinnati, Philadelphia, San 
Francisco, Toronto, Montreal, Ottawa, Wheeling, 
Portland, and Boston. In Washington, the Cali- 
graph is under the management of Mr. H. H. Por- 
ter, of No. 933 Ninth street, a gentleman thoroughly 
informed as to all its details. He carries in stock 
a full line of the different sizes of the type-writer, 
together with supi)lies. The fact that more than 
twelve thousand Caligraphs are in constant daily 
use bears out the assertion that the Caligraph is 
giving thorough satisfaction, and in its present 
state of improvement will continue to "stand sit 
the head." 

M. M. Dutton, Groceries and Provisions, 
No. 810 Ninth Street, N. W. — The business in- 
terests of Washington, like those of all other cities, 
have a greater ninnber of houses in the above line 
than any other one branch. Notwithstanding this, 
there are notable exceptions where certain houses 
stand out more prominently than their competitors, 
by reason of their superior management and excel- 
lent stock. Such a house is that of Mr. M. M. 
Dutton, who occupies a commodious store at No. 
816 Ninth street, N. W., and carries at all times a 
stock that embraces the infinite variety scheduled 
under the heading of groceries and provisions. 
Being thoroughly acquainted with the minute 
details of the business and equally informed of the 
markets, his store has become known in the section 
located as being the best place for the choicest 
articles in this line, and has therefore secured a 
large trade. Mr. Dutton personally supervises the 
business, and his aim to sell the best, at the lowest 
prices, has reaped its reward in steady and per- 
manent growth. 

A. Talleilt, Cabinetmaker and Upholsterer, 
No. 1269 Thirty-second Street, opposite Forrest 
Hall, W. — A house which has gained some distinc- 
tion on account of the artistic cabinet and uphol- 
stery work sent out by it is that of Mr. A. Tallent, 
who is a native of Pittsburg, Pa., and ten years 
ago he came to reside in Washington. Eight years 
since he founded his present enterprise, which has 
been attended by the most marked success. His 
store has a frontage of 30 feet and a depth of 90 
feet, and it is attractive in its fittings and arrange- 
ment. The store is replete with a stock of modern 
and antique furniture, parlor, drawing room, and 
chamber suites, bedding, and upholstery of every 
description, and, in fact, with everything that will 
add in anv manner to the elegance and comfort of 
home. Though a specialty is made in fine furni- 
ture, it must not be supposed tliat the more service- 
able kinds are forgotten. Mr. Tallent manufac- 
tures parlor furniture and cabinet work , to order 
and repairs and upholsters at the shortest notice. 



144 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 



014 310 444 8 



Joseph Gawler, Undertaker, Xo. 1720 Penn- 
sylvania Avenue. — The undertaking establishment 
of Mr. Joseph Crawler, No. 1726 Jfennsylvania ave- 
nue, has for many years been favorably known to 
tlie people of this community for its reliability and 
tiie high character of its service. It has been in 
continuous operation since 1850, under the manage- 
ment of tlie present pi"oprietor, wlio is an accom- 
j)lished representative of the profession, possessing 
a searching knowledge of its every detail and re- 
<];iirement. Tiie splendid reputaticm which he en- 
joys has been gained by conscientious and intelli- 
gent application, strict regard for tiie interests of 
his patrons, and tlie adoption of every meg,ns 
whereby the public want in his line might be satis- 
factorily ministered to. The business of the under- 
taker requires a sympathetic nature and tlie exercise 
of discriminating judgment, to the end that his 
responsible duties may be approached with delicacy 
and propriety. Mr. Gawler combines all of these 
characteristics, is a gentleman of rare tact, and 
brings to bear an experience which, in union with 
the honorable spirit marking all his transactions, 
gives him the entire confidence of his customers. 
The warerooms are attractively furnislied, eligibly 
located, and contain at all times a full and complete 
stock of coffins, caskets, metallic burial cases, and, 
in fact, everything required for the plainest or most 
imposing ceremonies. Mr. Gawler takes full charge 
of funerals, superintending all the details peculiar 
to the last rites of the dead, furnishing all that 
may be required on such occasions, and fulfilling 
his obligations in the most acceptable manner to 
both friends and relatives. Particular attention is 
given to embalming, the work being skillfully and 
thoroughly done, the latest and most ap[iroved 
processes employed, and ice used when desired by 
those in interest. Calls receive immediate atten- 
tion, every facility is at hand for prompt action, and 
it has always been the policy of the house to make 
its charges as reasonable as consistent with first- 
class service. Mr. Gawler is a native of England, 
lias resided in this city for fifty years, is a promi- 
nent and widely known citizen, and deserves no 
small share of credit for the long and honorable 
record he has made in the history of the business 
interests of Washington. 

D. Jackson, Dealer in Fine Groceries and 
Liipiors, No. 3014 M Street, W. — This house was 
founded twenty-three years ago, and it has always 
maintained a reputation as regards both the quality 
of its goods and the reliability of its management. 
The business was originated on High street, where 
it was continued for a period of seven years, and 
tlien it was removed to its present central location. 
Tiie premises occupied comprise a salesroom 25x80 
feet in dimension, and a basement of equal area. 
Tiic stock is an extensive and well-selected one, 
and embraces everything classed under the general 
tarn of staple and fancy groceries, teas and coffees 
of tlie finest brands, spices, flour, canned goods, pro- 
visions of all kinds, table delicacies in great variety, ! 
fresh and salt meats, the purest of foreign and do- | 
mastic wines and liquors, cigars, etc. The first 
great aim of the proprietor has always been to give 
to each and every customer full value for money 
expended and this he is enabled to do by his large 
sales, direct purchases, and low prices. Mr. Jackson 
is a native of Philadelphia, and for the jiast forty- 
two years has been a resident of Washington. 



Sharswood & Peake, Dealers in Fine Fur- 
niture, No. 304 Pennsylvania Avenue, Capitol 
Hill. — -Although a comparatively new house — the 
business having been established in December, 
18-15 — the enterprising and prosperous firm of 
Sharswood & Peake, dealers in furniture, carpets, 
and kindred articles, whose commodious and fiour- 
ishing enqiorium is located at No. 304 Pennsyl- 
vania avenue, Cai)itol Hill, has already attained a 
degree of prominence and secured a hold on j)ublic 
favor accortled to but few of the older concerns en- 
gaged in this line in Washington, this being by 
common consent one of the best equi])ped and most 
reliable establishments of the kind in this section 
of the city, and wiiere patrons and purchasers are 
always assured of receiving excellent value, honor- 
able treatment, and polite attention. Handling an 
A 1 line of goods, strictly upright in all their deal- 
ings, and being withal men of energy and business 
ability, the result could hardly have been other 
than the positive and permanent success they have 
deservedly achieved. The premises occupied com- 
prise a two-story 25x40-foot storage and warerooms 
building, with entrance on B street, besides a 25x100- 
foot store, neatly fitted up and tastefully arranged, 
while a heavy and fine stock is ctnistantly carried, 
embracing jdain and artistic furniture of all kinds, 
jiarlor and chamber suites, dining-room and kitchen 
furniture, mirrors, glasses, elegant carpets, oil- 
clot lis, mattings, and rugs, bedding, interior deco- 
rations, and a complete assortment of general house- 
furnishing goods, an efficient staff of assistants 
being employed. Goods are sold on weekly and 
monthly payments when desired, the most liberal 
terms being given, and prices prevailing here are 
lower for the same class of articles than in any 
other liouse in the city, no pains being spared to 
render the fullest satisfaction in every instance to 
customers, and altogether a very fine business is 
done, the trade extending all ever the District. The 
copartnershif) consists of Messrs. William A. Shars- 
wood and M. F. Peake, natives respectively of 
Baltimore county, Md., and District of Columbia. 
They are both men of push and enterprise, 
thoroughly conversant with the wants of the trade, 
and will reach the full measure of prosperity due to 
energy and ability well applied. 

A. M. Kloczenski, Druggist, No. 500 Ninth 
Street, N. W. — Among the numerous branches of 
trade that are included in the total of a city's busi- 
ness. interests, few, if any, occupy a more important 
and useful position than that of the conscientious 
druggist. He is more than a tradesman if he has 
his patrons' interest at heart, as he advises upon as 
well as supplies the es-^entials to combat ■with dis- 
eases. This idea has been advanced when review- 
ing the house of Mr. A. M. Kloczenski, of No. 500 
Ninth street, N. W., who has been for some years 
engaged as a druggist, and has made a de.served 
reputation for his reliability as a business man and 
the purity of his stock of drugs. Tiiis stock in- 
cluiles a full and complete assortment of articles 
and drugs incident to a first-class pharmaceutical 
establishment. In addition, he carries an infinite 
variety of toilet articles, surgical requirements, etc., 
the whole making his lionse one of the most de- 
sirable in this section of the city for supplies 
of this nature. Prescriptions are carefully and 
promptly filled, and the whole business is at all 
times under the direction of the proprietor himself. 



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